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IDEAS General Assembly (April 11-15, 2011) Evaluation in times of turbulence the crises of food, fuel and finance Experiences from Monitoring System to analyze impact of 3F crisis on Childrens Education in Nepal Purnima Gurung, Jeevan Raj Lohani, Laxman Bashyal

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Background UNICEF has been monitoring the impact of 3f crisis on children and women globally UNICEF Nepal initiated monitoring the impact on education in coordination with Department of Education (DOE) Initiated since June, 2009

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3F crisis in Nepal Nepal is affected by crisis in various ways financial, fuel, food (based on the research reports of Government, WB and ADB) Out-migration TrendHunger Trend

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3F crisis in Nepal Fuel prices are fluctuating and has started to increase. Food availability problem. Food prices are increasing

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Methodology Monitoring system consists of three components Community monitoring in 14 districts School monitoring in 22 schools from 11 districts covering all geographic regions. Household monitoring (through VAM survey of World Food Program/Nepal) Seven quarters of monitoring completed Began thematic monitoring in 2010

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3F monitoring strategy HOUSEHOLDS Questionnaire Sentinel SCHOOLS FGD with mothers COMMUNITY FGD with child club FGD with teachers DoE (Project Steering Committee) RIDA DATA ANALYSIS (RIDA) DATA DISSEMINATION RESPONSE (programmes & policies) Rapid Impact Assessment in affected areas WFP

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Simikot Darchula Baitadi Dadeldhura Mahendranagar Dhangadi Dipayal ChainpurMartadi Magalsen Gularia Birendranagar Dailekh Manma Jumla Gamgadi Jajarkot Dunai Jumlikhalanda Salyan Nepalgunj Ghorahi Liwang Jomosom Beni Baglung BAGLUNG Kusma Pyuthan Taulihawa Sandhikharka Tamghas Sidharthanagar Tansen Syangja Pokhara Chame Besisahar Damauli Parasi Bharatpur Gorkha Dhadingbesi Dhunche Bidur Hetauda Birgunj Kalaiya Gaur HAT Dhulikhel Chautara Charikot Ramechhap Sindhulimadi Malangwa JaleshworJanakpur Siraha Rajbiraj Ineruwa Gaighat Diktel Salleri Okhaldhunga Bhojpur KhandbariTaplejung Phidim Ilam Biratnagar Chandragadi Dhankuta Terhathum EASTERN REGION CENTRAL REGION WESTERN REGION MID-WESTERN REGION FAR-WESTERN REGION CHINA INDIA MAP OF NEPAL ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION 75 Districts, 5 Regions KTM Kathmandu B - Bhaktapur

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Highlights of Findings

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Impact on Education Price rise (and subsequent need for increased income / lower expenditure) contributed to: Child labour Reduced educational expenses Reduced attendance Reduced learning Drop out

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Child Labour Around a quarter of households are constantly making their children irregular to school to different extent by sending them to work During absences 82% involved in unpaid household work 16% involved in paid work Child protection issues

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Reduced educational expenses Reduce education materials Shift children to cheap school

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Why were student absent ? Source: school level data (last quarter 2010)

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Impact on attendance

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Impact on Learning The average learning achievement score was 33. Irregularity affected the learning Household works reduced study time Hunger affects learning, reported by teachers in food deficient regions Reduction in expenditure (lack of study materials) on educational materials affects childrens learning achievements.

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Reasons for drop out One to three percent of 700 households throughout the monitored quarters. Rapid assessment found drop outs due to the job losses in garment factory

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Factors to Drop out

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Vulnerable households Higher probability to take children out of school to work: Poverty stricken households Households with illiterate HH head Households who need to purchase rice Households using kerosene as fuel for lighting purposes households having experienced food price rise large households (more number of children below 12) HH needing to collect and sell firewood female-headed households Priority of households determine the coping/impact level

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Vulnerable towards child labour Logit Regression Results (Determinants of child labour) (Source: Household Level Monitoring) Independent VariablesCoeff.p-valueRelationsignificance HH using kerosene1.07610.000PositiveHighly significant HH facing food shortage0.98540.001PositiveHighly significant Poor households0.79820.012PositiveSignificant Education level of HH head-0.08590.017Negative Significant Household size0.51170.019PositiveSignificant #of children below 120.14090.151PositiveFairly significant

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Education related coping intensity by districts

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Utilization of the findings

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Linkage of the findings Department of Education as a partner in information collection Monitoring steering committee Led by government Includes monitoring stakeholders Meetings in regular intervals

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Benefits Regular monitoring (quarterly) Micro-level analysis Qualitative findings to back up EMIS system Evidence based policy advocacy

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Inability to afford stationeries Provision of stationeries, targeted scholarships Hunger as a barrier to attendance/learning and high relevance of school feeding program Expansion or targeting of school feeding program Vulnerability profile Use to inform targeting (scholarships for instance) Child labour leading to student drop out Scholarships to cover the opportunity cost Parental counseling Implications of the findings

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Challenges Capacity building of the system related to M&E Integration with other sectors (health, child protection) Post-conflict scenario

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Next steps Converting crisis monitoring to evidence based policy advocacy Strengthening the analysis and linking it directly to EMIS system Continuation of 3f crisis monitoring together with thematic monitoring of access and quality related indicators Scholarship distribution and utilization by parents Out of School Children Impact on classroom teaching learning process (including HW) Community participation Sanitation, Health and Nutrition School feeding programs Educational expenses

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THANK YOU Reports can be available at UNICEF, RIDA, WFP and USAID website. Type 3F crisis on education in google