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How to use verbs in the Present, Preterite, and Imperfect Introduction to Prepositions, Pronouns, Adjectives, and more! 100+ exercises with answers to help you practice Greg Phillips A publication from Idioma PRO.com 1 st edition

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Page 1: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

How to use verbs in the Present, Preterite, and Imperfect

Introduction to Prepositions, Pronouns, Adjectives, and more!

100+ exercises with answers to help you practice

Greg Phillips

A publication from

Idioma PRO .com

1st edition

Page 2: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

Hablar

Greg Phillips

A publication from

Idioma PRO

London · Madrid · Quito · Mexico City · Lima

Rio de Janeiro · Buenos Aires · Santiago

Page 3: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

An Introduction to Basic Spanish, 1st edition

Publication: Buenos Aires, Argentina

Copyright © 2017

Other titles from Idioma PRO:

Idioma PRO: 50 Spanish Verbs

Idioma PRO: Everything there is to know about Spanish Verbs

Idioma PRO: Everything there is to know about Spanish Pronouns

Other titles in progress from Idioma PRO:

Idioma PRO: Everything there is to know about Spanish Grammar

Idioma PRO: Spanish Vocabulary Pt. I

Idioma PRO: Spanish Vocabulary Pt. II

Idioma PRO: Reading in Spanish

Idioma PRO: Writing in Spanish

Idioma PRO: Spanish Conversation

All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced or copied in part or in whole by

any electronic, mechanical, digitalization, recording, or photocopy process, nor may it be used,

posted, published, or shared in any type of website or blog without previous written

authorization from the author.

Idioma PRO

Idioma PRO

Page 4: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

Introduction

, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to

Basic Spanish!

Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important fact

about language learning: it’s not just about learning. It’s equally important to

understand what you learning, and continually practice and review. Unfortunately,

many mobile language apps are little more than tourist phrase books. And on the

other end of the spectrum, there are complicated grammar books and language

courses that overwhelm the student with technical information.

That’s why we’ve designed our books to be accessible to students and easy to

understand. So easy, in fact, you could probably understand quite a bit of this

book including if it were written totally in Spanish! Our format is simple: there’s

one bite-size lesson per page, and then there’s a page of exercises. When it

comes time to review, all you have to do is take a glance at the center of the

lesson page to quickly refresh your memory.

Furthermore, this is the only book designed to accompany the audio lessons on

our website, www.idiomaPRO.com. There, you’ll find dialogues, transcriptions,

and recordings for pronunciation for each lesson in this very book!

Listen to the audios. Read the dialogues. Do the exercises and learn the lessons.

But later on, you’ll always have the easiest way to review so that you don’t forget

what you’ve just learned: just take a glance through the pages of this e-book on

your favorite device!

We hope you enjoy this book and all of our language material offerings, and as

always, never stop learning like a PRO!

