THE

YEAR -BOOK

srr"VPIsrrICAL Al'\D HISTORIC.AL ANNUAL OF THh

STATES OF THE CIVILISED \VORLD

FOR THE YEAR

r888

I:DITED BY

TO TIlE OEOGR\PIIICAL

TWENTY·FIFTH ANNUAL PUBLICATION

1888

Man sagt oft: Zahlen regieren die \YeILDas aLer ist gewiss, Zahlen zcigcn ':.I.:i( sie regiert wird.

GOETHE

ISBN 978-0-230-25317-9 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-0-230-25317-9

P li,E FAOE.

IN this new issue of the YEAn-BooK will be found nlany additions

and alterations, which, it is hoped, will be considered improve­

ments, Every effort has been made to bring the statistical and

other information up to the latest available date. Again the

editor has to express his warmest acknowledgments for the

ample assistnnce he hag received from officials and others all

over the world ; such co-operation is indispensable to the con ..

tinned efficiency of a work which, it is believed, is of some public

service.

J. S. K.

'ST!.TES)I.\XtS YEAR·BoOK' OFFICE,

29 & 30 BFDFORn STREET, STRASD, W.O.Januarv 30, 1888.

OONTENTS.

IXT.P.ODUCTIOX.

c 0 I> .,A. T I VET A B L E S.

I. Density of Population of the Principal States of Europe • xviiII. Principal States of the 'Yorld • xviii

III. Population (in millions) of the European States. xixIV. Grow th of Population in Europe xx

·v. Territorial Changes in Europe • xx

YI. Population (in millions) of the Five Great Divisions of the ""orId,estimated at five successive periods • . . . . xs.i

YII. Estimated Population (in millions) of the World from luGO to1886, according to varlous • . • . xxi

YIII. British Exports: Increase and Diminution for 1885 and 1886

IX. British Imports: Increase and Diminution for ISSj and 1886 • xxiii

P_\UT THE FlnST.

THE S T .A. T E S 0 FEU !{ 0 P E.

AUSTRIA-IIUNGARY- rAGE

ReigningEmperor and King 3Constitution, Gv'crnmcnt. ()- - of Austria 6- - of Hungar)·. 9Church and 11Revenue and Expenditure 14- - of Austria 14- - of Ilunaarv 17krmy • b." 19Ku'J· •• 20Armour-clad Ships 21Area and Population. 22Trade and Industry • 26Railways • • 20Post Officeand Telegraphs 30Diplomatic Representatives 31Mone)·, ,,"eights and ::\Ica-

Bures .31nooks of Reference • 32

BELGIUlI- PAGli:

Reigning • • 34Constitution, Government • 35Church and Education 3iRevenue and Expenditure . 38Army . 40Area. and Population 41Trade and Industry • 43Railways • 4S'

·Post Office 46Telegraphs . . • 46

.Diplomatic Representatives 46'Yeights and nIl'a-

surcs 4GBooks of Reference 4: i

Reigning • ,,40Con-titution, 51

viii THE £.TATE&lL\1'i'S YI:AR-DOOK, 1888.

PAGE; PAGEST.\.TI:S OF

Church find Education 62Revenue find Expenditure . 53 1. PneSSIA.-

Army 55 Reigning ICing. 110XUTJ • . • 66 Constitution, Government • 122Area and Population . ;'i Church and Education 126Trade and I1hlustry. • 58 Revenue and Expenditure • 128Railw.1J'O:J Posts, aend Tele- Army 132

graphs. GO Area and Population. 132Colonies . . . . 61 Trade and Industry 131D iploma tit.'! Repro ('11 ttl ti fes 62 Railw.J.Js. • 1353Ione:·, 'Yeight ... end

sures 62 2. TI.A.Y.1RI.A.-

Books of Reference 62 Reigning }{ing. 136Constitution, Government • 138'Church and Education 138

Constitution, Government • 64 Revenue and Expenditure. 140Church and Education 67 Army 141Revenue and Expenditure • 70 Areu and Population 141Armv 74Xa,,)" • ". 77 a wrRTTI::1IDEllO-

Armour-clad Ships 78 Reigning I\:ing . 143Area and Populaticn . 82 Com..titution, Government • 144Trude and Industry 89 Church and Educ..rtion 145)Ierc.lntile XaYJ· 94 Revenue and Expendrture . 146Railwavs . . . 94 Area and Population. 147Post 311d Telegraphs • 95Colonies and Dependencies 95 4. SAXOXY-Diplomatic Representatit es 98 Reigning King • 148:11uncJ·, 'Yeigl1b and ::\If a- Constitution, Government • 14V

sures 98 Church and Education 150Books of Reference 99 Revenue and Expenditure. 151

Area and Population . 151

Reigning Emperor-and 101 5. B.\DFx-Constitution, Goveri.ment • 102 Reigning Grund Duke 152Church and Education 105 Constitution ann. Revenue 153Revenue and Expenditure • 106 Area and Population 154•Army lOSFortress 110 6. :illecklen1urg-Schwerin 155Xa,}· 111 t, Hesse 158Armour-clad Ships 112 S. Oldenburg 160Area and Population. 114 9. Brunswick 162Commerce 102 10. Saxe-'Yeimar 164Industry lOG 11. )Iecklenburg-StrC'Ii tz . 167Shipping Communications 19S 12. Saxe-Mciningcn 168Railways, Post, and Tele· 13. Anhalt 170

graphs • 1nD 14. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 1"'1). . 1-Foreign Dependencies • 190 15. Saxe-..Altenburg. 174Diplomatic Represeutatives 200 16. '''''aldeck 175)!oney, Weights and Jlea- Ii. Lippe . . . 1i7

sures 201 18. Sell" arzburg-Rudolstadt • 1i8Books of Reference 201 19. Schwnrzburg-Sondcrshausen li9

