ielts leader - vocabulary list

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WORD LIST 1 : TEST 1

REGULATION (n) - Sự điều chỉnh,quy định, quy tắc - an authoritative rule

If you're trying to remember what a regulation is, think about the phrase "rules and regulations." regulations are

often set by governing bodies of a sport or other activity - thus, there is an accepted regulation-size soccer ball,

set by fifa, professional soccer's governing body.

Eg 1 : Other european countries, notably the netherlands, adopted stricter regulations.

Eg 2 : Many government agencies are in charge of regulating industries, setting up regulations that companies

need to follow to keep us all safe.

DIVERT (v) - Làm trệch đi, làm trệch hướng - turn aside; turn away from

To divert means to shift or turn from one thing to another. a magician might attempt to divert your attention as

he shoves the rabbit into the hat

Eg 1 : Russian president vladimir putin retaliated by saying moscow would divert more energy resources to asia.

Eg 2 : What heavy lifting it would take to divert wealth back downwards.

COMPLACENT (adj) - Tự mãn,bằng lòng, vừa ý, thoả mãn - contented to a fault with oneself or one's actions

Someone who is complacent has become overly content : the junk-food-eating couch potato might be feeling

complacent about his health

Eg 1 : If you go in complacent, you wind up on the losing end

Eg 2 : But mr. scaroni knows he cannot be complacent.

LEVY (v, n) - Thu thuế,tuyển quân - impose and collect,assemble or enlist in the military

Use the word levy as you would use the word tax: "when the state government imposed a levy on soft drinks,

thousands of citizens took to the streets in protest"

Eg 1 : A hefty tax is usually levied on cash brought back from overseas.

Eg 2 : Last fall, medicare began sharing the pain, levying financial penalties such as reduced reimbursements to

hospitals when too many recently released patients return.

ELIMINATE (v) - Loại ra, loại trừ,hủy - terminate, end, or take out

As eliminate means "get rid of or do away with," it has become used to refer to the end of a problem or even an

entire species. we need to eliminate sources of pollution in order to maintain a healthy world

Eg 1 : Others already have axed sports teams and even eliminated teaching positions, but still may have to tap

savings just to make it through year’s end.

Eg 2 : Officials this year eliminated high school math and science teaching positions and cut baseball, cross-

country and swimming.

PARAMETER (n) - Thông số, tham số, tham biến - a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield

a family of similar curves

A parameter is a limit. in mathematics a parameter is a constant in an equation, but parameter isn't just for math

anymore: now any system can have parameters that define its operation. you can set parameters for your class

debate

Eg 1 : While setting some parameters is necessary, overly restricting social media use is counter-productive.

Eg 2 : The commissioner knew what parameters were acceptable and moved in that direction.

EXEMPTION (n) - Sự miễn (thuế...) - an act exempting someone

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When you get an exemption, you don't have to do something. in the sixties, some people got exemptions from

military service during the vietnam war.

Eg 1 : Tax exemption is a powerful tool, as the boy scouts of america are about to find out.

Eg 2 : Exemption can cover income taxes and property taxes too.

BELATED (adj) - đến muộn, đến chậm - after the expected or usual time; delayed

Something belated comes after the fact. if you are late to deliver a birthday greeting, then make it a "happy

belated birthday" card

Eg 1 : He simply wanted the money, perhaps a belated birthday present after he turned 50 last month.

Eg 2 : Sixty years later, mr. brickman has helped to see belated justice done.

OBSOLESCENCE (n) - Sự mai một - the process of becoming obsolete; falling into disuse or becoming out of date

Fashion trends come and go, and often return after a time. but gimmicky fads quickly fall into obsolescence, losing

appeal and falling out of sight - do you know anyone who still has a pet rock?

Eg 1 : And in our own fallen times, when record stores are heading toward obsolescence?

Eg 2 : Under a strategy of planned obsolescence, consumers are being asked to discard their technology devices

long before their useful life has ended.

SPECIFICATION (n) - Ghi rõ, định rõ, chi tiết, đặc điểm - a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of

work

In the 17th century, the word specification emerged with the meaning of giving something a specific quality. the

technical meaning, applied to building and engineering plans, developed in the late 18th century. the meaning of

the word is precise, referring to specific plans, although just because it's a specification doesn't mean it is

accurate.

Eg 1 : In the past, boeing had given its suppliers very detailed specifications.

Eg 2 : Qualcomm has not released any detailed specifications at this point.

CONCEPTUAL (adj) - Thuộc quan niệm, nhận thức - being or characterized by concepts or their formation

Something is conceptual when it deals primarily with abstract or original thoughts. a conceptual plan is one in an

early stage. to make it work, you'll need to flesh out the details.

Eg 1 : Some of this labor involves the french moving into conceptual space that was seen, not so long ago, as

indisputably american.

Eg 2 : If you're conceptual, writing down goals probably seems pointless.

REPLICATE (v) - Bản sao - make an exact copy of; reproduce

Did you just figure out how to make that excellent pizza you had in philadelphia? then what you've done is

replicate it, meaning you've been able to reproduce it.

Eg 1 : Graduate students could, in addition to learning the guidelines, train by replicating published studies.

Eg 2 : Energy and infrastructure loan programs first put into action in the last four years are being replicated by

numerous other countries around the world.

SOLDER (v, n) - Hợp kim (để) hàn, chất hàn - join or fuse with solder

If you want to be a metalsmith you'll have to become familiar with solder, which is the substance you use to fuse

two metal surfaces

Eg 1 : That meant lanza required special supervision when using soldering tools, for instance

Eg 2 : Solder these two pipes together


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RELIABILITY (n) - Sự đáng tin cậy - the quality of being dependable or reliable

It's nice when someone compliments your reliability because it means they think you are dependable. things that

are known for reliability? your best friend, sunrise, sunset and unfortunately also taxes.

Eg 1 : In the context of the electric power grid, resilience is not reliability.

Eg 2 : But reliability alone is not an adequate customer draw.

MANUFACTURE (v) - Sản xuất - produce naturally

To manufacture something, is to make or construct it, usually for industry and sale. unless you make all your own

clothes, a company probably had to manufacture them.

Eg 1 : Across europe, surveys showed manufacturing contracting in every country except germany.

Eg 2 : The dog food, all manufactured at a plant in kansas city, kansas, was recalled across eight midwestern

states.

COMPLIANCE (n) - Bằng lòng, ưng thuận - the act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another

Compliance is what you do when you try to fit standards set down by someone else. a restaurant chef's

compliance with a new sugar-free menu might inspire even the pastry chefs to follow the recipes

Eg 1 : We will be increasing both compliance and customer support staff in the coming weeks

Eg 2 : The compliance board rejected several arguments the regents advanced seeking to justify what happened.

INTEGRAL (adj, n) - Phần quan trọng - existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

Something that is integral is very important or necessary. if you are an integral part of the team, it means that the

team cannot function without you

Eg 1 : Seller financing is an integral part of today's business-for-sale marketplace

Eg 2 : In fact, they play an integral role in the city's vibrant informal economy.

LEGISLATION (n) - Lập pháp,pháp luật - the act of making or enacting laws

Legislation is the act or process of making or enacting laws. some people think there should be more legislation in

the area of education and some people think there should be less - governments debates the matter periodically.

Eg 1 : Call me cynical, but the legislation might have a marginal effect at best.

Eg 2 : The bonus rules will come as part of wider legislation setting higher capital standards for banks, increasing

their costs and curbing freedom to hike salaries.

VENDOR (n) - Người buôn bán - someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money

If you are a vendor, it means you're a person selling something, whether it's hot dogs from a food cart or

computer software for a tech company

Eg 1 : Managers were authorized to make small purchase decisions and vendor selections.

Eg 2 : During strata 2013, i had nearly 30 vendor meetings in three days.

SUBSTANCE (n) - Chất,của cải - the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

Any material that possesses physical properties is called a substance. the word also refers to the gist or main idea

of something. if you remember the main point of a lesson, you've got the substance

Eg 1 : He reportedly has been charged with possession of controlled substance, cannabis and paraphanalia.

Eg 2 : Sugar, salt and fat get lumped together in physiological terms as addictive substances.

AGITATE (v) - Lay động, rung động,xúi giục, khích động - move or cause to move back and forth


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Agitate means to stir up. if you watch a horror movie at bedtime, you may be too agitated to sleep. movies like

that can agitate all sorts of adrenaline responses in the body.

Eg 1 : The implication agitated him, but lewis said he was “too blessed to be stressed”.

Eg 2 : Unlike other republican leaders, walker doesn't have to worry about impatient conservatives agitating for

change.

CATHOLIC () - Rộng khắp; phổ biến;đạo thiên chúa, công giáo - free from provincial prejudices or attachments

When capitalized, catholic refers to the catholic church. with a lower-case "c," catholic means "universal" and

"inclusive." if you listen to anything from hip-hop to baroque, you have catholic taste in music

Eg 1 : He said his son started a music career in oakland after attending two catholic high schools.

Eg 2 : Roman catholic church hopes to name replacement for pope benedict before easter.

PROGENY (n) - Con cái, con cháu, dòng dõi - the immediate descendants of a person

A sing-song rhyme may help in remembering the word progeny: "all of you, all of me, together we make progeny."

the "you" and "me" can be a man and a woman making a baby, or trees and plants making little offshoots, or

progeny of their own.

Eg 1 : Mohammad is just a man; progeny of human beings.

Eg 2 : Natural selection might be expected to favour the progeny of men who enjoy bringing them up.

COMPATIBLE (adj) - Thích hợp, phù hợp - able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination

A word that comes up a lot in discussions of both food and people pairings, compatible speaks to a person or

thing's ability to exist agreeably with something or someone else

Eg 1 : But mobile devices are less compatible with one another.

Eg 2 : Rusu said the company looked at offerings last summer and liked that embrane's product was compatible

with any underlying hardware.

PROPAGATE (v) - Truyền bá, lan truyền - become distributed or widespread

To propagate is to be fruitful and multiply, by the usual routes of reproduction, or by spreading something around

- like a rumor

Eg 1 : "there are many chefs unintentionally propagating this phenomena," she said.

Eg 2 : In fact, the radio waves cannot propagate unless the tunnel walls are separated by more than half a

wavelength.

HYBRID (n) - Ghép ,lai - a composite of mixed origin

A hybrid is a mixture of two different things, resulting in something that has a little bit of both.

Eg 1 : It has been interesting see people inventing hybrid models.

Eg 2 : Even hybrids will have trouble reaching below 90 grams of co/km.

COAST (n) - Bờ biển - the shore of a sea or ocean

The noun coast describes the area where the land meets the sea - the seashore. when you're mom says, "we're

going to the coast," pack your bathing suit, because you'll be near the ocean

Eg 1 : There are typically 11 cyclones per season off australia northwest and northeast coasts

Eg 2 : The coast guard then lost communications with the caller, officials said.

PRESERVE (v) - Bảo quản, bảo tồn, duy trì - keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction

When you preserve something, you maintain its condition, like trying to preserve your good health by exercising


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regularly and eating right

Eg 1 : Mass spectrometry identified organic molecules characteristic of creosote and frankincense, both used for

preserving tissue

Eg 2 : Royal decree has preserved this eloquent testimony of atrocity so that the people might no longer remain in

forgetfulness.

ACCOMPANY (v) - đi cùng,kèm theo - go or travel along with

The verb accompany means to keep someone company, or to be their companion on a trip or journey. in a

musical sense, accompany means to play background music for the lead singer or soloist

Eg 1 : Obama wants cuts accompanied by closing tax loophole for the wealthy, in effect new taxes.

Eg 2 : Kids between 12 and 17 are welcome if accompanied by a parent.

GENUS (n) - Phái, giống,loại - group containing one or more species

A genus is a class or group of something. in biology, it's a taxonomic group covering more than one species

Eg 1 : There may be other such unique systems in this genus as well.

Eg 2 : Attapsenius, a distantly related genus found solely within the fungus gardens of leaf cutter ants in south

america, serves to demonstrate.

CONSIDERABLE (adj) - đáng kể, to tát - large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

Use the adjective considerable to describe something that is large in amount. things you probably spend a

considerable amount of time on: homework and laundry. things you'd rather spend time on: anything that isn't

homework and laundry!

Eg 1 : No experience or reservations required, but expect considerable exercise.

Eg 2 : Twelve months later, this past june, butte residents rejected the ordinance by a considerable margin.

