identifying ecological hotspots in the bering, chukchi ... · identifying ecological hotspots in...
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Identifying Ecological Hotspots in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas
Esri User ConferenceJuly 2018
Erika Knight, Melanie Smith, Max Goldman, & Ben Sullender
Audubon Alaska
image: M
ilo Burcham
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Audubon Alaskais a science-based conservation organization thatworks to protect birds, other wildlife, and theirhabitats across the Great Land of Alaska. Weuse science to identify conservation priorities andsupport conservation actions and policies, with anemphasis on public lands and waters, and througheducation we seek to raise public awareness aboutthe natural ecosystems of Alaska.
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Why map the Arctic seas?Increasing interest in the Arctic, intensifying development pressures,
changing climate, and a need to make informed decisions
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Physical Setting
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Biological Setting
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Fishes
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Birds
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Mammals
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Human Uses
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Data GatheringIdentify available dataAcquire and organize
Data SynthesisSpatial analysisComposite data layers
DesignAnnual cycle mapsIdentify patternsAssessment & planning
Data to Design
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Composite Data Layers
1
24Multiple Studies
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Composite Data Layers
• Extent of range• Regular use• Concentration• High concentration
Intensity
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Data GatheringIdentify available dataAcquire and organize
Data SynthesisSpatial analysisComposite data layers
DesignAnnual cycle mapsIdentify patternsAssessment & planning
Data to Design
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Identify Patterns
Bird Concentration Areas
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Identify Patterns
Important Ecological Areas (IEAs)
are geographically delineated areas which, by themselves or in a network: • have distinguishing characteristics;• are important for maintaining habitat
heterogeneity or the viability of a species; or
• otherwise contribute disproportionately to an ecosystem’s health, including its biodiversity, function, structure, or resilience.
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Identify Patterns
For each grid cell:
Standard deviate of cell j =
(Value of cell j) – (Mean of values in layer)
Standard deviation of values in layer
For each layer:
Sum the positive standard deviates
IEA Method
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Polar BearWalrus
Bearded SealRibbon SealRinged SealSpotted Seal
Steller Sea LionNorthern Fur Seal
Beluga WhaleBowhead Whale
Gray WhaleHumpback Whale
OsmeridsPacific HerringWalleye Pollock
North Pacific CodsAtka MackerelYellowfin SolePacific HalibutPacific Salmon
Primary ProductivityZooplankton
Benthic BiomassSnow CrabKing Crab
Coral/Sponge Gardens
Bird DensityMarine Bird Colonies
Global IBAs
King EiderSpectacled EiderCommon EiderSteller’s Eider
Long-tailed DuckYellow-billed LoonRed-throated Loon
Red-faced CormorantRed-necked Phalarope
Red PhalaropeAleutian Tern
Red-legged KittiwakeBlack-legged Kittiwake
Ivory GullMurres
Horned PuffinTufted Puffin
Parakeet AukletCrested Auklet
Whiskered AukletLeast Auklet
Short-tailed AlbatrossShearwaters
Multi-Species Hotspots Ecosystem Ecological HotspotsInputs
MARINE MAMMAL HOTSPOTS
BIRD HOTSPOTS
FISH HOTSPOTS
LOWER TROPHIC HOTSPOTS
ECOSYSTEM HOTSPOTS
maximum
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Polar Bear‡Walrus
Bearded SealRibbon SealRinged SealSpotted Seal
Steller Sea LionNorthern Fur Seal
Beluga WhaleBowhead Whale
Gray WhaleHumpback Whale
OsmeridsPacific HerringWalleye Pollock
North Pacific CodsAtka MackerelYellowfin SolePacific HalibutPacific Salmon
Primary ProductivityZooplankton
Benthic BiomassSnow CrabKing Crab
Coral/Sponge Gardens
Bird DensityMarine Bird Colonies
Global IBAs
King EiderSpectacled EiderCommon EiderSteller’s Eider
Long-tailed DuckYellow-billed LoonRed-throated Loon
Red-faced CormorantRed-necked Phalarope
Red PhalaropeAleutian Tern
Red-legged KittiwakeBlack-legged Kittiwake
Ivory GullMurres
Horned PuffinTufted Puffin
Parakeet AukletCrested Auklet
Whiskered AukletLeast Auklet
Short-tailed AlbatrossShearwaters
Multi-Species Hotspots Ecosystem Ecological HotspotsInputs
MARINE MAMMAL HOTSPOTS
BIRD HOTSPOTS
FISH HOTSPOTS
LOWER TROPHIC HOTSPOTS
ECOSYSTEM HOTSPOTS
maximum
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Identify Patterns
D R A F T
Mammals
D R A F T
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Identify Patterns
D R A F T
Birds Hotspots
D R A F T
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Identify Patterns
D R A F T
Fishes Hotspots
D R A F T
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Identify Patterns
D R A F T
Lower Trophic Hotspots
D R A F T
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Identify Patterns
D R A F T
Ecosystem Hotspots
D R A F T
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Identify Patterns
For each grid cell:
Standard deviate of cell j =
(Value of cell j) – (Mean of values in layer)
Standard deviation of values in layer
For each layer:
Sum the positive standard deviates
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Identify Patterns
D R A F T D R A F T
Not moving window Moving window
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Assess vulnerability of hotspots to: Vessel traffic Offshore energy Commercial fisheries Climate change
Next steps
Assessment & Planning
imag
e: T
im S
ulliv
an/U
SCG
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Assessment & Planning
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Assessment & Planning
D R A F T
Shipping Vulnerability
D R A F T
More vulnerable
Less vulnerable
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Thank you!
Questions?