180 Reigning }{ing • • 315181 Constitution, Government • 316182 Church and Education 317183 Revenue and Expenditure • 318187 Public Dobt 319188 Army and Navy 320

Population • 322Trade and Industry 324Mercantile 326

190 Railways, Post, and Tele-101 graphs • . 32G

Di plom atic Represen ta t i ves 326Money, Weights and Mea-

sures 326Books of Reference - . 327

STATES OF

20. Reu5,'.:t-Scbl£'iz •21. Schaumburg-Lippe22. Reuss-Greiz23.IIamburg •24. Lill)eck25. Bremen

ALSACE·LORlUl:XE­

Constitution, RevenueArea and Population

GREAT BRITAIX AXDIREL.AKD-

CONTENTS.

PAGEGREECE-

ix

PAGE

neigniDg' Prince . • 362Goremment and Population 362Books of Reference _ .. :364

Reigning Queen and Em-pre..,,, • • • •

Constitution, Government •CabinetReligionEducation ,Revenue and Expenditure •TaxationNational DebtArmyNavy . ,_Armour-clad Ships

ArN\ and Population­'United Kingdom •Number of LandownersEngland and 'ValesScotlandIreland.Islands in the British

SeasEmigration

Commerce and Industry­Imports and ExportsShippingAgricultufpFisheriesMineral ProduceTextile Industry

Railwa,Ys. .Post and Telegraphs •

Colonies and DependenciesBooks of Reference­

Official Publications _Kon-officinlPublications

20120721.)218222226232237239244248

2512532.j42J9263

267267

260275278280280282286287291

310313

ITALY-Reigning King _Constitution, Government •See and Church of RomeSupreme PontiffList of PontiffsList of CardinalsChurch and EducationRercnue and Expenditure .1'uLlic DebtArmyNaYJ • •Armour-clad Ships .Arec.l. and Population.Trade and Industry •Mercantile NayyRailways , • •Post and Telegraphs •Diplomatic IIepresentati ,C3

MoneJ', Weights andsures

Books of Reference..

NET!IERLAKD3-Reigning King •Constitution, Government •Church and EducationR >Tl?llUe and Expenditure •Public Debt •

and Xary. •Are.! and Population.

32933133333333-1336310342315346348350351355358

3;'S359

350360

3653G63683693il372374

THE STATES3IAN'S YEAR-EOOK, ISSS.

rAGEXLfH£RL1KDS-

Trade and Industry • 376Merc..'lntilo1\'avJ 399Railways, Post, and Tele·

gr.lphs • 380Colonies. • • • 380DiplomaticRepresentatives 3&2)loney, 'Yeights and ..

382Books of Reference. 383

PORTUGAL-Reigning King . . • 38JConstitution, Government , 386Church and Education 388Revenue and Expenditure. 389Army and • 391Are., and Population. 393Trade and Industry . 395)Iercantile Nary 398llnilway5. •. 398Post and Telegraphs . 3DSColonies. .• 3D8Diplomatic Representatives 400::\Ioney, 'Veights and

sures • 400Books of Reference • 401

Reigning Inng • 402Constitution, Govemment , 402Revenue and Army • 403Area and Population 406Trade and Commerce • 40;Diplomatic Representatives 4081tloney, Weights and

sures.. • 408Books of Reference 409

RUSSIA-Reigning Emperor • 410Constitution, Goremment , 412Church and Education 418Revenue and Expenditure. 420National Debt . . 423Army • 426

• • • • 431Armour-clad Ships. • 432Are .., and Population. 436COTI1TIlerce. • 441:'tlercantile Navy • • 447RaiIwtl)·s • •• 447Post and Telegraphs , , 448

RrSSL\.-

Diplomatic Representatives 44flMOl1C'J, \Ydghts and 1Ie;:t-

StItes • • 449Books of Reference. • 450

SERVIA-Reigning King • • 453Constrtution, Governmcnt . 453Church and Education 454Revenue and Army • 455Population and Commerce 45GDiplomatic Representatives 4;58)Loney, 'Veights and Me.l-

sures • • 4.jSBooks of Reference 45U

IGng 460Queen Regent • • 460Constitution, Goverument , 4UlChurch and Educ..ition • 461Revenue and Expenditure. 465National Debt . • 467Army • 468Navy . .. 460Area and Population . • 470Trade and 'Industry • 4 i2Mercantile XaYj"" • 475'Railways • . • • 475Post and Telegraphs. 476Colonies. ... 4i6Diplomatic Representatives 478)loney, 'Yeights and

sures .. • 479Books of Reference. • 479

S'VEDEX AND KOn'YAY-Reigning King • 481Dynastic U nion 482

SWEDEX- -

Constitution, Government , 483Church and Education • 485Revenue and Expenuiture. 485Arm)" and • 487Area and Population. 4.00Trade and Industry . 492:\Iercantile Navy 49-1Railways. •• 40-1Post and Telegraphs • 494:

KORWAY-

Constitution, Go,er-?Dlent. 495Church and Education • 407

C01\TEi\TS. xi

PA.G!:

TURI{EY AND TRIllUTARYSTA.TES-

Reigning Sultan /521Constitution and Govern-

meut. .• fi23Religion and Education • 524Revenue and Expenditure. '!)25Public Debt . • • 52.5Army • •• 529X a'\)· • •• 531Area and Population . 533TrJ.de· and Commerce 535Mercantile KaY)· 537Telegraphs 537

Offices .338Railways. • 538Diplom..itic Representatives 545Money, ",..eights and Mea-

surcs . 545'·nooks of Reference 547

NoRWA.Y- P.o\GE

Revenue and ExpcndIture. 497Army und Xax)"' • • 4U8Area and Population • • 500Trade and Industry. • 501

Navy • 503Railways . • • • 503Post and Telegraph. . 503Diplomatic Representatives 504:Uono.y,'Yeight& and Mea-

• • • • 50-1Books of Reference. • fi05

S"'ITZERLAXD-Constitution, Gorernment , 507Church and Educatiou " • 509Revenue and Expenditure, , 511Army • • • • 513Area and Population • 514Trade and Industry • • 517

.• 510P05t and Telegraphs. . 619Diplomatic Representatives 519

and• • • • 519

Books of Reference. . 520

BULGARIA

R\STEllX RO'C)(ELI.1.

• 538

• 642

PACT TIlE

THE PllINCIP STATES OF .A.J)IERICA,ASIA, AKD OCEANIA.

1. Al\IERICA.rAGE

REPUBLIC­Constitution, Go'ernment. 551Church and Education . 552Revenue and Public Debts 553Army and Kay)" • • 554Area and Population. . li50Trade and Industry. . 556Railways, Posts and Tele-

graphs. • • • 55SDiplomatic Representatives 558

'Yeights and 1[eJ.-sures • •• 558

Books of Reference • 559

nOLIYL\..-Constitution, Governmcnt , 561Revenue, Public Debt, and

.Army. • • • 561Population, Trade, and In-

dustry • • 562

rAGEBOLITIA-

Di plomati c Reprcsentat ives 564:l\Ioney, 'Veights and Mea-

burcs • • 56!Books of ReferencC". • 564

BRAZIL-Reigning Emperor • 5GGConstitution, GOTcrnment. 567Church and Education • - 569Revenue and Expcnditure , 570Public DeLt • 572ArmJ and Navy . • 572Area and Population a 573Trade and Commerco , • 576Railway s and Telegraphs. 578Diplomatic Reprcscn ta ti ves 578Money; 'Yeights and l\Iea-

sures • 579BOOKS of Reference 679

xii TIlE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1888.

rAGECANADA-

Constitution, Government , 581Church and Education • 584Revenue and Expenditure. 586Public Debt • 587Arm;" . • • • 588Area and Population • 589Trade and Industry . • 591Railways, Post and 'I'ele-

graphs. • • . 599]IonPj", ""eights and l\Ica-

sures ••. 595Books of Reference. • 596

CIIILI-Constitution, Government 5D9Revenue and Expenditure. GOOArmy and • • 601Arc.! and Population . . 602Trade and Industry. . 603Diplomatic Representatives G05:.ilone)'", Weights and Mea-

bures.. . 605Books of Ileferc nee. • 606

Constitution, Gorernment , 607Revenue, Public Debt, and

ArnlJ'".. • 608Area and Population . 608Trade and Commerce • 609Diplomatic Representatives GIlMoney, '","eights and

• • • GIlBook') of Reference. • G12

COSTA RIC.-\.-Constitution, Gor ernment ; GI4:Revenue, Population, and

Traue. • • . 614Diplomatic Representatives 616l1Ione.r, Weights and

surcs • • 616Books of Reference. • 617

ECUADOR-Constitution, GOl"ernment. G18Revenue, Population, and

Trade. . • • G19Diplomatic Represcntath"es 020Money, Weights and

surrs • • 620Books of Reference. • 621

PAGEGUATE)IALA-

Constitution, Government . 622Rerenue, Population, and

Trado. • . • 622Diplomatic Representatives 62-1:Monej", 'Yeights and )Ic<1.-

bures • • 624:Books of Reference. • 625

IIAITI-Constitution, Government. 626Revenue, Population, and

Trade. • • • G2GDiplomatic Representatives 628)Ioncj", 'Yeights and Men-

sures •• • 628Books of Reference. • 629

HOXDURAS-Constitution, Government". 630Revenue, Population, and

Tr.lClo. . . • 630Diplomatic Representatives 632::Uonej", Weights and :\le.1·

stIres.. • 632Books of Reference. • 632

Constitution, Government. 634­Revenue, Expenditure, and

Army " • 635Public Debt • 636Area and Population . • 63STrade and Industry. • 639Diplomatic Representatives 642lUoney, Weights and )le.1-

.. sures.. • 6-13Books of !{efercnce. • 64:3

Constitution, Govcrnment , 645Revenue, Population, and

• • • 645Diplomatic Represent...itives 64:7

'Ycights and Mea.•sures.. • 647

Books of Reference. • 647

Constitution, Gorernment , 649Revenue, Public Debt, and

Army. • • . 050Area, Population, and Trado 651

xiii

PA.GE

Diplomatic Representatives 652\Veights and 1\rea-

sures • • 652Books of Reference. • 653

PERU-Constitution, Governmerrt . (jli4Education . . • 654Revenue, Army, and Na'1·. 655Area and Populatlon • • 656Trade and Indu.strJ". • 657Guano exports • • 650Nitre exports • • 659Railways: . • . • 660Siller nIines, produce of • 660Diplomatic Reprcscntutives 661