UTILIZE () - Lợi dụng, sử dụng - put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent

or natural purpose

To utilize is to use what you have or what's available, and it's a three-syllable word meaning the same thing as the

one-syllable "use."

Eg 1 : Utilizing the human need to feel included has another added virtue.

Eg 2 : Utilize data whenever possible, and avoid logical fallacies at all costs.

PALATABLE (adj) - Có thể chấp nhận được - acceptable to the taste or mind

Something that is palatable is acceptable to one’s sense of taste-literally or figuratively. if it's palatable, then you

can put up with it - whether it's leftovers or a mediocre made-for-tv movie

Eg 1 : adaptation in brain reward circuitry underlie palatable food cravings and anxiety induced by high-fat diet

withdrawal•.

Eg 2 : Native peoples in both hemispheres seem to have considered beech oranges at least palatable.

FREQUENCY (n) - Tần suất - the number of occurrences within a given time period

Frequency measures how often things repeat over time. city buses often reach stops at a frequency of every 15

minutes, unless it's snowing or raining really hard. in that case, the frequency will slow

Eg 1 : Fishing for compliments.post frequency: daily.pet content: high, always dog

Eg 2 : Spins rotate around the applied magnetic fields with a distinct frequency

CONSUMPTION (n) - Sự tiêu thụ, sự tiêu dùng - the act of consuming something


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Consumption means using, buying or eating something. if we don't reduce our energy consumption, we will run

out of fuel. conspicuous consumption is buying something to show off

Eg 1 : He said increases planned in excise taxes were likely to have a bigger impact on consumption.

Eg 2 : She hopes to continue studying problematic alcohol consumption and drug abuse.

MARINE (adj) - (thuộc) biển - of or relating to the sea

If it has to do with the ocean or sea, you can call it marine. your friend in us armed services who is a marine

probably spends a lot of time near the ocean

Eg 1 : Her research is on ecosystem-based management, ecosystem services valuations, and marine spatial

planning.

Eg 2 : The varied and widespread symptoms of nitrogen pollution are grassland changes, acidic soils, stressed

biodiversity, marine pollution, algal blooms and dying fish.

TERRESTRIAL (adj) - ở trên mặt đất,ở cạn - of or relating to or characteristic of the planet earth or its inhabitants

Not straying far from its latin root "terra" meaning "earth," terrestrial means "of the earth." if it's terrestrial, you'll

find it on earth. if it's extra terrestrial, you'll find it emerging from a ufo

Eg 1 : Changes in terrestrial plant and animal species ranges are shifting the location and extent of biomes, and

altering ecosystem structure and functioning

Eg 2 : Terrestrial species are moving up in elevation at rates 2 to 3 times greater than initial estimates

SUPPLANT (v) - Hất cẳng (ai) - take the place or move into the position of

Kate was out sick for a month with mono, and when she came back to school, jessie had supplanted her as the

funny girl at the lunch table. supplant means to take the place of.

Eg 1 : That prospect has receded, supplanted by talk of a bigger single currency area.

Eg 2 : The computer has supplanted the slide rule

ULTIMATE (adj) - Tối đa,tối cao - furthest or highest in degree or order

The last in a series can be described as the ultimate. a cheeky kid, when asked what she wants to be when she

grows up, might say, "i want to be an actress, a singer, and a veterinarian, but my ultimate goal is to be president

of the united states."

Eg 1 : The appeals court's ultimate decision after wednesday's hearing could be the final word on the matter.

Eg 2 : Grandma was recognized as the ultimate authority in the clark house.

COMMONPLACE (adj) - Tầm thường,cũ rích - completely ordinary and unremarkable

Eg 1 : The author and his family are not immune from the broken homes, drug abuse, alcoholism, prostitution and

violence so commonplace in the city.

Eg 2 : Kids exposed to a commonplace chemical early in life are more likely to have asthma, according to a

published today.

COMPLEMENT (n) - Bổ sung,làm đầy - something added to complete or embellish or make perfect

A complement is something that makes up a satisfying whole with something else. those shiny red shoes you just

bought complement your shiny red purse.

Eg 1 : All the other mediums are being augmented and complemented by social

Eg 2 : A fine wine is a perfect complement to the dinner


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COLLEAGUE (n) - đồng nghiệp - an associate that one works with

A colleague is someone you work with at your job. when you are a teacher, the other teachers are your

colleagues. when you work as a cashier at 7-11, the guy at the deli counter is your colleague as well

Eg 1 : Nina kraus and her colleagues at the auditory neuroscience laboratory at northwestern university are doing

interesting work in this area

Eg 2 : More importantly, tucker and his colleagues said they were still keen on quantitative easing

REVENUE (n) - Thu nhập - the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

Revenue is money earned by a business, or income received by the government from taxes. the government is

always interested in dreaming up new sources of revenue, and so is the average head of a company unless she

doesn't want to be the head anymore.

Eg 1 : Any new revenue gained from closing tax loopholes, he said, should now be put into lowering tax rates.

Eg 2 : Metropcs reported a 65 percent fall in quarterly net profit last week as revenue growth slowed for the

eighth straight quarter.

PRESENCE (, n) - Sự có mặt - the state of being present; current existence

Presence is the state of being somewhere. when you get an invitation that reads "your presence is requested,"

you are being asked to show up. your style of being there - your demeanor or bearing - is also your presence

Eg 1 : Despite a modest measure of charm in private conversations, louis never developed a compelling public

presence

Eg 2 : The decline has been largely attributed to the increased presence of armed guard detachments on board

merchant vessels

INSURMOUNTABLE (adj) - Không vượt qua được (vật chướng ngại...) - not capable of being surmounted or

overcome

The adjective insurmountable describes some barrier that is incapable of being overcome. the great wall of china

was meant to be an insurmountable deterrent to would-be invaders

Eg 1 : There are two seemingly insurmountable obstacles plaguing solar manufacturers right now: silicon prices

and china.

Eg 2 : So long as standards are properly set, and enforced, these differences should not prove insurmountable.

ENHANCE (, v) - Cải thiện - increase

Many people use the expression "enhance your chance" to point out ways to increase your chances of winning or

earning a contest or prize. when you enhance something, you heighten it or make it better

Eg 1 : This sauce will enhance the flavor of the meat

Eg 2 : This will enhance your enjoyment

IMMEDIACY (n) - Sự lập tức, sự tức thì - the quickness of action or occurrence

This word is a member of the "immediate" family

Eg 1 : Ms. jensen said these personal introductions were in keeping with the immediacy of his work

Eg 2 : Municipal debt may be much smaller, but sometimes immediacy counts more than size

CONSCIOUS (adj) - Tỉnh táo, có ý thức - intentionally conceived

Conscious is a latin word whose original meaning was "knowing" or "aware." so a conscious person has an

awareness of her environment and her own existence and thoughts. if you're "self-conscious," you're overly

aware and even embarrassed by how you think you look or act. but that sounds better than being unconscious, or


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totally unaware and out of it

Eg 1 : But many millennials did, in fact, become more conscious about conserving energy

Eg 2 : We kind of stopped doing that in later years, but this time, we made a conscious decision

EFFICACY (n) - Tính hiệu quả; hiệu lực - capacity or power to produce a desired effect

Efficacy is a more formal way to say effectiveness, both of which stem from the latin verb efficere "to work out,

accomplish." the effectiveness, or efficacy, of something is how well it works or brings the results you hoped for.

Eg 1 : There is still only limited data on the device’s efficacy

Eg 2 : A scientist does research to determine the efficacy of a vaccine or medicine under development. if it is

efficacious, it will cure or prevent a disease.

DISPARAGE (v) - Chê bai; coi rẻ, xem thường - express a negative opinion of

If you haven't got anything nice to say, then it's time to disparage someone. it means to belittle or degrade a

person or idea.

Eg 1 : Usually the perpetrator turns up and he's very disparaging about the victim.

Eg 2 : This movement twisted historical events and wrote material brimming with native valour, disparaging to

other countries

COMPRESSION (n) - Sự ép, nén, cô đọng - applying pressure

Whenever something is squished together, compression takes place, like a tight bandage around your sprained

ankle - the compression helps protect it from further injury

Eg 1 : Most other image compression systems, such as the widely used jpeg format, are applied after an image has

been snapped

Eg 2 : While in the hospital, he sustained a compression fracture in his lower spine, then developed an infection in

that same area

OBSTACLE (n) - Sự cản trở,chướng ngại vật - something that stands in the way and harm your intention

When the road is blocked ahead of you, that blockage is an obstacle that keeps you from getting where you want

to go

Eg 1 : But security remains a major obstacle to rebuilding.

Eg 2 : There are formidable obstacles in the way of this particular scheme


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OPTIMISTIC (adj) - Lạc quan - expecting the best in this best of all possible worlds

An optimistic person thinks the best possible thing will happen, and hopes for it even if it's not likely. someone

who's a tad too confident this way is also sometimes called optimistic.

Eg 1 : With four days left on kickstarter, we are remaining optimistic that the community can pull this one out in

dramatic fashion

Eg 2 : Second sight said it was optimistic that insurance would cover it

IMPLEMENT (n, v) - Thi hành, thực hiện,bổ sung - pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue or apply in

a manner consistent with its purpose or design

The noun implement is a very useful word for just about anything you want to describe as a tool or a thing that

helps you do something. an implement can be as simple as chimpanzees using a stick to eat ants with or a

bulldozer that moves huge amounts of earth in building. the word relates to something that "fills up" a house, as

in all sorts of things that allow a house to work properly

Eg 1 : Patents were never intended to protect broad, abstract concepts that can be implemented in many

different ways

Eg 2 : A complete redesign could take around nine months to implement, he said

CONSULTATIVE (adj) - Tư vấn - giving advice

You’re probably familiar with the verb consult, which means "get advice." consultative is just the adjective form of

that verb. consultative can be used to describe anything or anyone in the business of providing advice or counsel.

It’s often used to refer to a formal group, such as a consultative committee that advises a government, or a

company that provides consultative services in a particular area of expertise.

Eg 1 : Denis bradley of the consultative group on the past said northern ireland had moved forward politically.

Eg 2 : In important matters, as well as in the smallest, she has both a consultative and deliberative voice

EXPLICIT (adj) - Rõ ràng, dứt khoát, nói thẳng - anything explicit is very clear, whether it's instructions or a dirty

movie.

Thanks to parental-advisory warnings about "explicit language" or "explicit violence," you might think this word

only applies to things that are dirty, naughty, or adult in some way. that is a common meaning of explicit, but it's

not the only meaning. this also means anything that is clear and easy to understand. explicit orders are easy to

carry out; explicit instructions are easy to follow. when someone is explicit, they're not beating around the bush

or being confusing

Eg 1 : Once again, the relationship between data and advertising is made explicit

Eg 2 : Flexible pay could increase to twice fixed salary, but only with explicit shareholder approval

SEGMENT (n, v) - đoạn, khúc, đốt, miếng - one of the parts into which something naturally divides

A segment is one of several pieces that together create a whole. you could offer a segment of your orange to your

girlfriend as a valentine's day gift. She’ll probably enjoy the orange, but she may break up with you.

Eg 1 : Woo believes the company will focus on more than just growing new segments of its business going forward

Eg 2 : Still, there are ways to wall off or split up the most critical segments of infrastructure-and to monitor further

efforts to break in

GEAR (n, adj) - Cơ cấu, thiết bị,lên số,đẩy nhanh - equipment consisting of miscellaneous articles needed for a

particular operation or sport etc.


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The noun gear refers to several things. first, it’s the equipment we need for a sport or event. a gear is also a wheel

with teeth that interlocks with another gear to transmit motion in a machine.

Eg 1 : As iran gears up for elections in june, the fanfare of vetting a presidential candidate list is once again in full

swing

Eg 2 : He struggled mightily in his first month, with defenses geared up to shut him down

INCENTIVE (n) - Sự khuyến khích,động cơ (thúc đẩy làm việc gì) - a positive motivational influence

If your mom wants you to mow the lawn but you don't feel like it, she might offer to treat you to ice cream after

as an incentive. an incentive is something that stimulates you to take action or work harder

Eg 1 : Government incentives, including taxes, rebates and guaranteed electric pricing, have propelled the solar

market's growth worldwide

Eg 2 : A sharp drop in inventories over the last year has given developers more incentive to build homes.

