identity and tourism
TRANSCRIPT
Tourism & SDGs
Identity and Tourism Emeritus Professor Harold Goodwin WTM Responsible Tourism AdvisorDirector Institute of Place Management atManchester Metropolitan University & Director of the Responsible Tourism Partnership1
Menu..Tourism
Responsibility
Responsible Tourism
Identity and Sense of Place
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Tourism
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What about putting something back? Take only photographs, leave only footprints
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Sir Colin Marshall, British Airways 1994
Tourism and the travel industry is essentially the renting out for short-term lets, of other peoples environments, whether that is a coastline, a city, a mountain range or a rainforest. These products must be kept fresh and unsullied not just for the next day, but for every tomorrow
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Our holidays their homes
Tourism in unusual in that consumers travel to the point of production (the factory) to consume the product.Opportunities for additional sales of goods and services:Complementary product
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Culture & TourismYour everyday life is someone elses adventureSwedish NGO fly-posting in Ljubljana, Summer 1997
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Tourism is a social constructTourism is what we consumers and producers make it. We can change it.every individual tourist builds up or destroys human values while travelling.rebellious tourists and rebellious localsOrders and prohibitions will not do the job because it is not a bad conscience that we need to make progress but positive experience, not the feeling of compulsion but that of responsibility.
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Jost Krippendorf
responsibILIty
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Why Responsible? AccountabilityActions and consequences can be attributed to individuals or legal entities, who can be held accountable, and legally they are liable. Respons-abilityIndividuals and organisations are expected to respond and to make a difference. This requires partnerships, a plurality of relationships, learning, praxis, and critical reflection.
The Ostrich problem Theyll sort something out
Why Responsibility? to respond, to act, responsibility implies and requires action. critical to creating change is acknowledging and owning up to problems, and taking responsibility for making changes.Responsibility is free you can take as much of it as you can handle
is to take responsibility (actively) is to bear responsibility (with a negative, burdensome connotation) is to carry responsibility (more neutral than bearing responsibility) is to have responsibility (objective fact of having an obligation, e.g. legally) You really have no sense of responsibility.12
The antonym is IrresponsibleTwo primary meaningsUnreliable, untrustworthy, unlikely to be held to account or mentally or financially unfit to be held accountable
Lacking a sense of responsibility, akin to carefreeness the trait of being without worry or responsibility
Manchester Metropolitan University. Centre for Responsible Tourism MMU
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"Corporation, n.An ingenious devicefor obtainingindividual profit without individual responsibility"Ambrose Bierce13
Responsible Tourism An attitude of [email protected]
Sustainable and Responsible
Sustainable Tourism and Responsible Tourism are not the same thingResponsible Tourism is about taking responsibility for achieving sustainable development through tourism.
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Taking responsibility You cannot outsource responsibility ..Whose responsibility? EveryonesNobodys
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Responsible Travel takes a variety of forms, it is characterised by travel and tourism whichminimises negative environmental, social and cultural impacts;generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the wellbeing of host communities, by improving working conditions and access to the industry;involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life chances.Cape Town Declaration 2002
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Better places for people to live in, better places for people to visit makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage and to the maintenance of the worlds diversity;provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaningful connections with local people, and a greater understanding of local cultural and environmental issues;provides access for people with disabilities and socially disadvantaged people; andis culturally sensitive and engenders respect between tourists and hosts.
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19Whats in EFM is becoming more important than VFM Experience for money vs. value for money
We are seeing experience inflation Brits once thought Florida was a big adventure Now they want to visit Orangutans in Borneo or dive the Barrier reef
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20A better way to travel
Fairtrade Tea tastes the sameas ordinary tea
Responsible tourism provides moreauthentic experiences that meet thetrends for more real and experiential travel
Both offer a more responsible alternative, butonly responsible tourism has product advantages
20The impact of the global recession and growing environmental concerns are creating a new set of shared values
21Responsible
Responsible tourism
More authentic experiences that create better places to live in and to visit
Tourism is a cultural process.Memories of a place are jointly produced by the tourists, the locals and the place the physical space and the human activity that takes place there.the destination of the tourist and the inhabited landscape of local culture are inseparable Ringer (1998)
Identity
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Successful tourist destinationsoffer the visitor something uniquethey create a sense of place, an identity which is different from their competitors.no two communities are ever exactly the same
Numbers => yield Seasonality & extending length of stay
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Destinationsdestinations are .social and cultural constructions whose meanings and values are negotiated and redefined by diverse people, and mediated by factors often related only tangentially to a particular tourist setting. Squire 1998
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Squire SJ (1998) Rewriting language of geography and tourism: cultural discourses of destinations, gender and tourism history in the Canadian Rockies pp80-100 in Ringer G (1998) Destinations, Cultural Landscapes of Tourism Routledge.24
25Globalisation It is not just tourists that circulate and travel. Importance of popular media films, fashion, popular music and internet. Objects mediate technologies construct places. Place and performance
26There are four characteristics of any space:
timelocationphysical space topography, architecturesense of place00:53:28E &51:18:56N TR015613
Faversham27
A place is defined by its meaning in human experience. In fact, the peculiarities of a place are a consequence of the interaction between the people who live and visit there and the land and its habitats.
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29Kirk - a geographer Distinguished between world of physical facts (real situations) anda world of social facts which are arranged according to cultural influences - motives, preferences, and traditions drawn from an individuals social and cultural background. the same environment may have different meanings for individuals from different cultures.
Khajraho-temple
29Kirk W (1963) Problems of Geography. Geography 48, pp357-371
30Resource Uniqueness Generally, the less unique a destination or the weaker its sense of place, the harder it will be both to draw people in and compete in the tourism market place. Indeed, if every tourism destination offered virtually the same set of [experiences] tourism would become somewhat meaningless.Godfrey & Clarke The Tourism Development Handbook
Relph (1976) argues that place is interesting as an expression of mans involvement in the world, Improved knowledge of the nature of place can contribute to the maintenance and manipulation of existing places Relph distinguishes space from place because places have insides to be inside a place is to belong to it and to identify with it. To be inside a place you need to travel to it and experience it contrasts this with vicarious insidedness31
32Cultural landscapesThe socially constructed landscape that develops locally as a direct result of the influence of human institutions and values on the physical environment over time.Ringer:7.Landscapes the visible structure of a place expresses the the emotional attachments held by both its residents and its visitors:6
33Tourism both establishes and falsifies local reality RingerPlaces are constructedrooted in time and spacemust be able to change on going social construction of their placecannot be frozen as vignettes. people have unique views and feelings, people develop values, and based on these values they make choices. These choices affect the earth and change the landscape.Kaplan & Kaplan 1989
33Ringer Destinations 1
Kaplan & Kaplan quoted in Ringer p 4
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