Weights and Mea-sures . 661

:Qooks of Reference. • 661

SALVADOR-Constitution, Goremment , 663Revenue, Population, and

Tr.lde. • . • 663Diplomatic Representatives G65Money, eights and 3Ica-

665Books of Referenco. • 665

SAX DO:JIIXGO-Constitution; Governmeut , 6GORevenue, Population, and

Tr.lde. . • • 666Diplomatic Representatives 66S}loney, Weights and Mea-

.5urcs . • 668Books of Reference. . 6G8

UNITED STATES-Constitution, Government • 660

UXITED Sr..1TES-

President • • • • 670• • • 073

Church and E<1uc.ltion • 675Revenue and Expenditure. 677NationJ.l Debt. • • 679ArnlY • 680Na,)· . . • • 682Are..l and Population . • 683Inlmigr..ltion • • . G90Trade and Navigation • 691Commercial Marine . 695Industry. •• 69 GRailwaysJ 'I'elegr..iphs and

• • • 701Diplomatic Repre.sentati\"es 702Mone)"', Weights and

r-.uxes • • • • 702Books of Reference. • 701

URUGUAY-Const itution, Govemmcnt • 706Revenue, Public Debt, and

ArnlY. • • • 70nPopulation and Trade • 707D iplornatic Reprcsenta ti res 710Money, 'Yeights and )Ica-

surrs. .• 710Books of Reference. • 710

V"ENEZUEL...\.-Constitution, Governmcnt , 712Revenue, Public Debt, and

Ann)". • • • 713Population, Trade, and In..

dustry • •• i13Diplomatic Representatives 716Mone}', 1Vtights and J1('8-

sures . • 716Booksof ReFerence. • 717

Government, Revenue, andArmy • • 721

Population, Trade, and In-dustry • 722

Jlone.)"J 'Yeights and )Ica-hurcs • 725

7'15

ALGERIA-

Dooks of Reference •

2. AFRICA.

CAPE OF GOODConstitution, Gorernment , 727Religion and Education • 728Revenue and Expenditure. 729Colonial Army. • • 729Area and Population. 730Trade and Commerce • 731:r.roney, ''''"eights and l\Icu..

Slues.. 733Books of Reference • 734

XlV Tun STATES)IAN'S YE ..\ll-BOOK, 1888.

pAGE

COXGO FREE STATE 736

EGi."PT-Itcicninc Khedive • • 738

Government,and Army • . • 739

Revenue and Expenditure'. 740Arc ..l. and Population 743Trade and Industry . 746Railw..l)9S, Telegraphs and

Post Office . 750The Suez Canal • • 7150Diplomatic Reprcsent.lti\es 752)Ione:r, '\T"eights and )!ea-

sures .• 752Books of Reference • 752

LIBERIA-Constitution and GO\E'rn..

"nlent". .• 7·j5Population, Revenue, and

Tr.Hlo. . . . 75·5Diplom.itic Representatives 7JG1Ioney, 'Ve1ghts aUf} ..

sures . 75GBooks of Reference • 757

lIADAGASC..\R-Reigning So\""ereign'

Government •• 758Population and Trade • 759Consular Representatives 760BOOKS of Reference. • 760

:nIAURITIUS-Constitution, Government , 762Revenue and Expenditure. 762.Arfa and Population. • 763Trade and Industry. • 764)loney, 'Yeights and 3Ica...

sures 76.jBooks of Reference • 765

PAGExrcnocoo.,

.Ileigning Sultan • • 7GGGovemmcnt and Religion , 7G6Area.Population, andTrade 767Diplomatic Representatives 70S)loney, Weights and ..

sures 768llo'tks of Reference. 76D

X.ATAL-Constitution, Government , 770Rerenue and Expenditure. 7ilArcc and Population 772TrJ.de and Commerce 772nooks of Reference • 77!

ORAXGE FREE STA.TE­Constitution and Govern..

ment. •• 7il>Revenue and Population • 776Trade and Industry • 77GBooks of Reference • 777

SOUTII AFRICA\.N REPUBLIC­Constitution and Govern-

ment • •• 778Revenue and Population • 77UTrade and Industry. • 780nooks of Reference • 781

TUNIS-Boy. • • • . 782Government, Revenue, and

Army. . . . 782Area, Population, and Trade 783:\Ioney, 'Veights and Mea ..

sure·s·. •• 785Books of Reference • 785

ZANZIBAR-Government, Revenue, 'and

Population • 787Commerce. 78SBooks of Reference • 789

796

3. ASIA.CHINA-

Reigning EmperorGo, ernment and Public

Revenue •• 796Religion and Education • 798Army and Navy. 790Area and Population. • 801Trade and Commerce • 802Diplomatic Representatives 806

CBYLOX-Constitution, tro\'ernment. 790Revenue and Expenditure 790X aval and :Uilitary Forces 791Education 791Population. • 792Trade and Industrj9. • 792

Weights, Measures 795nooks of Referenco. • 705

xv

PAGE

871

879• 880

Reigning Shah. • .Government, Religion, and

Education • • •Revenue and Army. •

Population, and 'badeDi ploma tic Hepresen tatives::\Ioncyt'Yeights and l\Iea-

surcs •Books of Reference •

Rciglllng So,ereign. . 850Constitution, Government • Sfi9Religion and Education . 8CIReveuue and Expendituro. 861Army and vs 8G2Population .• 862Trade and Industry SG;)