FUNDAMENTAL (n, adj) - Cơ bản, cơ sở, chủ yếu - the foundation,essential, principles

Fundamental has its roots in the latin word fundamentum, which means "foundation." so if something is

fundamental, it is a key point or underlying issue -the foundation, if you will - that the thing is built upon. teachers

argue that math fundamentals include memorizing the times tables and understanding long division. many people

would also argue that math fundamentals should include knowing how to use a calculator and knowing where the

calculator's extra batteries are kept

Eg 1 : At every level there are fundamental laws governing a particular system which we have to understand

Eg 2 : He said it was "fundamental" to discuss the american movie industry's ways of portraying iran in order to

prevent "an insane war."

CRITERION (n) - Tiêu chuẩn, tiêu chí - standard

A criterion is a category for judging, but can also be a prerequisite for an achievement. it might be an application

requirement for a teaching job that you have taught already for two years. if you haven’t, then we say you haven’t

"met the criterion" for job experience. likewise, if you establish the model for something, say you deliver an

exciting, profound graduation speech, we might say you "set the criterion" for future speakers

Eg 1 : Some products are changing to meet the criteria.

Eg 2 : There is no special selection criteria for the rental screenings

COMMITMENT (n) - Lời cam kết; điều ràng buộc - the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a

course of action

Making a commitment involves dedicating yourself to something, like a person or a cause. before you make a

commitment, think carefully. a commitment obligates you to do something

Eg 1 : There is no funding beyond a two-year research and development commitment by tito

Eg 2 : As i made commitments and accumulated things, he remained devoted to his craft, never doubting his

talent

CORRUPT (v, adj) - đút lót,đồi bại, thối nát - make illegal payments to in exchange for favors or influence

When you corrupt someone, you convince them to do something wrong or even illegal. if you talk your little

brother into stealing cookies from the cookie jar, you're corrupting him. something corrupt is rotten, spoiled, or

out of commission, like a file that makes your computer crash. a corrupt person a criminal, a crook, or a cookie

thief brings society down with immoral and dishonest behavior. corrupt goes back to the latin roots cor-,

"altogether," and rumpere, "break"

Eg 1 : Afghanistan's banking system is a corrupt mess and the country's financial institutions are not trusted


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Eg 2 : Corrupt practices

OPERATION (n) - Sự hoạt động;ca mổ;chiến dịch - process or manner of functioning or operating

Operation can refer to medical surgery, a military campaign, or mathematical methods, such as multiplication and

division

Eg 1 : I stopped being so involved in the operations and became more of an adviser.

Eg 2 : On an adjusted basis, earnings from continuing operations fell to $1.64 per share from $2.18 a year earlier.

TRANSPARENT (adj) - Trong suốt, rõ ràng - able to be seen through with clarity

You can see right through something transparent. a window is transparent, but so are the intentions of a peeping

tom looking through that window.

Eg 1 : This team places great store in preparing properly, works hard on building team spirit and tries to be as

transparent as possible

Eg 2 : Instead, policies such as those promoted by labour - for transparent trading - should be supported

DIVERSITY (n) - đa dạng, phong phú - variety

To have diversity, you need a mix of whatever you're talking about. if you like science fiction, romantic comedies,

cartoons, and action movies, then you like a diversity of types of films. if you like nothing but kungfu films, then

you don't like a diversity of films. no matter what kind of diversity you're talking about, there needs to be a real

mix, kind of like a huge box of crayolas.

Eg 1 : Values such as diversity could mean one thing in the united states and another in south africa

Eg 2 : Did pop begin in uniformity and then explode into diversity?

WRENCH (n) - Vặn mạnh, xoắn; giật mạnh - to grab or pull something with a lot of physical force

Maybe you have a wrench at home, that is, a hand tool that is used to hold or twist a nut or a pipe joint. if so, you

also have a great way to remember what wrench the verb means. just imagine you're twisting with a wrench,

except instead of using a tool, you’re using your hands. if something is heart wrenching, it makes you feel very

sad. if you wrench a part of your body, you strain, pull or twist it, injuring yourself in some way.

Eg 1 : Then came wrenching abdominal pain, which she said doctors dismissed as psychosomatic

Eg 2 : The facts of the current case are no less wrenching

SUPERIOR (adj, n) - Cao cấp - higher quality or performance

Superior comes from the latin word meaning above and it literally means something that is above others in

quality or status. sometimes being superior can be perceived as a negative, as in the woman who acts superior to

all of her friends, having a high opinion of herself just because she has millions of dollars in the bank after winning

the lottery

Eg 1 : The pennsylvania superior court is one of two appellate courts in the state.

Eg 2 : Viewers may also know her from channel 5's superior interiors

MODERATE (adj, v) - Vừa phải; phải chăng; điều độ - not extreme,make less strong or intense; soften

A moderate voter is someone who is politically speaking, in the center. in other words, they are not quite left or

right, but somewhere in the middle.

Eg 1 : A moderate amount of cushioning improves running efficiency, he has found

Eg 2 : Those are sensible deals - low risk, moderate reward - in keeping with alderson's pattern.

VERTICAL (n, adj) - Cực điểm,thẳng đứng - upright in position or posture


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Vertical can also describe the right angle at which something rises up from a baseline, like the walls of your house

- they're vertical to the foundation. you may hear the terms vertical and horizontal used in relation to each other

to describe directions. a vertical line goes up and down, and a horizontal line goes from left to right. an easy way

to remember which way vertical goes is by its first letter, "v," which points down

Eg 1 : In the personal computing landscape, apple is more vertical than any company right now

Eg 2 : Instead of banks of boxes, stock is held in a vertical grid system, with robots running across the top on rails

TENSION (n) - Sự căng thẳng - the action of stretching something tight

When things feel so tight they might snap, that's tension. if you buy your girlfriend a vacuum cleaner when she

wanted diamonds, you will experience tension. just before she storms out of the room.

Eg 1 : Tensions are rising among various factions in the country

Eg 2 : Tension and anticipation is rising in the west bank a month before u.s

RELEASE (v) - Sự giải thoát,sự phóng thích - grant freedom to; free from confinement

To release something or someone is to set it free, like a caged animal or a prisoner.”i shall be released”• is a

famous refrain from a 1967 bob dylan song that has come to symbolize political freedom around the world.

Eg 1 : Two washington area residents were on the pardons list released friday.

Eg 2 : The white house did not comment immediately friday on the higher number of immigrants released.

COMPONENT (n) - Hợp thành, cấu thành - a part that can be separated from or attached to a system

It's not surprising that component is related to a latin word that means "to put together." you simply can't put

something together without all of the correct components. technically speaking, a component is an element of a

system or a part of a machine. but a component can also be a factor or ingredient, such as the components of a

decision or the components of a really good chocolate cake.

Eg 1 : However, what was once innovative is now looking like a standard component

Eg 2 : Soon he began building electrical gadgets from components harvested from junkyards

INFALLIBLE (adj) - Không thể sai được; không thể hỏng - incapable of failure or error

This word is often used to describe human capacity for error - no one is infallible. and yet, we are able to be

infallible in certain ways: children are infallibly curious, teenagers infallibly hungry. interestingly, infallible derives

from the latin in- "not" + fallere "deceive." when did making a mistake and deception become the same thing?

Eg 1 : Only if you believe that human judgment is infallible

Eg 2 : But no one is infallible, and mr. miller stumbled in 2008 by betting on a recovery in united states financial

stocks that never happened

BURGLAR (n) - Kẻ trộm - a thief who enters a building with intent to steal

A criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it

Eg 1 : A burglar had broken into my car in spokane, so i was missing a front passenger window

Eg 2 : Ten convicted felons, mostly burglars, all on parole, who would each receive a warning

EXTEND (v) - Kéo dài,mở rộng - stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two

points or beyond a certain point

Extend, as a verb, is used in many ways. you extend (hold out) your hand when you offer to shake. you extend

(push forward) a deadline when you add a few days to it. your belly might extend (broaden) after a holiday dinner.

a telescope extends (expands) your range of vision. if the list of definitions for extend were infinite, you could

extend (add to) that list forever and ever. but your patience might not extend that far.


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Eg 1 : Outside, down the atlantic city boardwalk, the line extended into infinity

Eg 2 : It also extends to both published and unpublished works.

APATHETIC (adj) - Lãnh đạm, thờ ơ, hờ hững - showing little or no emotion or animation

Apathetic is an adjective that describes the feeling of being bored with what's going on around you. if you don't

care one way or another, you're apathetic.

Eg 1 : South of the border in england, polls show people are largely apathetic

Eg 2 : Urban voters, traditionally considered apathetic, also turned out in large numbers

CORRESPONDENCE (n) - Sự tương ứng; phù hợp,thư từ; quan hệ thư từ - communication by the exchange of

letters or the relation of corresponding in degree or size or amount

Correspondence is a body of letters or communications. if you've ever had a pen pal or an email buddy, you’ve

written plenty of correspondence

Eg 1 : A scottish government spokesman said: "we will consider any correspondence and respond in due course."

Eg 2 : The einstein papers project aims at making accessible einstein’s writings and correspondence in a carefully

annotated, scholarly edition

ETHICAL (adj) - Thuộc đạo đức,đúng nội quy - conforming to accepted standards of social or professional

behavior

For someone who is honest and follows good moral standards, use the adjective ethical. an ethical teacher will

grade your papers honestly - even if she catches you sticking your tongue out at her.

Eg 1 : Ethical leaders, in business as well as in public service, are the future," he argues.

Eg 2 : The first is by leading their communities to make ethical choices, such as becoming energy efficient or

eschewing illegal wildlife products.

STIMULATE (v) - Kích thích, khuyến khích - cause to occur rapidly

If the economy is starting to stall, the president can't just sit there. he has to stimulate - turn it on, bring it to life,

perk it up. you can stimulate practically anything: a person, a conversation, a mind, or even the growth of a plant.

Eg 1 : The chip helps generate at least partial vision by stimulating intact nerve cells in the retina.

Eg 2 : In some sectors, the government is moving to stimulate investment

AGGRESSION (n) - Sự gây sự, sự gây hấn; - a feeling of hostility that arouses thoughts of attack

Aggression is hostile, purposely unfriendly behavior that can sometimes be violent. a motorist who shows

aggression for another may follow too closely, honk the horn, or otherwise try to intimidate.

Eg 1 : "usually they ask with aggression, or are exploitive," mr. maltz said

Eg 2 : Do you believe current scientific studies have conclusively proven a causal link between video games and

aggression in children?

MANIFEST (v, adj) - Rõ ràng, hiển nhiên - reveal its presence or make an appearance,clearly revealed to the mind

or the senses or judgment

Choose the verb manifest when someone shows something for everyone to notice. you might manifest your

dislike of school food by stirring it around into a big pile of slop on your tray.

Eg 1 : Sometimes this manifests in sketchnoting, also known as scribing, or graphic recording.

Eg 2 : In younger women, the disposition to blood clotting can manifest during pregnancy

EPIDEMIC (n) - Dịch - an epidemic is a disease that spreads rapidly among many people in a community at the


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same time.

Epidemic can be used figuratively to refer to something that spreads or grows rapidly: an epidemic of laziness has

taken over the tenth grade. this word is from french epidemique, ultimately from greek epidemia "staying in one

place, among the people." the related word pandemic refers to a disease that spreads throughout an entire

country or throughout the world.

Eg 1 : He was accused of causing a measles epidemic

Eg 2 : The number reflects an epidemic of diabetes, uncontrolled high blood pressure and bad diets

MIGRATE (v) - Di trú; ra nước ngoài - move from one country or region to another and settle there

When we think of the word migrate we think of movement from place to place. sometimes that movement is

seasonal, as when birds migrate north in summer and south in winter. but sometimes a person or group will

migrate from one place to another with the intention of settling there. in both cases, there is a definite shift in

locales, one temporary, the other permanent.

Eg 1 : Best buy has come under pressure as shoppers have migrated online

Eg 2 : "pollen from the olive tree is wind-transported, so it can migrate long distances" he said.

PERCEIVE (v) - Hiểu, nhận thức - to become aware of through the senses

When we perceive something, we become aware of or notice it. sometimes we perceive things by using our

senses of sight, hearing, and smell.

Eg 1 : It is based on how consumers perceive each brand in seven categories: quality, safety, value, performance,

design, technology and green attributes.