4

Greg Phillips

On behalf of Idioma PRO

www.idiomaPRO.com

Page 5: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

1. Present Indicative and much more! 7

2. Preterite and much more! 31

3. Imperfect and much more! 55

Focus by Chapter

5

Appendix

Answers 79

Introduction 4

Focus by Chapter 5

Table of Contents (detailed) 6

Page 6: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

Table of Contents: Detailed

6

1. Chapter 1

1. Personal (Subject) Pronouns 7

2. Present Indicative: Ser 9

3. Present Indicative: Estar 11

4. Nouns: Gender and Number 13

5. Definite Articles 15

6. Indefinite Articles 17

7. Adjectives: Gender and Number 19

8. Present Indicative: -AR Regulars 21

9. Present Indicative: -ER Regulars 23

10.Present Indicative: -IR Regulars 25

11.Present Indicative: Yo Irregulars 27

12.Present Indicative: Stem Changers 29

2. Chapter 2

1. Reflexive Pronouns: Reflexive Actions 31

2. Adverbs: of frequency 33

3. Present Indicative: Ir 35

4. Present Progressive 37

5. Possessives: Adjectives 39

6. Indefinites: Adjectives 41

7. Demonstratives: Adjectives 43

8. Preterite: -AR Regulars 45

9. Preterite: -ER/ -IR Regulars 47

10.Preterite: Morphing Verbs 49

11.Preterite: Other Irregulars 51

12.Prepositions: Simple Connectors 53

3. Chapter 3

1. Present Indicative: Hay 55

2. Prepositions: of place 57

3. Interrogatives 59

4. Direct Objects 61

5. Indirect Objects 63

6. Indirect Objects: Gustar and Similar Verbs 65

7. Imperfect: Regulars 67

8. Imperfect: Irregulars 69

9. Preterite or Imperfect? 71

10.Prepositions: Por and Para 73

11.Comparatives: of equality 75

12.Adverbs: of time 77

Page 7: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

1. The tú form is used to talk to a friend or

close relative informally.

2. The usted form is used to talk to someone

formally. The person may be older, of

important status, or simply a stranger.

3. Vosotros is used only in Spain to talk to a

group of people informally. In Latin America,

ustedes (Uds.) is used with both formal and

informal groups.

are the protagonists of a sentence. They say who does the action of the verb.

Subject Pronouns

Singular Plural

1st Yo Nosotros/as

2nd (Informal) Tú Vosotros/as

2nd (Formal) Usted Ustedes

3rd Él/ Ella Ellos/ Ellas

2nd person: informal & formal

Personal (Subject) Pronouns

Examples:

7

Yo estudio español. ¿Cómo estás tú,

amigo? ¿Cómo está Ud.,

Sr. González?

1.1

¿Cómo estás tú, amigo?

¿Cómo está Ud., Sr. González?

España: Hola a todos. ¿Cómo estáis vosotros?

Lat. América: Hola a todos. ¿Cómo están Uds.?

It’s optional to use these

pronouns if there is a

conjugated verb.

Page 8: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

Nosotras somos mejores amigas.

Rewrite the sentences, replacing the names or the X in bold with a personal subject pronoun.

Fill in the blank spaces with the correct subject pronoun.

1. Raquel está enojada contigo. __________ no quiere verte.

2. ¿Qué piensas __________ de esto? __________ no lo entiendo.

3. Mis abuelos llegan mañana. __________ van a quedarse aquí dos días.

4. dije que fue mala idea. Pero __________ no escuchaste.

5. Mi jefe es tonto, pero __________ cree que es muy inteligente.

6. y tu hermano están en problemas. ¡__________ dos van a pagar!

7. Hablaste con Martín y Emma? __________ estaban buscándote.

8. estoy de acuerdo contigo. __________ debemos hacer algo.

9. Perdón, ¿podría decirme __________ dónde está la oficina de correos?

10. Elena y Javier han crecido mucho. ¡No puedo creer qué tan altos __________ son! 8

Personal (Subject) Pronouns

Change the singular pronouns to their plural equivalent and vice cersa.

1. tú 5. yo 9. él

2. Ud. 6. ella 10. yo

3. vosotras 7. Uds. 11. nosotras

4. nosotros 8. ellas 12. ellos

1. [Sara y yo] somos mejores amigas.

2. [Olivia y Lola] cantan en el coro.

3. Todos [x] aquí deben mantenerse calmos.

4. Señor Ramírez, [x] es una inspiración para mí.

5. Amigo, [x] tienes que aprender a escuchar.

6. [Juliana, Paulina, y Jorge] estudian inglés.

7. He conocido a [Carla] desde hace diez años.

8. [Cristiano] es el mejor estudiante de la clase.

9. [x] sólo quiero vivir mi vida en paz.

10. [Tú y Benjamín] siempre están hablando.

11. Señor y Señora Gómez, [x] pueden entrar.

12. [Alejandro y Diego] viven en mi vecindario.