• • • SGiDiplomatic Representatives SG7

'Yeigl1ts and ::\Iea-sures • 8GS

Books of Reference. SuO

STRAITS SETTLE)[EXTS­

Constitution and Govern...ment • • • • 887

Revenue and Expenditure , 887Area and Population 888Trade and Commerce • 889

'Yeights and Mea-sures. . • • 891

Books of Reference. • 892

SIili.\[-Reigning IGng . 882Government, Revenue and

ArnlY. • • • 882Population and Trade • 883:nroneJY, 'Yeights and l\Iea-

sures • •• S8liDiplomaticRepresentatives SSGBooks of Referenc p • • 886

J.AP.AX-

819• 81D

855• 856

Constitution, Government , 826Revenue and Expenditure. S::!9Public Debt • 832Army • . • • 834Area and Population , 83.jReligious Creeds • 841Education • 842Agriculture • . • 84-4Commerce and Navigation 848Railways, Post, and Tele-

graphs • •• 8.33Money, 'Yeights and l\Iea-

surE's. • •Books of Reference •

HOXG I\:OXG-Constitution, Government , 821Rerenue and Expenditure. 821Area and Population . 822'I'rade and Commerce • 823

,Veights and 1fea-sures ••• 82-1

Books of Reference. • 825

DUTCII EAST IXDIES-Constit u t ion, Governrnen t , 81 3Revenue ned Expenditure 81-1A.rmyand Xavy • • 814Area. and Population. 815Trade and Commerce . 817Consular Representative • 818Money, '","eights and )Iea-

sures •Books of Reference •

('urSA--

Money, 'Yeights and )fea-sures • • SOa

Books of Reference. • 8U7

CORE.:\.-ConstitutioD, ArTIlY, Reli-

gion. • . • 810Trade 810

Books of Reference • 612

4. AUSTRALASIA.

Summary Tables.

1. Area and Population • 893 I II. Finances 894

xvi THE YE tR-nOOK, 1888.

Sou fII ACSTR \LI!.-

and Population , 928'Trade and Industry. . 929Railways, Post and Tcle ..

• • 930

TAS::\IA1\"IA-Government . 931

Church and Education • 932Revenue and Expenditure. 932Area and Population. • 933Tl"".lde and IndustIJ; . . 934Railways, Post and Tele-

graphs • • 936

'TICTORIA-Constitution, Government , 937Defences. • • • 938Church and Education . 939Revenue, Expenditure, and

Debt •• 040Area. and Population 942Trade and Commerce 944}Iining Industry . •Railways, Post and Tele-

graphs • • 947

.AUSTH.ALIA­Constitution, Government. 949Revenue and Expcndituro . 949Population and Trade . 950Agriculture and 9,12Il.rilways and Telegraphs. 952

..\.USTll ..\.L.\.SIAX FEDER..\.·TIOS . 952

Books of Reference' con-cerning Australasia • 955

PA.GE II

I

FIJI-Constitution and Gorern-

mcnt. . . • 805Religion and Education •.S9.jRevenue and Expenditure. SOGArea and Population. • 89iTrade and • 8D7

NE'V BOUTII 'YALES­Constitution} Gorernment , 890Religion and Education • 900Revenue and Expenditure. 901Area and Population. • 902Trade and . 903Railways • . • • 905Post and Telegraphs, &c. . 90G

XE"" ZEALAXD-Constitution, Govemmeut , DOiChurch and Education • 908Revenue and Exp pdituro. DOgArea ana Population. 911Tr..lde and Industry . 913Railwa.ys, Post nnd 'I'ele-

graphs, &c. . 917

Constitution, Gorernment. , 91 SDefence.. • 91DChurch and Education • 919Revenue and Expenditure. 919.Area and Population • 921'I'rade and Industry. • D22Railways, and Tele-

graphs. · 934

SOUTH AUSTRALIA­Constitution, Govemment , 926Revenue and Expenditure. 92i

llA'V.AII-Reigning King and Govern-

'meut'. • • • 950Revenue, Expenditure, and

Population. • • 900Commerce and Industry • DOl

I IIA".All-Diplomatic and Consular

• 9GlCurrency. • • • 961Books of Reference. 9G2

l"NDEX •

TSBLES. xvii

190 f132 :

140 I

131 !

113 I103

85 i79 {

75 I42 I22 I

2716 r

It

520 I:34:3 I,

307 :

48J I

134 i!146 :

260 Ii221 ;

206(

184265

468

187 I185

164

Population

0,900,975

4,390,857

37,091,56J.

28,247,151

3,991,499

4,852,914

29,943,607

46,855,704

28,318,470

0,420,199

1,995,185

3,182,003

38,218,903

2,940,602

39,6-10,83-1

23,070,688

16,670,146

1,9S0,2fjt}

4,708,178

5,500,000

1,937!172

17,226,251

1,979,453

4,790,000

88,200,353

6,676,189

4,717,189

1,959,COO

Area:Englishsq. miles

11,373

12,648

120,832

68,186

20,820

32,531

11-1,410

211,149

137,066

29,375

7,530

I.

"

1886

1885

1886

1886

1887

Year of: Icnumera-tion.

" 6,795.. 1886 201,092

1886 15,892

1886 240,94:2

.. 1886 115,903

.. 1886 125,030

.. 1880 14,12-1

1881 36,028

1887 48,307

188-1 18,800

• 1885 197,687

1881 25,014

1881 63,850

1883-86' 2,095,50-1

1885-86 293,848

1886 170,979

1885 122,869

--IOF POPULATIOX OF THE PRINCIPAL

OF EUROPE.