Eg 2 : Happy things are perceived to be cynical commercialism

PERMEABLE (adj) - Thấm được, thấm qua được - allowing fluids or gases to pass or diffuse through

A permeable surface allows materials like liquids to pass through - either in or out.

Eg 1 : Wish i hadn't worn my permeable sweater to the picnic when the weatherman called for thunderstorms.

the rain seeped right through the fabric, soaking me to the skin

Eg 2 : The equipment within needs ventilation, so the facade must be permeable

IMPERVIOUS (adj) - Không thấm,không bị ảnh hưởng, không bị tác động - not admitting of passage or capable of

being affected

An impervious surface is one that can't be penetrated. the word is often followed by "to," as in "his steely

personality made him impervious to jokes about his awful haircut."

Eg 1 : Yet video games have proved nearly impervious to this anxiety

Eg 2 : Despite the continued boom in psychoanalysis, argentina is not impervious to global treatment trends

PROFOUND (adj) - Sâu sắc, uyên thâm, thâm thuý - situated at or extending to great depth; too deep to have

been sounded or plumbed

When you need a word that's deeper than "deep," consider profound.

Eg 1 : These details will have profound effects on the model's output

Eg 2 : Longer naps have an even more profound impact than shorter ones

INSUFFICIENT (adj) - Không đủ, thiếu - if something is insufficient, it isn't enough

Something adequate is sufficient, and something inadequate is insufficient

Eg 1 : He said there was insufficient funding available to carry out extensive and meaningful trials to prove the

worth of alternative therapies


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Eg 2 : A lot of people are getting insufficient sleep

INSULATOR (n) - Chất cô lập, chất cách ly - a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or

thermal conductivity

Any material that keeps energy such as electricity, heat, or cold from easily transferring through is an insulator.

Eg 1 : Wood, plastic, rubber, and glass are good insulators. swiss cheese... not so much.

Eg 2 : Objects made of rubber, such as the balloon, are electrical insulators, meaning that they resist electric

charges flowing through them

CUSHION (v, n) - Cái đệm,làm nhẹ bớt, làm yếu đi - to protect from impact or a soft bag filled with air or a mass

of padding such as feathers or foam rubber etc.

The noun cushion can also refer to anything that is used to soften an impact or absorb shocks. in modern cars, for

example, sometimes in a crash or accident, air bags will deploy and act as cushions for the passengers to prevent

them from injuring themselves on hard surfaces like the dashboard or steering wheel. a cushion isn't necessarily a

physical one, however, as you may want to keep an emergency fund as a cushion in case of unexpected expenses.

as a verb, cushion means to protect from the impact of negative information so if you have bad news, you'll want

to cushion the blow as much as possible.

Eg 1 : But as to whether cushioning prevents injuries, he said, "i doubt that there are good data"

Eg 2 : Last month's hiring should cushion the impact of the higher social security taxes that most consumers are

paying this year.

INTIMATE (v, adj) - Thân mật,riêng tư - being close,marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

This adjective can mean very friendly, or very personal or private. the original spelling was intime, from french,

from latin intimus "innermost," from intus "within." the related verb intimate means to hint or suggest. intimate is

also a noun meaning a close friend or associate. and when you get intimate with someone, it can mean that

you're sexually involved.

Eg 1 : A small restaurant is called intimate because you're sitting close to the other people

Eg 2 : And your best friends are considered your intimate friends

AVENUE (n) - đại lộ - a wide street or a line of approach

An avenue is a street, especially a wide one lined with trees. an avenue is also any approach to doing something.

for example, this web site might be a new avenue you have found for learning words.

Eg 1 : Walking out of the parsons building on seventh avenue, mr. pinault inquired about some of the works on

display

Eg 2 : The boy was pronounced dead at the scene in haybridge avenue after going into cardiac arrest.


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TREACLE (n) - Nước mật đường - writing or music that is excessively sweet and sentimental

Use the noun treacle to describe a book or a song that is so sweet and sappy that it makes you feel a little sick

Eg 1 : I've just about given up using it, because it runs like treacle.

Eg 2 : For the same distressing, disabling disease, some people spread treacle on brown paper, and apply hot to the part

affected.

GRATITUDE (n) - Lòng biết ơn, sự nhớ ơn - a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation

Gratitude means thanks and appreciation. it's the warm feeling you get when you remember the person who told you to

drop your 1980s hairstyle and get with the new millennium already

Eg 1 : Their gratitude is genuine, and i like living on the road tethered to my phone

Eg 2 : Israel would provide the united states iron dome know-how for its own potential use in gratitude for u.s. funding,

the official said

PSYCHOLOGIST (n) - Nhà tâm lý học - a scientist trained in psychology

A psychologist is a scientist who studies the mind. unless specified, you should assume the psychologist studies the

human mind -as opposed to, for example, a pet psychologist

Eg 1 : Chess involves a lot of reasoning, so some kids might boost their reasoning skills by playing chess, a hypothesis

psychologists are now investigating

Eg 2 : In the laboratory, psychologists often measure narcissism using the narcissistic personality inventory

VOLUNTARY (n) - Tự ý, tự nguyện, tự giác - a person who freely enlists for service

Voluntary is an adjective that describes something you do because you want to, without being influenced or forced into

it. usually a voluntary act is something you consciously choose to do, like going into work even on a snow day

Eg 1 : Voluntary evacuation orders were issued on thursday but lifted as of friday, they said

Eg 2 : More recently, the agriculture department has published voluntary guidelines for grading olive oil.

CLUMP (n, v) - Lùm, bụi (cây);cục, hòn (đất) - a grouping of a number of similar things

A clump is a "bunch" or a "cluster." if you're a gardener, the last thing you want to see is a clump of weeds growing in

the middle of your newly groomed lawn

Eg 1 : Clumps of ragged grass sprouted from the muck, cutting the waterway into a thousand braided channels

Eg 2 : We see clumps of woodland sedges as well, now bearing tiny triangular fruits favored by many songbirds

DEVISE (v) - Sáng chế, phát minh - come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

To devise is to figure out a plan. men twirling long mustaches might devise a plan to tie someone to the railroad tracks.

Eg 1 : You are devising a system that will make price spikes and disruptions worse

Eg 2 : The white house let congress devise a complicated and ineffectual set of new banking regulations

CONDUCT (v) - Chuyển hướng - to carry out

Conduct is about how you behave "conduct unbecoming" and also about carrying something through - "the survey was

conducted in may and june."

Eg 1 : Department of justice also advised sands it was conducting an investigation, the company said in its annual report

filing

Eg 2 : I can fail at conducting an interview, writing an essay or making a video


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POLARIZE (v) - Phân cực - cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions

To polarize is to divide. something that's been polarized has been split into two sides that are so different, it seems as

though they're from opposite ends of the earth - like the north pole and the south pole

Eg 1 : In politically polarized washington, debt reduction is about as bipartisan as apple pie and the sun rising in the east

Eg 2 : Mr. kennedy said he was used to polarized reactions to his work

BOUNDARY (n) - đường biên giới, ranh giới - the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

If you play a sport you are familiar with the term "in bounds," which refers to the boundary, or limits of the playing field

that the players must stay within. it is also the outer limits of any space

Eg 1 : Even though disciplinary boundaries are observed, some departmental barriers have been broken down

Eg 2 : Crossing disciplinary boundaries is acceptable at some german universities but frowned on at others, says

lawrence

ISOLATE (v) - Cô lập - place or set apart

When you remove or set apart one thing from others, you isolate it. you could isolate yourself from people by living in a

remote hut or, if you're a biologist, you could isolate a chromosome.

Eg 1 : Eight years ago, researchers isolated another strain called lactobacillus hammesii from a french sourdough starter

Eg 2 : Outback aboriginal communities were evacuated and isolated schools closed

INTEGRATE (v) - Hợp nhất - make into a whole or make part of a whole

To integrate is to make parts of something into a whole. it also means to become one unit, or to make a place (like a

school) open to people of all races and ethnic groups

Eg 1 : What does a more integrated approach look like

Eg 2 : While other teams integrated new players early in a shortened season, the familiar hawks arrived with instant

chemistry

COLLIDE (v) - Va chạm - crash together with violent impact

It could be protons bouncing around in a particle accelerator, two cars failing to stop at an intersection, or the priorities

of two people with very different goals. when things crash together, they collide

Eg 1 : Two passenger trains have collided in south africa near the capital, pretoria, injuring at least 100 people

Eg 2 : Police said it struck another vehicle before colliding with the cyclists

PARALLEL (adj) - Song song - being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting

In math, parallel means two lines that never intersect - think of an equals sign. figuratively, parallel means similar, or

happening at the same time. a story might describe the parallel lives of three close friends

Eg 1 : This is not completely parallel, but think about

Eg 2 : There are connections and parallels, of course, but also wild variations in tone and effectiveness

SYMMETRICAL (adj) - đối xứng - having similarity in size, shape, and relative position of corresponding parts

If you can draw a line down the center of something and get two similar halves, it's symmetrical. shapes like squares and

circles are symmetrical. unless you've had a serious injury like losing a limb, the human body is symmetrical. some

people think that faces that are more perfectly symmetrical are more beautiful than other faces.

Eg 1 : Essentially, the two ways of doing so are symmetrical

Eg 2 : In other words, drawing a line down the center results in symmetrical halves

MAGNET (n) - Nam châm - a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field


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This also means a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

Eg 1 : Neodymium is used in the magnets of motors in electric cars

Eg 2 : The magnet can be thought of as a tiny loop of wire in which negatively charged electrons run through stationary

positive ions

CREST (n, v) - Mào,đỉnh nóc, chỏm, ngọn - the top or extreme point of something,reach a high point

A crest is a showy tuft of feathers on the head of a bird. it's easy to identify a male cardinal by its bright red color and

the tufted crest on its head.

Eg 1 : Though the head crests of domesticated pigeons can vary quite a bit, their presence is due to the same mutation.

Eg 2 : The river crested last night

HUNCH (n, v) - Linh cảm,khom xuống, gập cong, uốn cong - an impression that something might be the case

When you pose for pictures with short friends, you hunch over so you don't tower above them - you scrunch up your

shoulders, bend your knees, and try to look smaller.

Eg 1 : I was hunched over my laptop, adult swim playing in the background

Eg 2 : I looked around nervously, and hurried on my way, head down, hunched over a little

RIDGE (n, v) - Chóp, chỏm, ngọn, đỉnh - a long narrow natural elevation or striation or throw soil toward (a crop row)

from both sides

A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated strip of land or any raised strip or band. a ridge is a line that rises above what it is

attached to

Eg 1 : On my aborted expedition i was going to take five different measurements of every ridge i crossed

Eg 2 : Dashboard of pickup truck located on ridge top about 14 km north of mount st. helens

CONVECTION (n) - Sự đối lưu - the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion

Convection is the circular motion that happens when warmer air or liquid - which has faster moving molecules, making it

less dense - rises, while the cooler air or liquid drops down

Eg 1 : Convection is the mass movement of a fluid: hot water rising, for example

Eg 2 : That means that convection heaters are the only horse left in this race

RIDICULE (n) - Nhạo báng,chế nhạo - language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate

When you ridicule someone, you mock or make fun of them. they become the object of your ridicule or mockery. your

bad behavior might bring ridicule on your parents, who raised you to know better

Eg 1 : Aerospace enthusiasts ridiculed the problems on message boards

Eg 2 : Central park had become so dangerous it was ridiculed by late-night comedians

FAME (n) - Tiếng tăm, danh tiếng - the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

"fame puts you where things are hollow" sang bowie, reflecting the increasing darkness of his personal life, the sense of

alienation that celebrity had amplified

Eg 1 : A spot in the maryland hall of fame, given grudgingly no doubt

Eg 2 : Though ms. young is known for dressing celebrities, that fame may be rubbing off

HONOR (n) - Vinh dự,danh dự - a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

Honor has many uses, all of them good. if you are called a man of honor, you are respected. if someone honors you, they

recognize and award you for your achievements

Eg 1 : It is an honor to be nominated as central bank governor


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Eg 2 : Post office released a postage stamp honoring her

PROSPECT (n) - Cảnh, toàn cảnh, viễn cảnh - the possibility of future success

A prospect is the possibility that something fabulous will happen. after you graduate top of your class at harvard, for

example, your job prospects look great.

