ideas for pro-poor investments in africa

Ideas for pro-poor investments in Africa如何在非洲实现投资和扶贫双赢

Téodyl Nkuintchua, CED

3rd Event of the China-Africa Forest Governance Learning Platform

第三届中非森林管理学习平台

Beijing, October 2016 北京 2016年 10月

3rd Event of the China-Africa Forest Governance Learning Platform 第三届中非森林管理学习平台

3rd Event of the China-Africa Forest Governance Learning Platform 第三中非森林管理学习平台

Obvious statements声明1. After 50 years and about 1 trillion USD of aid-driven development,

Africans need investments 50 年后在取得约 1 万亿美元援助发展时，非洲需要获得投资2. But investments have never proved secured: both for Africans and for

the investors 但从未向非洲和各位投资者证实投资的安全性 3. There is no good business without security, there is no security without

the support of the immediate neighbors of the investment: local populations 安全性的缺失无法保证展开良好的商业活动，没有投资活动周边环境（当地人口）的支持则无法获得安全保障

4. Investors’ countries have a strong role to play in order to pave the way for tomorrow’s investors: good country image = better access to producing countries 投资者国家在为未来投资者铺设成功道路时，能够起到举足轻重的作用：良好的国家形象 = 更容易入驻生产国

3rd Event of the China-Africa Forest Governance Learning Platform 第三届中非森林管理学习平台

You may have heard this about foreign investments in Africa 非洲国外投资传闻

Poor governance 监管不善

Insecurity 不安全

Corruption 贪腐

Growth增长

Human rights abuses 践踏人权 Non-adapted to

people’s need 不适应人民需求

Inflation 通货膨胀

Pollution 污染

Civic unrest 国内动荡

War 战争

Violence 暴力

Enhancing poverty 加深贫困

Bad working conditions工作条件艰苦

Land grabbing 土地掠夺

Gender inequality 性别不平等

Providing social services 提供社会服务

Trainings 培训Environmental damages破坏环境

Creating infrastructures建设基础设施

Improving livelihoods 改善生活

Opacity 不透明

Emerging diseases 新型疾病

Better access to the “World” 更容易地进入“世界”

Jobs 工作

1. Poor policies and weak implementation make it difficult to benefit from foreign investments 政策疲软、执行力弱，国外投资难以获取利润

2. But the investors have also played an important role in shaping the current context… so they can contribute 但投资者在当前环境的形成中也发挥着重要作用… 因此他们可对此做出贡献

3rd Event of the China-Africa Forest Governance Learning Platform 中非森林管理学习平台第三次活动

Land of opportunities and competition充满机会与竞争的土地1. All African countries are eager to receive Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and other

types of investments 非洲所有国家均渴望获得外国直接投资（ FDI ）和其他类型的投资2. Some are even changing their laws to ease such investments… 部分国家甚至变更法律放宽该等投资的监管要求…3. …but also to protect their citizens: … 但也在保护各自公民：• Citizens’ pressure (Liberia) 公民压力（利比亚）• Regional tendency (ECOWAS directive on the harmonization of guiding principles and

policies in the mining sector) 区域化趋势（西非国家经济共同体协调矿业指导原则和政策颁布的法令）• International pressure (upcoming UN binding treaty on transnational investments) 国际压力（即将发布的联合国交易投资约束条约）

Strong policies from investing countries are no longer just in the interest of the producing countries, but also for their own investors 投资国的强势政策不再只符合生产国的利益，现同时兼顾本国投资者的利益。


Strong investment-related policies强势的投资政策1. Real-time communication on aspects that can affect peoples’ life 就可影响人们生活的各个方面开展实时沟通

a. Dismantling the “culture of secret” 废除“秘密文化”b. Building a strong strategy of communication (and not just information) 建设强大的沟通策略c. Promoting dialogue 促进对话

2. Requesting consent before moving into ancestral lands 进入宗地前需先征求同意a. No investment has a chance to sustainably stand when populations have not been

properly consulted 如未能妥善处理人口问题，任何投资均无法持续发展b. A good start is to use free, prior and informed consent approach, even when the

government has already provided a title 即使已获得政府授权，但获得自由的事先知情同意后，才可实现投资的良好开端。c. Participatory land rights mapping is a crucial element in requesting consent 参与式土地权利概图在征求同意时至关重要

1. Strong participation of local populations 当地人口的积极参与


Strong investment-related policies强势的投资政策1. The case of Golden Veroleum (Golden Agri-Resources) in Liberia… 利比亚 Golden Veroleum （金光农业资源）案例…

a. 220 000 ha, 1,6 billion USD of promised investments 220,000 公顷土地， 16 亿美元承诺投资b. Social conflicts: poor consultation: confusion over lands, alleged

corruption, intra-community conflicts 社会冲突：沟通欠佳——土地争议、贪腐嫌疑、共同体内部冲突c. International campaigns… and lack of trust from investors 国际运动…和缺乏对投资者的信任