ITALY •

GER){ANY

Prussia •

Bavaria ..

Wlirltemberg

Saxony

FB.A.!{CE

..........

S

,I Al:STRIA.-HUNGARY

11 Austria.. ..I:Ii Hungary.I,; DEN:\U.RlC

; PORTCOAL ..

ii ROU}{'\:l{IA. •

'I' BUTI.&.

; SPAI:S-. ..\

I GRUC., TURlIBY IX EcnOPE

r Rt·&SIA J1( ECROPE

I AND NOR)YAY.

! Sweden. • •

:, Norway

K ETllERLANDS

GT.DRIT..1IX & lJUU.,A..",n

England and Wales.

Scotland. •I! Ireland

,-1,__-.--;-----=---__ 1

1I

Popn, per Istatos squareI mUe ,

xviii THB STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1883.

II.

r

OF TilE 'VORLD,:

PRINCIPAL STATES

Arranged in order of importance, (a) according to t?O number (in millions)of inhabitants, (b) according to the extent (In thousands of squaremiles) of BUrf.1CC.if-

Populn- I ThousandsStates (a) tion, in I States (1) of square

millionsI

miles

I

1. Empire of China 404 ! 1. British -Empire · 9,339

2. British Empire. 307 2. Russian Empire · 8,6t4

3. Russian Empire · 104 3. Chinese Empire · 4,180

4. France · 71 4. United States. 3,501

6. United States · 58 i 5. Brazil · · 3,219

6. German Empire 48J

6. Ottoman Empire 1,264· j ·7. Ottoman Empire 41 I 7. France · · · 1,139

8. Austria.n Empire 39 I 8..Argentine Republic. 1,125

9. Japan · · 38 I 9. Congo · · · 1,056

10. lIolLlnd · 31 10. Mexico · 751

11. Ital)" · · 30 1r. Portugal. · · 740

12._Congo 29 12. Holland • · · 672

]3.. Spain · 2t5 13. Gorman Empire · 6i3

14. Brazil 13 14. Persia · · 637

15. :Dlexico 15. Venezuela · 633

16. Portugal · 8 16. Bolivia · · · 502

17. Persi« · (?) "", 1 17. Peru 464'1.-

18"•. Argentine Republic 3 I 18.. Spain 302I

19. Peru. · · · 19..Austrian Empire · 24:1

2:0. Venezuela , · · 2 20. Japan · · 148

21. Bolivia · · · 2 21. Italy · 111

9 This and the following table;;, dealing with various aspects of the population of theearth, are based on those compiled by Professor E.. for the Jntemationalat ltistical Instrtnte, and publishel in their Bulletin;

--

COMPARATIVE TABLES.

III.

xix

POPULATION (IN l1IILLIOXS) OF TJIE EUROPE}..N STATES Iin the years 1800, 1830, 1860, 188O, and 1886.

I1800 1830 I 1860 1880

United Kingdom • · 161 24.!- 29 35! --'37-·-Holland · · 2 2! 31 4 41.

-l

Belgium - 31 4J.!.. 51 GFrance. 33 3,>1 37l 371 381-..Gcnnan Empire 27 - - 401- 47

"Confedcration • --- 351 - -

Prussia. .. · .. 8!. 13 IS! 27t 28l-.3Saxony. · · · 2 It 2 3 3J.

:..l

Hanoyer · 1 1)" l;I - --Bavaria · 2 4: 5:- 61

J.-Wiirttemberg 1 I! l:i 2 2'2 4Baden . . · 1:. It I.!:. It I.!

4 4: .2Switzerland • · }.3 2 2! 24 34Austrian Empire • 25 32 35 37!Portugal · · · 3 3 31 4!

1...1 ..Spain • · 10 11 O2 16l 17-Papal States. 2!. 2\- 3 - -J

71Naples, Kingdom. 4.1 - -':I:Italy, Kingdom • - - 22 28t 20tGreece. • • - '1 1.1 Iii 2· tTurkey in Europe. 9t , 151 8r 91· 9i .3

Sorvia. • • - 1 1.J. 22 4

Bulgaria · - - - 2Roumania · · · - - - if!. Iii

* .J

Poland. · - 4 41 - 7Finland • • -- I!. 2 2.1

.3Russia. in Europe • · 35 40 83 88Sweden. • • 2} 31 ·fl 4.1 I

4It

J 4- 1Norway · } 2!. 2 2IDenmark · 2 21 2 2· J I

Europe . · 175 216 289 331 34:7 j- - - - -- - -- .:-

xx THU T.\TJ.;S:\{.\:\'s YEAR-nooK, 1883.

IV'.

GRO'VTH OF POPULATION IN EUROPEAs estimated by the authors and at the dates mentioned.

Popu­IatronA.uthority

1"Confronti Inter-} lfillionsl nazionali' " 255

Levass cur • " 289lIausncr. • • 284Berg-Lana .. 293Behm and 'Yagner.. 301Levasseur" 326

331I3eh:n and 328Levasseur ,,34:7

Date

1850

18601861,187118741878

1

188018821886

Voltaire "

ExpillyMOheauLevasseurAlmanack de Gotha.Balbi • • ..Alma1Ulck de Gotha. "Le1"8JJ8eurBerg-Lona

Date

1750

17621778180018101828182918301841

__I 1__.,__- , _

:lhllions130

130150175180228214216231

v.TERRITORIAL C1IANGES IN EUROPE

From 1829 to 1888, and amount (in square miles) of area ceded.