Eg 1 : His prospects as a writer are excellent

Eg 2 : But attacks by washington politicians may have damaged its prospects at the academy awards

VIGOROUS (adj) - Mãnh liệt, mạnh mẽ - characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

Anything vigorous is done with force and energy. vigorous exercise makes you sweat, and a vigorous denial makes

someone else sweat

Eg 1 : America has turned to younger, more vigorous people

Eg 2 : Business leaders have previously said the welsh government has not been vigorous enough in assessing the impact

the law may have on firms

ASSIGN (v) - Phân công,ấn định,nhượng lại - select something or someone for a specific purpose

To assign is to specify something or someone for a specific purpose. if your sisters fight over whose turn it is to sit in the

front seat, your parents may have to assign turns.

Eg 1 : The teacher assigned him to lead his classmates in the exercise

Eg 2 : The ministry of defense was assigned to make sure all u.s. special forces are out of the province within two weeks

DRIFT (v, n) - Sự trôi giạt,mục đích, ý định - be in motion due to some air or water current,the pervading meaning or

tenor

If you get my drift, you get the basic meaning of what i'm saying. or, if you move around without a seeming fixed

destination, you are said to drift - whether you're a snowflake or a homeless person.

Eg 1 : Since last year's second quarter, staffing levels have drifted lower

Eg 2 : Anglers wading the river, casting from shore and drifting it had pretty good success

CONTINENT (n) - Lục địa, đại lục - one of the large landmasses of the earth

A continent is one of the seven largest landmasses found on earth. asia, australia, and africa are three continents. can

you name the other four?

Eg 1 : No inhabited continent will be more affected by it than africa

Eg 2 : Deadly droughts, flash floods and falling water tables are recurring themes in conversations across the continent

EMERGE (v) - Nổi lên, hiện ra - come out into view, as from concealment

To emerge means to come out into view or come forth. you might hope to emerge from an epic perming session looking

like a beauty queen, but chances are it will just look like you got electrocuted

Eg 1 : "it's an emerging civil rights issue that we'll need to address," he says

Eg 2 : It's a problem those focused on emerging markets say they already have solved.

GENERATE (v) - Phát ra,sinh ra - bring into existence,give or supply

Generate as well as other similar words such as generation and genesis come from a greek word meaning "origin" or

"creation." let's say you have two siblings. in that case, your parents' marriage has generated three children

Eg 1 : In a hydroelectric power plant, water generates power

Eg 2 : Last year, trackleaders generated $80,000 in revenue tracking 60 events, including u.s


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HOSTILITY (n) - Sự thù địch - the feeling of a hostile person

Hostility is the state of ill will and bad feeling. if a teacher embarrasses you in front of the whole class, you will probably

regard him or her with hostility for the remainder of the school year

Eg 1 : My work looks specifically at hostility, not necessarily violence

Eg 2 : Meantime, hostilities continued at the final whistle and players had to be separated

DEPRESS (v) - Làm giảm,làm chán nản - press down

Depress means to lessen the activity or power of something. if you want to depress the spread of poverty, you need to

find ways to slow it down, like by bringing education and skill-building resources into the poorest communities.

Eg 1 : Despite its slightly depressing subject matter, ask is the smiths at their most upbeat

Eg 2 : But the increases are coming from depressed levels as sales plummeted to a record low in 2011

INVESTIGATE (v) - điều tra nghiên cứu - conduct an inquiry or investigation of

To investigate is to look into something systematically. if you don't understand how tornadoes work, for example,

investigate the forces of wind and find out

Eg 1 : Texas child welfare authorities also are investigating allegations of child abuse and neglect

Eg 2 : Chicago police are investigating the death as a murder

SUFFER (v) - Chịu đựng - undergo or be subjected to,endure

The verb suffer means to feel pain or something equally unpleasant. you'd probably do anything you could to be sure

your beloved cat didn't suffer when she got old and sick

Eg 1 : He suffered very much through being victimised and demonised

Eg 2 : She suffered a grave head injury and her life support was turned off several days later

DEPLOY (v) - Sự dàn quân, sự dàn trận, sự triển khai - place troops or weapons in battle formation

The word deploy is mainly used in military contexts and to refer to the strategic arrangement of fighting forces

Eg 1 : An army spokesman in dhaka said two platoons of troops had been deployed in the town

Eg 2 : Security forces in riot gear patrolled in pickup trucks and deployed on street corners on saturday

RIGOROUS (adj) - Nghiêm khắc,khắc nghiệt - rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

If you are rigorous when you do something, you do it strictly by the book and leave nothing to chance. a rigorous

inspection of your tax records has revealed the government owes you money. congratulations!

Eg 1 : Both papers are rich and rigorous studies of growth hiccups

Eg 2 : Rigorous application of the law

COUNTENANCE (n, v) - Sự tán thành - the appearance conveyed by a person's face

The noun countenance means the face or its expression. if you're a great poker player, you probably have a calm

countenance.

Eg 1 : Like rodgers, tom werner refuses to countenance cashing in on suÃ¡rez

Eg 2 : His opponent in the american election, mitt romney, has at times seemed more willing to countenance a unilateral

israeli strike

ENVISAGE (v) - Dự tính, nhìn thẳng vào - imagine something that does not yet exist

Martin luther king jr. envisaged a time when black and white americans would no longer be segregated by race.

Eg 1 : About 30 patients have used the envisage programme so far

Eg 2 : Designers envisaged users working with several papertabs simultaneously, brotman said


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NEUROLOGIST (n) - Nhà thần kinh học - a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it

Eg 1 : He saw a pediatric neurologist, who ordered an mri scan that found nothing amiss

Eg 2 : Campbell said he recently underwent testing in houston at the urging of his neurologist

DELEGATE (n, v) - đại biểu,người được uỷ nhiệm - a person appointed or elected to represent others,transfer power to

someone

A delegate is also an elected official, or the person who is doing the task you delegated them to do. in presidential

primaries in the united states, you do not vote for a candidate, you vote for a delegate whose job it is to vote for that

candidate at a convention.

Eg 1 : Southern delegates wanted to count the whole slave population, which would have given the south greater

influence over national policy

Eg 2 : American foreign policy can only be delegated so far, and crises only wished away for so long

STATISTIC (n) - Thống kê - a datum that can be represented numerically

A statistic is a numerical piece of information. if you are trying to prove a point, and you want your argument to have a

sense of authority, you might want to use a statistic to back up your claim.

Eg 1 : This statistic is even worse for state-run or -funded homes, activists said.

Eg 2 : However, one telltale statistic showed how showy lifestyles are out of fashion in bailed-out greece

ASSUAGE (v) - Làm dịu bớt - provide physical relief, as from pain

If you assuage an unpleasant feeling, you make it go away. assuaging your hunger by eating a bag of marshmallows may

cause you other unpleasant feelings.

Eg 1 : Gun rights supporters said the president was evidently trying to reach out to gun owners to assuage their concerns

about his legislative proposals

Eg 2 : Maybe the new management wanted to assuage fans by putting their most familiar work forward first

APPROPRIATE (adj, v) - Thích hợp, thích đáng - suitable for a particular person or place or condition

Something appropriate is correct and fits the situation. a sweater-vest with reindeer on it is appropriate holiday apparel,

even if it's totally embarrassing

Eg 1 : With so many artists picking up brushes or at least a pencil, is the idea that real things can be appropriated as art

bankrupt

Eg 2 : When we are looking at what further regulations may be appropriate we will want to consider the impact on

competitiveness

EMPHASIZE (v) - Nhấn mạnh - to stress, single out as important

To emphasize is to make something important, or stress it, like when you were little and your parents would always

emphasize the importance of looking both ways before crossing the street. they told you again and again and again. and

again.

Eg 1 : Internally, they emphasize that people have individual personalities and all are accepted

Eg 2 : He emphasized that he really wanted a job

CONFERENCE (n) - Hội nghị - a prearranged meeting

A conference is a formal get-together where people talk (or "confer") about a chosen topic, like when your office holds a

conference to talk about the problem of snoring during meetings.

Eg 1 : Federal travel, conferences and training classes could first be canceled, he said, as could worker bonuses and new


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hiring

Eg 2 : A conference can also be a public meeting arranged for discussion, such as a press conference or a national

conference for a particular group

INJECT (v) - đưa vào, tiêm - force or drive (a fluid or gas) into by piercing;to introduce

To inject is to give an injection, or a shot. when your doctor tells you that you need a flu shot, she wants to inject you

with a vaccine that will help keep you from getting sick.

Eg 1 : Oscar organizers are trying to inject more verve into a show whose awards generally play out by the numbers

Eg 2 : Challenging this view are economists who argue the central bank should inject more money into the economy to

improve lending conditions

ENTERPRISE (n) - Việc làm khó khăn; việc làm táo bạo - a purposeful or industrious undertaking or an organization

created for business ventures

Enterprise describes a readiness to act boldly to get something started, like the enterprise it takes to start a charity with

only a dream and a few dollars.

Eg 1 : Enterprises that consider the big data is too nascent and immature can no longer rely on that excuse

Eg 2 : Osborne challenged pickles over the slow pace of setting up enterprise zones in december

PRESUMABLY (adv) - Có thể được, có thể cho là đúng - by reasonable assumption

Presumably you are reading these word blurbs because you're interested in learning some useful words. you can add

presumably to any statement that you think is true - it indicates a logical conclusion for which you don't have definite

proof.

Eg 1 : Caro is working on the fifth, and presumably last, volume

Eg 2 : "closed curtain" is set in an empty villa in iran, presumably beside the caspian sea

APPARENT (adj) - Hiển nhiên - clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

Apparent means obvious, but - and this is confusing - it can also mean something that seems to be true but isn't definite.

"the train's arrival is apparent - it's in the station - but apparently my friend missed it because she is not getting off."

Eg 1 : In apparent reference to libya, north korea said it never backed down

Eg 2 : In that context, his apparent crime is not as surprising

PROOFREAD (v) - Sửa lỗi - read for errors

Eg 1 : I should proofread my manuscripts

Eg 2 : Many writers proofread their words carefully but are less careful with their figures

INSOMNIA (n) - Mất ngủ - an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness

You are suffering from insomnia if you usually have trouble falling or staying asleep. there's no cure, but people with

insomnia are told to go to be at the same time every night, and try to clear their mind of stress.

Eg 1 : Other drugs already are under review, for conditions including insomnia and hardening of the arteries

Eg 2 : He began drinking heavily, developed chronic insomnia, became a literary figure in seoul

POLISH (v) - đánh bóng - make (a surface) shine

Bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state

Eg 1 : They spend their days gathering information, weighing, revising, polishing, and perfecting

Eg 2 : I found five excellent stories that readers of weird would love, and a few dozen rough diamonds in need of further


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polishing

ILLITERACY (n) - Nạn mù chữ - the inability to read

You can help someone overcome illiteracy by reading together, or even by sharing your knowledge of vocabulary

Eg 1 : American advisors have been struggling with illiteracy among afghan army troops

Eg 2 : The railway station sits in a densely populated muslim neighborhood where poverty and illiteracy rates are very

high

EDITORIAL (n, adj) - Bài xã luận - an article giving opinions or perspectives

An editorial is an article that expresses the opinion of the person who or organization that wrote it.

Eg 1 : "the worst is going to happen," the newspaper said in an editorial

Eg 2 : An editorial accompanying the hip replacement study said "there is no justification" for the huge cost variation the

researchers found

ENCLOSE (v) - Bỏ kèm theo, đóng vào - surround completely, to introduce

To enclose something is to surround it or cover it up. an envelope encloses a letter

Eg 1 : Any outdoor colonies that remain should be enclosed, he said

Eg 2 : They feed on rodents and often hide in enclosed spaces to ambush their prey

ENDEAVOR (v, n) - Sự cố gắng, sự nỗ lực - attempt by employing effort

An endeavor is an earnest effort to achieve some goal. as a verb, the word means "to try hard at something."

Eg 1 : Every climb is a redline endeavor, with the heart rate often topping 180 beats a minute

Eg 2 : Coral farming is not only a business endeavor

COLLABORATION (n) - Cộng tác - act of working jointly

When you join a group of friends to build a huge sandcastle on the beach, your impressive structure is the result of

collaboration, or working together toward a common goal.

Eg 1 : He said he only knew of one other similar collaboration in seattle that began 15 years ago

Eg 2 : Each collaboration will evoke unique perspectives on the civil war in each region

ABHOR (v) - Ghê tởm; ghét cay ghét đắng - hate

Abhor is from latin abhorrere "to shrink back in horror." it is the strongest way in english to express hatred, even

stronger than loathe. we only use abhor in formal contexts; you might say "i abhor that man," but you would be less

likely to say "i abhor spinach" unless you tend to express yourself in highfalutin terms no matter what the occasion.