1.1

Page 9: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

The verb “ser” is used to talk about:

1. Physical Description

2. Personality

3. Profession

4. Possession

5. Nationality

6. Time (the hour and date)

7. Natural/ Inherent Characteristics

8. Religion

Ser Singular Plural

(Yo) soy (Nosotros) somos

(Tú) eres (Vosotros) sois

Usted es

Ustedes son

Él/ Ella Ellos/ Ellas

The negative form

To use the negative form (that is, to say what

something is not), just put the word “no” before

the conjugation of ser.

describes basic characteristics that are permanent.

When to use “ser” Examples:

Soy alto y rubio.

Mi profesora es muy simpática y paciente.

Su papá es ingeniero.

Ese libro es mío.

Ustedes son venezolanos o colombianos?

Son las diez de la noche.

Él es un hombre.

Somos católicos. Ellos son budistas.

No soy alto ni rubio.

Mi profesora no es muy simpática.

Present Indicative: Ser

Somos mexicanos.

Él no es abogado.

Es médico.

Soy alto y moreno.

¿Qué horas son?

1.2

9

Page 10: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

Present Indicative: Ser

Fill in the blank spaces with the correct conjugation of ser.

1. nosotros 3. Ud. 5. ellas 7. tú 9. yo

2. ella 4. ellos 6. tú y yo 8. él 10. Uds.

Write the correct form of ser in the sentence and then give the reason for using the verb.

1. ¿Estos libros tuyos?

2. (Tú) mucho más alto que yo.

3. (Yo) no médico; abogado.

4. el 23 de abril hoy.

5. El guepardo el animal mas rápido de todos.

6. (Nosotros) niños; jóvenes.

7. Mi jefe no muy amable.

8. ¿Hablas español? ¿ mexicano?

Write complete sentences, inserting a conjugation of ser where needed.

1. El fútbol / un deporte popular en el mundo.

2. ¿(Tú) / estudiante en esta universidad?

3. (Nosotros) / altos y rubios.

4. Español y portugués / idiomas similares.

5. ¿Quién / ese hombre?

6. Los Estados Unidos / un país grande.

7. ¿Qué horas / ahora?

8. Ahora / la una de la tarde.

Make negative sentences with the first adjective and positive sentences with the second.

1. Tú / católico / budista.

2. Las seis de la tarde / las siete.

3. El celular / tuyo / de Federico.

4. Nosotros / perezosos / tranquilos.

5. Ellos / de Japón / de China.

6. La Amazonia / desierto / selva.

1. Reason:

2. Reason :

3. Reason :

4. Reason :

5. Reason :

6. Reason :

7. Reason :

8. Reason :

Possession son

(Tú) no eres católico. Eres budista.

1.2

10

Page 11: Idioma PRO · Introduction, and welcome to the 1st edition of Idioma PRO: An Introduction to Basic Spanish! Here at Idioma PRO, we’ve discovered a very simple yet very important

Answers 1.1

2. Ellas cantan en el coro.

3. Todos Uds. deben mantenerse calmos.

4. Señor Ramírez, Ud. es una inspiración para mí.

5. Amigo, tú tienes que aprender a escuchar.

6. Ellos estudian inglés.

7. Ella ha vivido allá desde hace diez años.

8. Él es el mejor estudiante de la clase.

9. Yo solo quiero vivir mi vida en paz.

10.Uds. siempre están hablando.

11.Señor y Señora Gómez, Uds. pueden entrar.

12.Ellos viven en mi vecindario.

1. vosotros (Uds.) 5. nosotros 9. ellos

2. Uds. 6. ellas 10. nosotros

3. tú 7. Ud. 11. yo

4. yo 8. ella 12. él

1. Ella 3. Ellos 5. él 7. Ellos 9. Ud.

2. tú, Yo 4. Yo, tú 6. Tú, Uds. 8. Yo, Nosotros 10. ellos

79