Tcrritors trans!erreu.A.rea insquaremiles

u

) ]829

1830-3918311846

1848-58

1859I 1860I

!

I 1861!1858-61I

1 18651870

u

18701871

I "I

Gret"re separated from Turkey. • " •IndependenCf' of Servia ncknowledged "Belgium sepamted frolU Holland _"Xingdom of Poland suppressed .... "Republic of Cracow united to Austria. "

from vsseslsblp to Prussia. •Hohcnzollern ceded to Prussia... .. • •Part. of taken from Russia. and given to

.. • " • • • " •Lombardy (excepting Mantua) ceded to Piedmont ..:Modena, Parma, Tuscany, Romagn», Naples, Sicily,

Umbria, and Marches ceded to PiedmontSavoy and Xice ceded to France • • • •Kingdom of Ita]y founded. • • _ " •Roumania constituted Ly the union of the two princi-

palities, '\Vallaehia and l'IoIdavia • •Lauenburg ceded to Prussia • .. .. " •Hanover, Nassau, Frankfort, Schle8wig-Holstein, and

part of Baval"ia. ceded to PrussiA.. • "Venetia and MantuA. Cededto Italy "Rome ceded to Italy , •• ""AIB1\Ce-Lorraine ceded to Germany" "

by Turkey to Roumanis, • ••Ceded to Russia •• •••Ceded to Servia.. • ""Ceded to Montenf>gro • • • • •

18,90014,43611,37449,157

4503124tl

4,2867,491

68,00648,.5{)6

100,231

48,91640{

27,4039,5824,6015,6026,1054,2864,3231,;01

TERRll0RI...\L CIIAXGES IN EUROPE-coutinurd.

Date

COlIPARATIVE TABLES.

Territory transferred

xxi

Area of Isquaremile'S.

---I

"

1878 Principality of Bulgaria. created, remaining tributaryto TurkcJ' • • . • . • • •

Bosnia and Herzegovina. put under the administrationof Austria.. • • • • •

1881 'I'bessaly and part of Epirus ceded to Greece1885 Eastern Roumclia. united to Bulgaria .

1878-86 Total loss of territory to Turkey in Europe

24,700

19.734:5,162

13,86175,588

POPULATION (in millions] OF THE FI\"E GREAT DIVISIOXS OF

THE WORLD, estimated at five successive periods.

Divisions I 1810 182G I 1845 1874 1886

Millions )liUion'S )IillioDS )I1llion3Europe · 180 214: 245 301 34:7Asia. • 380 481 600 798 789Africa. · · 99 90 203 197America · · 21 40 DO 85 112Oceania 2 3 24: 4 38

The World. · ( 682 I 8-17f

1)009 1,391 I 1,483- -

VII.

ESTIMATED POPULATION (in millions) OF THE WORLDfrom 1660 to 1886: according to various authorities, as quoted below.

DatE Authority I Authority PopulationIn millions'l in millionsl I

--1-1660 Riccioli ·I 1,000 111828: B.llbi. • 8471690 Vossius . • :>00 \1829

1Almanach de Gotha • 847

1750 Voltairo 900 ;18-13' Berghaus , • • 1»2721760 Sussmilch 1,080 118i51 Dictionnairede1769 Wallace 1,000 I sas and ...lIichclot • 1.00917i8 l'Ioheau 950 1859 Dieterici. • . 1,2881804 Volney. · 437 11866 Eehm • • 1,8501804 Malte-Brun • 640 1874 Behm and Wagner • 1,3911810 Almanacb.de Gotna 682 Levasseur • 1,439182n Hassel. . 038 1883 .Behmand Wagner • 1,4331825 Stein . · 88! 1886 Levasseur . ],483

I

XIii THE YE.\R-BOOK, 1888.

VIII.

BRITISH EXPORTS: INCltE.A.SE .AND:EOR 1885 188G.

Exports of British home produceISSS 1886

Tncrenee l +) orto the followiug Countries Diminution (-)

ill the year

£ s: £

British India. • · 29,288,637 31,340,212 +2,051,605United States , · · · 21,993,821 26,824,876 + 4,831,055Australasia · 25,166,766 22,383,294 -2,783,472Germany · · 16,415,984 15,676,320 - 739,664France · · 14,978,990 13,614,282 -1,36",708Holland · . · 8,878,080 8,195,974 - 682,10&British Xorth America · 7,206,183 7,888,867 + 682,684Belgium. · 7,8l16,357 7,126,635 - 6i9,722Italy · · 6,627,165 6,092,470 - 534,695Brazil 5,348,844 6,069,429 + 720,585Turkey. • .. .. 6,132,795 D,901,531 - 228,26-1China (excl, liang Kong) · 0,187,288 5,249,056 + 61,768Argentina Republic 4,660,460 5,190,577 + 530,117Russia · . . . . 4,191,552 4,424,317 + 232,765Cape of Good Hope and Natal 3,824,537 3,304,132 - 620)4.05Sweden and Norway 3,509,418 3,271,09-1 - 238,324Spain · · · 3,163,234 3,108,636 - 54,598Egypt · · · · 3,481,538 2,858,076 - 623,462Hong Ii:ong · 3,757,523 2,310,532 -1,4-16,991Japan .. · · · 2,077,287 2,169,590 + 92,303Straits Settlements. 2,345,102 2,104,114 - 240,988Portugal · . 1,748,231 1,840,643 + 92,412Spanish WerstIndies 1,461,920 1,74CJ,04:3 + 278,123Denmark · . 1,903,056 1,729,589 - 173,466British West Indies ., 1,815,{)55 1,691,607 - 124,348Chili · 1,404,866 1,608,935 + 204,069Java 1,564,346 1,266,675 - 297,671Uruguay · · · 1,406,742 1,254,468 - 152,274:Greece .. · .. 873,678 984)591 + 110,913Colombia. · 66(4124 929,721 + 2(9)385

I Roumania . 791,885 939,509 + 137,836i Malta and G020 · 1,021,282 923,839 - 103,443I Austrian Territories · .. 788,426 905,985 + 117,5591 Mexico. .. · .. 796,011 + 104,688; Peru · . . . 704,151 86-4:,057 + 159,906_! Philippines and Ladrones 950,962 839,568 - 116,394 ,I ..