Eg 1 : He abhorred art that dwelt on aesthetics at the expense of social problems

Eg 2 : In reality, they abhor any government regulations that cut into profit

ATTEMPT (v, n) - Sự cố gắng - make an effort

The word attempt can also be used as a noun. it's an honest effort to do something. your attempt to bake a birthday

cake may look like a disaster, but the birthday boy will appreciate the effort anyway. the noun attempt can also mean an

attack on a person or place, but in this case, it's best to hope that the attempt is not on your life. and never, ever

attempt that sort of thing at home!

Eg 1 : The police attempted to stop the thief

Eg 2 : Major u.s. stock indexes will make another attempt at reaching all-time records, but the fitful pace that has

dominated trading is likely to continue


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APPROACH (n, v) - Cách thức, phương pháp tiếp cận - move towards

To approach is to get near something. an airplane is cleared for a final approach just as the wheels approach the landing

strip

Eg 1 : However, unlike the current emotional debate surrounding gun control in the united states, the swiss approach is

more dispassionate and pragmatic.

Eg 2 : Do college basketball refs use the same approach when making charge/block calls?

AUTHORITY (n) - Nhà chức trách, - the power or right to give orders or make decisions

If you have the authority to do something, you have the right or power to do it. you are the big cheese. or, if you know

more about a topic than most, you are an authority on that topic

Eg 1 : Authorities said 33 militants were killed by security forces in february

Eg 2 : She told authorities that johnson later raped her.

PROPERTY (n) - Quyền sở hữu, tài sản, của cải - something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned

by someone

What you own or have, like a car or clothes, is your property. the qualities that a thing has are its properties. aloe is a

plant with medicinal properties - it soothes burns.

Eg 1 : Asian stock markets also fell, as worries that china would tighten its grip on the property sector hurt sentiment

Eg 2 : That hat is my property

ENTRANCE (n, v) - Cổng vào, lối vào - something that provides access

As a noun, entrance means an act of entering or something that provides a way to enter something. you can make a

grand entrance when you arrive at a party, as long as you can actually find the entrance

Eg 1 : Maybe a half dozen more women's coaches might gain entrance over the next few years

Eg 2 : After enlisting i reported to the fort meade military entrance processing station on 1 october 2007.

LICENSE (n) - Giấy phép,bằng - a legal document giving official permission to do something

The word license can also means freedom. "seniors should have certain freedoms, but when they aren't even required

to come to class, that is excessive license. also, they shouldn't have the option, every time they misspell a word, to claim

"poetic license."

Eg 1 : Are there any licensing issues that might hamper mod accessibility

Eg 2 : Depending on the findings, the pharmacies could face fines and possible suspension of their licenses

CONFLICT (n) - Cuộc xung đột - an open clash between two opposing groups

A conflict is a struggle or an opposition. if you and your best friend both fall in love with the same person, you will have

to find some way to resolve the conflict

Eg 1 : Uncovering those values is key to resolving complicated conflicts

Eg 2 : But cattle rustling, conflicts between communities and raids by rebel groups continue to hamper farming, the

report said

SCHEME (n) - Kế hoạch, sơ đồ - an elaborate and systematic plan of action

A scheme is an elaborate plan or plot. it's going to take a really solid scheme, probably involving teleportation or some

sort of temporary cloning, to make an appearance at both parties at once

Eg 1 : Instead, banks will introduce higher fixed salaries and convoluted pay schemes


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Eg 2 : The beneficial impact of the funding for lending scheme is countered by still difficult economic conditions

SKETCH (n) - Tóm tắt,phác hoạ - preliminary drawing for later elaboration,short descriptive summary

A sketch is a rough or brief outline of something. if you hand in a sketch, instead of your full paper, don't expect to get a

very high grade

Eg 1 : Practice playing with ideas mainly through drawing and sketching, constantly seeing from different views, creating

alternatives

Eg 2 : Fusing song, poetry, sketches, jazz, dance and theatre, cabaret demolished boundaries between high and low

culture, artists and audience

POTENTIAL (adj) - Tiềm tàng,tiềm năng - existing in possibility

If you can describe something as possible but not yet actual, choose the adjective, potential. companies try to reach

potential customers through advertising

Eg 1 : Cherished, perhaps, but not necessarily free from potential threats

Eg 2 : There has been no contact from any potential investors

AUCTION (n, v) - Bán đấu giá - the public sale of something to the highest bidder

In an auction, items are sold without price tags - whoever bids the highest gets to buy it, whether it’s a painting, a car, or

a set of old dishes

Eg 1 : Under scottish law a verbal offer is binding, like a bid at auction

Eg 2 : The people involved in the auction process said bids are unlikely to live up to the expectations of the authorities

CONTEMPORARY (adj) - đương thời,cùng thời - occurring in the same period of time

Things that are contemporary are either happening at the same time or happening now. contemporary art is recent art

Eg 1 : The composer salieri was contemporary with mozart

Eg 2 : Palmer is not making a contemporary cruise ship that happens to look like the titanic

TRAJECTORY (n) - Quỹ đạo - the path followed by an object moving through space

If you stay on your current trajectory of constant partying, dining out, and yacht rentals, you'll end up broke. a trajectory

is the path of an object through space, or the path of life that a person chooses

Eg 1 : Later,scientists calculated its trajectory, based on a few plot points of its movement

Eg 2 : I predict aging will follow the same trajectory as cancer research.

HAZARDOUS (adj) - Mạo hiểm; nguy hiểm - involving risk or danger

The noun "hazard" means something dangerous, and the adjective hazardous refers to anything that involves danger. a

golf course with lots of sand traps is especially hazardous for golfers. that's why those traps are called hazards

Eg 1 : Skydiving is a hazardous sport

Eg 2 : Air quality levels in beijing have regularly been labeled as unhealthy or hazardous

PRELIMINARY (adj, n) - Sơ bộ,mở đầu - something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows

Preliminary means something that comes before something else. if you want to run in the race, you have to place in the

top third of the preliminary round. it can also mean "early" - the preliminary results are in, and you've won!

Eg 1 : Training is a necessary preliminary to employment

Eg 2 : Whatever the competition commission decides, the preliminary findings will be put out to public consultation, and

there will likely be global repercussions


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ASCENT (n) - Sự đi lên - a movement upward

If you are moving in an upward direction, that's an ascent, like your quick ascent from new group member last year to

president this year.

Eg 1 : His successor, albert ii, completed his ascent but died on the return impact

Eg 2 : New york’s legions of writers have benefited tremendously from his ascent.

SLENDER (adj) - Mảnh khảnh, mỏng manh - having little width in proportion to the length or height

Something slender is slight, or skinny. a young colt is slender compared to the full grown horse it will grow into

Eg 1 : The huskies have long, slender, finesse players, but they are now playing physical, challenging defense

Eg 2 : Mr. kennedy’s margin of victory was too slender to stir much elation

THOROUGH (adj) - Cẩn thận, kỹ lưỡng, tỉ mỉ - painstakingly careful and accurate

Thorough describes something that is painstakingly complete, like a thorough search for your missing keys in which you

look for them in coat pockets, under the table, in the refrigerator - in every single place you can think of

Eg 1 : Authorities made a thorough search and no bomb was found

Eg 2 : The audit was quite thorough and the firm's conclusions about mr. hunter's financial indiscretions and fiduciary

breaches are alarming, if not downright shocking

DESERT (v, n) - Nơi hoang vắng,vắng vẻ - arid land with little or no vegetation

A desert is a wasteland. if you fry your brain cells with drugs, then your mind will turn into a desert

Eg 1 : Not to mention arizona sluggers who turn out to be nothing more than supernova mirages in the desert sun

Eg 2 : Similarly, eucalyptus leaves would make a very poor dietary choice for a human being marooned on a desert island

OCCUPANT (n) - Người ở,người sử dụng - someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was

born there

An occupant is someone who lives or stays at a place for awhile. a lot of your junk mail is addressed "to occupant"

because the sender doesn't know who lives at your address

Eg 1 : Five masked men were raking a bentley with automatic weapons, cutting the occupants to pieces

Eg 2 : Neighbors said the occupants were not involved with militant groups

RETRACT (v) - Rút lại - formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure

Have you ever said something you wish you could retract, or take back? you're not alone. even newspapers and

magazines have sections where the editors can retract something written that was incorrect

Eg 1 : But within hours, the same papers, including the new york times, were retracting the picture and declaring it a

fake

Eg 2 : The alleged rape victim was interrogated for two days without a lawyer present until she retracted her statement,

human rights watch reported

MYTHICAL (adj) - Thần thoại,hoang đường - based on or told of in traditional stories,lacking factual basis or historical

validity

Mythical means from myth, fables, or other traditional stories. a mythical story has no basis in historical events.

sometimes someone whose deeds far outshine others is referred to as mythical

Eg 1 : The argo program, named after the mythical greek ship, is run by 50 research institutions in more than 30

countries

Eg 2 : Guys like him are mythical creatures, fantasy figures who dispense rough justice when civic institutions fail


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WHEEL (n) - Bánh xe, hệ thống - change directions as if revolving on a pivot

Eg 1 : Police allege she lied about being behind the wheel

Eg 2 : But experts have some suggestions to help people get behind the wheel, while minimizing their risk of crashing

and burning

DESCEND (v) - Xuống,truyền,bắt nguồn từ - move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way,come from; be

connected by a relationship of blood, for example

In its simplest sense, descend means to go or move downward, but there are a couple of subtle variations on this theme.

yes, a bird can descend from the sky, but also, humans are descended from prehistoric ancestors

Eg 1 : At night the pilot descends slowly, carefully using up the power until dawn

Eg 2 : We are recovering and growing, not declining and descending

SETTLE (v) - Làm lắng xuống, làm chìm xuống - become resolved, fixed, established, or quiet,come to rest

To settle means to come to order or rest, much as snow settles on the ground or dust settles on the dining room table

Eg 1 : Suarez had the game settled within 34 minutes when he produced liverpool's third

Eg 2 : When it settles down we expect the data will reveal that industrial production is growing around 10 percent

CAPSULE (n) - Bao,vỏ,tóm tắt - a small container that encloses a body part,a shortened version of a written work

Eg 1 : But he finished last in the semifinals, a space capsule crashing back to earth

Eg 2 : He goes on to tell me his life story in a capsule

UNDERGROUND (adv) - Dưới đất, ngầm - beneath the surface of the earth

Also means an electric railway operating below the surface of the ground (usually in a city)

Eg 1 : On 12 february, north korea conducted its third nuclear-weapon test deep underground

Eg 2 : Iran, too, has taken preparatory actions, erecting new perimeter fences around its underground enrichment plant

at qum

TRAP (n, v) - Bẫy - a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

Eg 1 : Detailed information on air temperature and co2 levels is trapped in these specimens

Eg 2 : But sara's eternally trapped by her fear of being found out

DEEM (v) - Cho rằng, thấy rằng - keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view

To deem is a verb that means to view as or judge. your parents or boss may deem something necessary that you don't,

like coming home by midnight or working late

Eg 1 : One supplier made a part fit by grinding away an edge, without permission from the manufacturer, and training

overall was deemed inadequate

Eg 2 : But upon further review the line change was deemed legal

EXTRACT () - Trích,chiết - take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy,obtain from a substance

When you extract something, you remove it from a larger whole. you can extract a passage from a book, or a liquid

essence from a vanilla bean - vanilla extract

Eg 1 : Another way to extract value could be to take on more debt to buy back shares

Eg 2 : The technique was also used to extract information and control others


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ANNOUNCE (v) - Tuyên bố - make known; make an announcement

Announce means to make something public. companies announce the release of new products, parents announce the

marriages of their children, and school administrators announce changes to the day's schedule over the pa

Eg 1 : But last month he announced he had hired a death penalty prosecutor to work on the case

Eg 2 : This was announced several times by roosevelt, but changed into ambiguous reticence once the communists

began to take over mainland china

DRILL (n) - Mũi khoan; máy khoan - a tool with a sharp point and cutting edges for making holes in hard materials

Also means systematic training by multiple repetitions

Eg 1 : The side looked more balanced and better drilled than under hughes

Eg 2 : He said drills must be sharpened up and held with less advance warning, to keep soldiers on their toes

SHAFT (n) - Cán (giáo, mác...), tay cầm - a long rod or pole

The noun shaft refers to something that resembles a long, thin pole, such as the long part of an arrow between the tip

and the feathers.