2. …And so many other companies … 以及其他众多公司a. Herakles Farms in Cameroon 喀麦隆赫拉克勒斯农场公司b. Atama Plantation in Congo 刚果 Atama Plantation 公司c. SIME Darby in Liberia 利比亚 SIME Darby 公司d. Etc. 等

1. Strong participation of local populations (case studies)当地人口的积极参与（案例研究）


Strong investment-related policies强势的投资政策1. Investors should not hamper local development, including by avoiding: 投资者不得制约当地发展，包括避免：

a. Investing on land needed for local development: requesting consent is also about looking for development needs, even beyond what is expressed 投资需用于当地发展的土地：征求同意也包括了解发展需求，甚至更深层次的内容。

b. Damaging resources needed by local populations 损坏当地人口需要的资源c. Importing everything (equipment and human forces) or 进口所有东西（设备和人力）d. Exporting raw production (logs, crude oil, etc.) 出口粗制品（木材、原油等）

2. Money into local development pays your social peace 投入当地发展的资金用于支付社会和平a. Simple support for local transformation: access to some scraps, technology and cheap

equipment can make the difference 简单支持当地转型：使用废料、技术和便宜设备将会有所不同b. Social services can clean your image 社会服务可改善形象

2. Be consistent with local development 符合当地发展


Strong investment-related policies强势的投资政策1. The Case of Pallisco in Cameroon 喀麦隆 Pallisco案例

a. 2005 -2006: Conflicts with local populations over the logging of Moabi trees –logging operations suspended for days and massive losses 2005-2006 年：与当地人口就毒籽山榄木的伐木工作发生冲突——伐木工作暂停数日，造成巨额损失。

b. Mediation with local and national NGOs 对当地和国际非政府组织的思考c. 2008: FSC certificate and improvement of company’s operation 2008 年：通过森林管理委员会（ FSC ）认证，改善公司运营d. Current situation: French investments are often labelled as “clean” 现状：法国投资经常获得认可

2. The case of HEVECAM (GMG) in Cameroon 喀麦隆 HEVECAM (GMG)案例a. Massive investments in social services: schools, hospitals, roads 社会服务方面的大量投资：学校、医院、道路b. Poor communication 沟通欠佳c. Bad working conditions 工作环境不良d. Bad image for GMG, but also for Chinese investments 有损 GMG 以及中国投资方的形象

2. Be consistent with local development (case studies) 符合当地发展（案例研究）


Strong investment-related policies强势的投资政策

1. No human rights abuses 不践踏人权2. Freedom of association ( Delegate of Staff) 结社（职工代表）自由3. No discrimination of in respect of employment, including at the

highest positions 雇佣（最高职位在内）无歧视4. Promote greater environment responsibility 促进更高的环境责任5. No harm to the right to development 不会对发展权造成损害

3. Be Human Rights-guided 以人权为指导


Strong investment-related policies强势的投资政策1. Comply with all the laws applicable to the investments:

not just sectoral laws 遵守投资适用的所有法律：不仅相关行业部门法律2. Comply with international conventions and treaties

signed by the producing country 遵守生产国签署的国际公约和约束条件3. The absence of relevant institutions does not prevent

from complying with national laws 缺乏相关机构并不意味着可以不遵守国家法律法规

4. Comply with producing country’s laws 遵守生产国法律


Strong investment-related policies强势的投资政策

1. Guidelines are good as far as it can lead to sanctions: investment world is full of crooks who would not invest in their own countries (Liu Han, Sir Mark Thatcher, etc.) 指导方针可为制裁提供依据：投资世界存在很多不在自己国家进行投资的欺诈人员（ Liu Han 、 Sir Mark Thatcher 等）

2. Make sure the foreign investors respect their own laws and conventions and treaties signed by their country 确保国外投资者尊重自己国家签署的法律、公约和约束条件

3. Policies should protect “clean” investors: establish fair competition 政策应保护合法投资者：建立公平的竞争

5. Go beyond guidelines 优于指导方针


How to achieve such policies?如何实现该等政策？1. Requesting expertise from producing countries 请求生产国提供专业知识2. Bringing investors at the table 接纳投资者并与之协商3. Prioritizing (step by step) and branding what is done 指定（逐步）优先权，明确先后顺序4. Keeping an eye on what is happening at regional and

international levels 密切关注地区和国际时事

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