COMPARATIVE ,T,,\BLES.

IX.

:xxiii

I-,

BRITISH IMPORTS: IXCREASE A1'D IFOR 1885 1886. I

jImport-s Into the Untted KingGom 183:; 1856 IIncrease (+), or I

nom the followipg Countnes Dinunution (_)during the) ear

1I

s: s: eUnited States, America. · 86,478,813 81,600,197 - 4,878,616France · · · 35,709,787 36,599,450 + 889,663British India. · · · 3J,882,665 32,130,007 + 247,842Holland · · · 25,309,949 + 300,367Germany · · 23,069,163 21,422,342 - 1,646,821Australasia · 23,325,287 20,954,440 - 2,370,84:7Belgium. · · 15,070,121 14,248,151 - 821,970Russia . . . · 17,711,426 13,571,786 - 4,139,640British North America · 10,347,190 10,415,388 + 68,198Sweden and Korwa:r 10,941,590 10,227,401 - 714,189Spain · . . . 9,464,627 9,112,025 - 852,602China (excl. lIong Kong) 8,614,069 8,040,938 - 573,131Egypt • · 8,818,376 7,256,759 - 1,561,617Denmark · . . . 4,820,515 4,936,992 + 107,477Oape of Good Hope and Nntal 4,456,450 4,670,765 + 214,315Straits Scttlerncnts , 4,4-12,166 4,372,622 - 69,544Turkey. 4,680,63i 4,15-1,720 - 525 ,917Brazil · · 4,085,209 3,461,135 - 62l,074Ja\1t · 3,048,696 3,158,778 + 110,082Italy · 3,009,499 2,773,573 - 235,926Roumania · 2,757,926 2,649,718 - 108,208Portugal · · 2,670,855 2,547,901 - 122,954Chili · 2,490,245 2,277,437 - 218,808 ICeylon 2,389,492 2,083,636 - 305,856 IPeru · . . 1,884 ,852 1,665,12r - 219,731 !Argentine Republic 1,878,921 1,646,33G - 232,585,Austrian Territories 2,157,570 1,62'1,515 - 636,055Hong Kong 968,414 1,556,062 + 587,648Greece 1,912,804 1,645,798 - 367,006Central Americn. 1,065,131 1,117,042 - 51,911Channel Islands · 809,878 911,570 + 101,692Philippines and Ladrones 980 ,090 796,747 - 183,343Algeria. • · · 885,621 701,398 - 184,223The Gold Coast · 738,538 670,394 - 68,144M.exico • III ,. · · 724.847 591,287 - 133,560Japan · · .. · 492,804 665,813 + 73,009

xxlv THE YEAR-BOOK, 1888.

Al:STRIA...HU.NGARY, p. 26.

The following table shows the values of tho leading imports for 1886:-

Imports Florins Imports Florins

Cotton and cotton goods 67,104,045 Leatherand IC.lther goods 16,220,D30"Tool and woollen goods 59,891,838 Literature and art. • 15,322,868Silk and silk goods 31,495,420 Cattle 14,686,857Tobacco 32,779,391 Fats and oils 12,707,136Animal product'S 32,100,415 Dyes and colours • 11,668,4:96Coffee 31,174,028 I nstruments, clocks, &c. 1],860,463Grain , pulse, &c.• 23,599.664 Iron and iron goods 8,882,664:Flax, hemp, jute, &c. 23,01.3,002 Other metals and goods 9,98L836Vegetables, fruit, &c. 18,188,936 Machinery • . 9,670,882Fuel 16)800,597 Chemicals . 11,566,031

The total value of Austrian imports in 1886 (excluding gold, silver, andbullion) was l.i39,223,418 florins, The imports were dividedamong the variouscountries as follows c-s-

Countries I Florins I Countries I1i

Germany • 333)458,308 Italy . 18,OiO.037Russia 23)464,892 Switzerland 9,559,611Roumania 10)094,153 By Trieste 94,380,122Servia 10,698,518 By Flume, &c•• 83,410,920Turkey • 790,774lIontenegro . 296,083 Total 639,223,418

REPCBLIC, p. 053.

The following are the budget estimates for 1888:-

Dollars

61,891,255

12,813,02119,283,631

1,269,138i,851,IOli,905,2302,769,23!

Total

ExpenditureDollars \\

38,916,uOO li-In-t-er-i-c..r---.---l------J

3,088,600 I Finance. •3,200,000 Foreign Affairs2,768,000 I Instruction •

'Var •1.3iO,OOJ , :\Iarinc

:11,561,200 'I

53,74'3,800 if IITotal

Income

Import dues •StampsCity taxesRailways.Post-office and tele­

graphs.Banks •Sundries •

• There is also an additional duty of 1 per cent. on the imports.