Eg 1 : Mr fyfield was seriously injured in the incident but escaped through an old mine shaft

Eg 2 : Turns out harman wanted to try something different at disney, so he used irons with graphite shafts

BARE (adj) - Trần,trơ trụi - lacking its natural or customary covering

When you kick off your shoes to walk on the beach, you are enjoying the feeling of your bare feet in the warm sand. the

adjective bare describes something or someone that is naked or unclothed

Eg 1 : Men enjoy relatively more freedom, but only sportsmen are allowed to be shown with bare legs on tv.

Eg 2 : The advisory appeared to work, as no one bared too much skin.

ENTOMB (v) - Chôn xuống mộ - place in a grave or tomb

Eg 1 : Tens of thousands of bodies are still entombed in the hill

Eg 2 : By some estimates there are thousands of bodies entombed under public parks in new york city

RESERVE (v, n) - Dự trữ - hold back or set aside, especially for future use or contingency

As a noun, reserve refers to the quality of a shy or modest person who doesn’t easily express his or her feelings. as a

verb, to reserve is to stash something away or to set it aside for future use

Eg 1 : Cairo is struggling with a swelling budget deficit and sliding foreign currency reserves

Eg 2 : Federal reserve will need to maintain its ultra lose monetary policy for longer

BLOCKBUSTER (n) - Bom tấn - an unusually successful hit with widespread popularity and huge sales (especially a movie

or play or recording or novel)

Eg 1 : It is also rumoured to be looking at blockbuster stores after the retailer went into administration last week

Eg 2 : Still, less remarkable hardware has seen blockbuster success - just look at samsung's galaxy s3

BUDGET (n) - Ngân sách, ngân quỹ,đồng lương - a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to

meet them

A budget is a sum of money set aside and divided up to cover particular expenses. like allotting certain amounts for

food, rent, movies, and manicures every month to make sure you don't run out of cash.


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Eg 1 : Less than one percent believed that the budget gap could be reduced "only" through higher taxes

Eg 2 : Cairo is struggling with a swelling budget deficit and sliding foreign currency reserves

CERAMIC (n) - Nghề làm đồ gốm - an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing

at high temperatures

Eg 1 : Fire, ceramics and the bow and arrow marked the savage

Eg 2 : An empty vending machine stands near white marble basins and colored ceramic mosaics

EXECUTIVE (n) - Thành viên ban quản trị - a person responsible for the administration of a business

An executive is a powerful person who is responsible for making things run smoothly. if you become an executive, you

might be in charge of an organization, a business, or even an entire country.

Eg 1 : Some of the industry's greatest executives understood this very well

Eg 2 : Its chief executive, michael acton smith, said working remotely was not best for business

FETCH (v) - Lấy lại - go or come after and bring or take back

To fetch something is to go and get it. "go fetch!" you might shout after your dog while throwing a stick into the yard

Eg 1 : Within minutes, he came running back to fetch us.

Eg 2 : An orphan drug, if approved, can usually fetch a premium pricing in the market

DRASTIC (adj) - Tác động mạnh mẽ, quyết liệt - forceful and extreme and rigorous

Something that is drastic is violent, forceful, and extreme. if you are saving for a car and you only have $50, you need to

make a drastic change to your money accumulation scheme.

Eg 1 : Bernanke said sequestration was too drastic an approach for reducing the budget deficit

Eg 2 : Meanwhile the public sector cuts become more drastic, with no end to austerity in sight

ICONIC (adj) - Tính chất hình tượng - having the characteristics on an icon

Something that is iconic is characteristic of an icon - an image, emblem, idol, or hero. audrey hepburn was widely

admired for her iconic style, her great fashion taste.

Eg 1 : The terrifying demand: 'kneel before zod!' is remembered as one of the most iconic moments in comic book film

history

Eg 2 : Having that iconic stadium in my home city is incredible.

RANGE (n, v) - Tầm ,phạm vi - a variety of different things or activities

Range always refers to a variety of things or an area that something operates. the store offers the living room set in a

range of colors. what's the range of that remote-controlled airplane?

Eg 1 : Apparently, a very wide range of exaggeration is permissible when writing about venezuela, so long as it is

negative

Eg 2 : Each year, actual growth fell short of the lower number in the range

TERRORISM (n) - Chính sách khủng bố - the calculated use of violence against civilians

Terrorism is violence or the threat of violence directed against civilians for the purpose of creating intense fear, which

the terrorist hopes to exploit to attain political or ideological goals

Eg 1 : Target americans suspected of terrorism based on a determination by government officials

Eg 2 : The u.s. terrorism charges are far more serious


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IDENTIFY (v) - Nhận ra - recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something

You might identify a ming dynasty vase, a suspect in a bank robbery, or an ivory-billed woodpecker. whatever it is, when

you recognize the identity of someone or something, you identify it.

Eg 1 : Reuters reported exclusively in august that sands allowed a man identified by the u.s

Eg 2 : Modern scientists identify and measure past eruptions using layers of volcanic debris found in ice cores, lake

sediments, and other undisturbed soils

UNIQUE (adj) - Duy nhất, đơn nhất - the single one of its kind

If something is unique, it's the only one around. you might think getting a nose ring would make you unique, until you

see five other people on the street with the same piercing

Eg 1 : National academy of sciences in its unique charter, exactly 150 years ago

Eg 2 : In addition, we wanted to be sure each brand's unique editorial voice was well represented

ILLEGAL (adj) - Bất hợp pháp - prohibited by law or by official or accepted rules

Something illegal is against the law or breaks the rules. if you're reading this in jail, you've probably done something

illegal, and if you're not in jail, there's plenty of time to obey the law.

Eg 1 : Illegal elephant ivory and rhino horn are routinely seized in large quantities, too

Eg 2 : Most of the illegal immigrants in the united states are hispanics

LEASE (n) - Cho thuê - a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified time for a specified payment

To lease something is to borrow it in exchange for money. if you lease a car from a dealer, for example, you make

payments and you get to drive the car, but at the end of the contract you have to give it back

Eg 1 : However, some have new office leases in dallas, and that atlanta too may get state farm workers. seeif happens, is

it tax motivated?

Eg 2 : Real america, as seen through his cameras, is ready to lease that land but is halted by unthinking greens

VIRTUAL (adj) - Thực sự, thực tế - existing in essence or effect though not in actual fact

The adjective virtual is used to describe something that exists in essence but not in actuality. you may have made a

virtual friend on an online gaming site, but don't expect that person to meet you for coffee

Eg 1 : Perhaps run more than one android virtual machine simultaneously

Eg 2 : Local views on housing shortages translate into a virtual stalemate

DETECT (v) - Dò ra, tìm ra, khám phá ra, phát hiện ra - discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

The verb detect means to discover or observe the existence of something. if you walk into your house and detect the

odor of burnt food, you can deduce from the evidence that you will be going out to dinner tonight!

Eg 1 : Scientists point out that we have never detected an asteroid this large passing so close to our planet

Eg 2 : A smartphone app that can detect medical conditions by looking at your wee has been shown off in los angeles,

united states.

SURVEILLANCE (n) - Sự giám sát - close observation of a person or group

Many times, a person suspected of something illegal by the authorities is placed under surveillance, meaning he or she is

closely watched to see if their suspicions are well founded

Eg 1 : To be under surveillance

Eg 2 : Staircases were sealed off with bars, the source said, and the area was covered by armed patrols and surveillance

cameras


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FIERCE (adj) - Dữ dội, mãnh liệt - marked by extreme and violent energy

Fierce is ferocious and forceful, like a lion. when you are fierce, opponents fear you. despite their loss, the talented jv

team put up a fierce fight against the varsity squad

Eg 1 : Strikes signal fierce escalation in syria ballistic missile attacks on aleppo left homes pulverized beyond recognition

and people torn to shreds instantly

Eg 2 : But competition on the south side was fierce in those days, and he moved back home after failing to establish

himself

NATIVE (adj) - Bản địa - belonging to one by birth,an indigenous person

The word native has to do with where you're from. you're native to the country where you were born, and places have

native plants and animals too

Eg 1 : Many native artists studied abroad

Eg 2 : Native windows 8 apps look striking, but 3rd party software is marred by blurry text

HARNESS (n, v) - Khai thác - exploit the power of

Harness natural forces and resources

Eg 1 : If these physical assets can be harnessed, scotland will be quite a side

Eg 2 : Into his sailing jackets he introduced integrated safety harnesses, which have saved many lives

OVERCOME (v) - Vượt qua, khắc phục - win a victory over

Use the verb overcome when you talk about someone who has triumphed over adversity. it's great to see a friend who's

always struggled in school overcome his learning disabilities and make the honor roll.

Eg 1 : But, then again, andino has overcome tougher odds before.

Eg 2 : At age 70, she had overcome adversity many times before.

SPATIAL (adj) - Không gian - pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space

Spatial describes how objects fit together in space, either among the planets or down here on earth. there's a spatial

relationship between mars and venus, as well as between the rose bushes in the backyard.

Eg 1 : A chapter has closed in a spatial sense, but another has opened.

Eg 2 : Three sidesteps, natural spatial awareness, startling pace: the scots had absolutely no answer.

IMPEDE (v) - Làm trở ngại, ngăn cản, cản trở - be a hindrance or obstacle to

To impede something is to delay or block its progress or movement. carrying six heavy bags will impede your progress if

you're trying to walk across town

Eg 1 : But mr. kirk said that his departure would not impede progress toward a deal.

Eg 2 : Continued congressional polarisation would maintain policy uncertainty, confound debt and deficit negotiations,

and impede economic growth.

ABNORMAL (adj) - Khác thường - not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

If you get a snowstorm in the middle of july, you could say that you are experiencing "abnormal weather." something

that is abnormal is out of the ordinary, or not typical

Eg 1 : Every one of us, no matter how damaged or abnormal or shut down, we're all looking for love.

Eg 2 : We are trying to regulate abnormal fees charged by some lawyers.


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FRUSTRATION (n) - Làm thất vọng, sự làm vỡ mộng - the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in

attaining your goals

Frustration is a feeling of annoyance that occurs when something doesn't go as you expect. there are few things more

likely to cause frustration for an impatient driver than rush hour traffic

Eg 1 : Strong at fielding long kicks and making ground in return, but let his frustration boil over at times.

Eg 2 : Her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration

SEVERITY (n) - Khốc liệt, dữ dội - extreme plainness

Severity is a plain, no-frills hardness-or the degree of hardness. you might talk about the severity of the northern winter,

or the severity of your grandfather's discipline

Eg 1 : Some appear effective in reducing asthma severity, but there is little evidence to support others.

Eg 2 : The severity depends in part on how someone is built, he said.

ENCOURAGE (v) - Khuyến khích, cổ vũ - inspire with confidence; give hope to

When you encourage someone, you give him or her the courage or confidence to do something, like when you

encourage your little brother to play harder by yelling his name from the sidelines of the soccer field

Eg 1 : Hayward blamed excessive caution, so costs were slashed and risk was encouraged.

Eg 2 : His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife

TEND (v) - Hướng tới, nhắm tới - have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

If you manage, run, or work at a store, you can say you tend it. if you tend the bar in a restaurant, for example, you serve

drinks, dry glasses, and fill dishes with pretzels

Eg 1 : The best stories for selling tend to be soft news.

Eg 2 : Large, reputable western banks have been involved in criminal scandals before, of course, but the cases have

tended to be isolated.

COMPENSATE (v) - Bù, đền bù, bồi thường - make amends for; pay compensation for

Compensate is about correcting for an imbalance. if you step in an unmarked pothole, the city may compensate you by

paying your doctor bills treating a broken ankle.

Eg 1 : But the big fine imposed by u.s. regulators and provisions to compensate customers for mis-sold products will eat

into profits

Eg 2 : Both companies agreed to compensate owners for the added fuel costs

SEPARATE (adj, v) - Riêng rẽ, rời, không dính với nhau - her government has made more than two dozen separate

announcements of stimulus packages

Things that are separate are kept apart from other things. a married couple heading for divorce might eat breakfast at

separate tables

Eg 1 : Her government has made more than two dozen separate announcements of stimulus packages.

Eg 2 : Obama said he, too, wanted to keep the two issues separate.

THERAPY (n) - Chữa bệnh - the act of caring for someone

Therapy is the act of caring for someone, or the method of caring. if you have a rare disease, your doctor's therapy will

hopefully cure you

Eg 1 : The baby had been off therapy for at least five months, dr. gay said


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Eg 2 : Heat therapy gave the best relief

ASTEROID (n) - Hành tinh nhỏ - small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun

An asteroid is a large, irregularly shaped object in space that orbits our sun. if one of these giant rocks ends up on a

collision course with earth, we are in for big trouble

Eg 1 : Barely a few hours later, an even bigger one made the closest approach to earth ever recorded for an asteroid of

its size.

Eg 2 : First, on february 15, russia was hit with the biggest asteroid in 100 years.

HYPOTHESIS (n) - Giả thuyết - a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true

would explain certain facts or phenomena

In science, a hypothesis is an idea or explanation that you then test through study and experimentation. outside science,

a theory or guess can also be called a hypothesis.

Eg 1 : A scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory

Eg 2 : Teachers are encouraged to help move from a general question by prompting them to develop working

hypotheses.

GLACIAL (adj) - Nước đá,sông băng - relating to or derived from a glacier

Things that are glacial are super cold. a place can be glacial - like the south pole - but a person can be glacial, too, like

that unfriendly girl who gave you a glacial stare

Eg 1 : Taken on iceland's eastern coast, this photo shows glacial ice washing ashore after breaking off a giant glacier.

Eg 2 : Iceland is an extremely windy place, where powerful winds meet broad glacial floodplains

MELT (v) - Sự nấu chảy; sự tan - reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating

To melt means to fade away slowly and disappear, like a snowman in the middle of the sahara

Eg 1 : But as spring comes, snow and ice melt leaving vast stretches of desert and dry, sandy earth exposed.

Eg 2 : They melted while sturdier things like automotive paint survived with nothing worse than a good scouring.

PROMINENT (adj) - đáng chú ý, nổi bật - conspicuous in position or importance

If you're looking for an adjective that means "sticking out above the rest; famous," consider prominent. a prominent

person might be the big cheese, the head honcho, the top dog - not just any joe schmo.

Eg 1 : Prominent austrians in the audience came away impressed.

Eg 2 : Apple ceo tim cook was given a prominent spot in the first lady’s box.

SEDIMENT (n) - Trầm tích, lắng cặn - matter that has been deposited by some natural process

Sediment is the accumulation of sand and dirt that settles in the bottom of lakes. sediment is also what you get in the

bottom of a glass of iced tea when the sugar doesn’t all dissolve.

Eg 1 : A couple hundred miles away, in green river, utah, the sediment corresponds to a few million years later in time

Eg 2 : Sediment was about 30 percent nearer its target, helped by more forested buffers being planted to limit runoff

into streams and rivers.

PARADIGM (n) - Mẫu - a standard or typical example

A paradigm is a standard, perspective, or set of ideas. a paradigm is a way of looking at something.

Eg 1 : Changing the agricultural paradigm will require new approaches.

Eg 2 : Even if these new shows end up being remakes of familiar paradigms, more is at stake here


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ERUPTION (n) - Sự nổ ra,phun (núi lửa) - the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

An eruption is an explosion of steam and lava from a volcano. this word is also used for other explosions, such as "an

eruption of emotions."

Eg 1 : It rolled up into the sky, joining the emerging eruption column.

Eg 2 : It was also by far the deadliest eruption in recorded history.

DEVASTATION (n) - Sự tàn phá, phá huỷ - the state of being decayed or destroyed

When there's devastation, there's terrible destruction. you can see the devastation from a violent hurricane and feel

devastation over all the people that were injured.

Eg 1 : Severe spending cuts will unleash waves of devastation across the u.s.

Eg 2 : After the devastation suffered by the suburbs from rockets, rebel attacks on the city center are sparse in

comparison

FOSSILIZE (v) - Hoá thạch - convert to a fossil

When something fossilizes, it becomes a fossil, meaning it leaves an impression in the earth that far outlives the

organism

Eg 1 : There are fossilized dinosaur eggs that look like props from "alien."

Eg 2 : Authorities accused prokopi of having lied on u.s. customs forms when he declared the fossilized bones were

worth $19,000.

FAUNA (n) - Hệ động vật - all the animal life in a particular region or period

When you go on a nature walk in a school setting, you teacher might tell you to observe the flora and fauna in the

woods. flora is plant life; fauna refers to animals

Eg 1 : It denies surfing conditions will be affected, arguing that the sand is frequently moved in storms and is not rich in

flora and fauna.

Eg 2 : Nothing survives outside in such harsh conditions - no fauna and no flora.

EXTINCTION (n) - Tuyệt chủng - no longer in existence

Extinction is when all members of a particular group die. most often, we use it to discuss animal species. many fear that

the tiger is headed for extinction because of development and hunting.

Eg 1 : The extinction of a species

Eg 2 : Scientists say unless the animals are properly protected some species could become extinction within decades.

SYNTHESIS () - Sự tổng hợp - the combination of ideas into a complex whole

Synthesis is a mixture, or a result that comes from adding things together. add salt to water, and the synthesis is salt

water. mix flour, sugar, butter, and eggs together and bake them, and the synthesis is a cake

Eg 1 : A standard dna synthesis machine then churns out the corresponding sequence

Eg 2 : Low temperatures stops the synthesis of new volatiles, so all those flavor compounds vanish

ADOPT (v) - Nhận nuôi; chấp nhận và thực hiện - take into one's family;choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies,

strategies or plans

You can adopt an air of nonchalance, a fake british accent, or even a stray dog. when you adopt something, you

consciously select it and accept it as your own.

Eg 1 : The final budget will be adopted in early may.

Eg 2 : More researchers were adopting an evolutionary approach to understanding human and animal cognition.


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GRADUAL (adj) - Dần dần, từ từ, từng bước một - proceeding in small stages

Use the adjective gradual to describe something that happens slowly, bit by bit, like the gradual increase in the amount

of daylight in winter

Eg 1 : Woods went through a similar equipment change when he turned pro, though his was more gradual.

Eg 2 : His successor, rex tillerson, has overseen a gradual opening up

CATACLYSM (adj) - Biến động lớn - severely destructive

Something that's cataclysmic is violently destructive. the word often refers to natural disasters, like a cataclysmic

earthquake, but cataclysmic can describe other events as well as long as they're bad enough, like the cataclysmic failure

you had making meatloaf.

Eg 1 : Right-wing israelis and hamas leaders alike are pushing for a cataclysmic fight.

Eg 2 : Everybody who lost a loved one on that cataclysmic day was immeasurably grief-stricken.

NOTION (n) - ý niệm, khái niệm,quan điểm - a general inclusive concept

If you have a notion that you can swim across the ocean, you are probably wrong. a notion is an idea, often vague and

sometimes fanciful

Eg 1 : Product teams may be disheartened when their preconceived notions turn from promising hypotheses into failed

experiments.

Eg 2 : That notion would have felt ludicrous three minutes from full-time.

PROPONENT (n) - đề nghị, đề xuất, đề xướng - a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea

Proponent means someone who is in favor of something. you might be a proponent of longer vacations, but your

parents are proponents of a longer school year.

Eg 1 : Proponents say having the roles filled by a single person concentrates too much corporate power and can lead to

conflicts of interest.

Eg 2 : Proponents argue that operators of vehicles, for example, must have liability insurance, so gun owners should as

well.

CATASTROPHE (n) - Tai ương, tai biến, thảm hoạ - a sudden violent change in the earth's surface

A catastrophe is a disaster. if a wedding reception is disrupted by a fistfight between the bride and her new mother-in-

law, you could call the occasion a catastrophe.

Eg 1 : Climate engineering may be able to keep temperatures low, unless some other catastrophe occurs.

Eg 2 : Lack of funds has resulted in a catastrophe for our school system

ARCHAEOLOGIST (n) - Nhà khảo cổ học - an anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture

An archaeologist is a scientist who studies human history by digging up human remains and artifacts

Eg 1 : Archaeologists have unearthed olive pits at sites dating to about 8,000 years old.

Eg 2 : And dating as far back as 6,000 years ago, archaeologists find evidence of olive oil production in carmel, israel,

besnard said.

EXCAVATE (v) - đào,khai quật - find by digging in the ground

To excavate is to remove or find by digging. if you have rocky soil in your garden, you may have to excavate it to remove

the rocks and replace them with additional soil.

Eg 1 : The mining company wants to excavate the hillside

Eg 2 : A derelict farm in strabane was also excavated but tests had proved negative.


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REALM (n) - Vương quốc - a domain in which something is dominant

A realm is an area that is ruled by something. if you are a controlling cook who doesn’t like anyone to do anything else in

the kitchen, then the kitchen is your realm.

Eg 1 : Meanwhile, he argues, large realms of black experience are being ignored.

Eg 2 : A lot of this discussion takes place in a total fantasy realm where costs are never considered

EXOTIC (adj) - Kỳ lạ,vật ngoại lai, vật từ nước ngoài đưa vào - being or from or characteristic of another place or part of

the world

Something so unusual that it must be from some unfamiliar place is exotic. an exotic pet might be a panda, instead of a

hamster. an exotic trip might be a journey to the galapagos islands, instead of to orlando's sea world

Eg 1 : While most iditarod racers are from alaska, a few have exotic backgrounds.

Eg 2 : Exotic plants in a greenhouse

COMMODITY (n) - Hàng hoá,tiện nghi - articles of commerce

A commodity is any useful or valuable thing, especially something that is bought and sold. grain, vegetables, and

precious metals are commodities, but so are personal qualities that can be used to make money: originality and

imagination are rare commodities in the film business.

Eg 1 : Since commodity prices are higher than they were several decades ago, deposits once not worth digging up can

now be mined at a profit

Eg 2 : Wasn't being big in trading commodities, as opposed to merely digging the stuff out of the ground, meant to offer

shareholders protection?

LUCRATIVE (adj) - Có lợi, sinh lợi - producing a sizeable profit

Use lucrative to refer to a business or investment that makes money. the drug trade has proved very lucrative, if

dangerous, for people willing to risk their lives to take part in it.

Eg 1 : He has offers to switch to rugby or basketball and turned down a lucrative proposal from the united states to fight

in mixed martial arts.

Eg 2 : Valco pulled out the lucrative insurance business by backing a separate management buyout.

MERCHANT (n) - Nhà buôn, lái buôn - a businessperson engaged in retail trade

A merchant is someone who works in or owns a retail business and sells goods. in paris you can stroll from merchant to

merchant, buying a loaf of bread in one shop and a wedge of cheese in another.

Eg 1 : The decline has been largely attributed to the increased presence of armed guard detachments on board

merchant vessels.

Eg 2 : It makes money by charging participating merchants a small fee.

PENETRATE (v) - Thâm nhập,nhìn thấu - pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

To penetrate is to force into or pierce through. if the fog is thick as pea soup, your flashlight won't penetrate it. if you

stubbornly ignore good advice, people might say nothing can penetrate that thick skull of yours

Eg 1 : Thinktanks, government agencies, human rights groups and law firms have all been penetrated.

Eg 2 : Why are chromebooks penetrating school systems at this brisk pace?

INHERIT (v) - Thừa hưởng, thừa kế - receive from a predecessor

When your grandmother dies, you might inherit her tea set. regardless of her death, you might inherit her sense of

humor or rather large nose. to inherit is to receive from a predecessor

Eg 1 : Her father inherited the family bank, founded by chen’s grandfather and later publicly listed.


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Eg 2 : But in modern times, inheriting an old house often is more trouble than it's worth.

ENLIST (v) - Tuyển (quân),tranh thủ, giành được - join the military,hire for work or assistance

To enlist is to voluntarily join the military. you may have seen television commercials or posters encouraging people to

enlist.

Eg 1 : After enlisting i reported to the fort meade military entrance processing station on 1 october 2007.

Eg 2 : He volunteered to go to southeast asia as an enlisted man, where he earned two purple hearts.

VESSEL (n) - ống, mạch - an object used as a container

What do a canoe, a soda can, and your arteries have in common? each one is a type of vessel. a vessel can be a ship, a

container for holding liquids, or a tube that transports blood throughout your body.

Eg 1 : Seasonal ice in the chukchi sea delayed shell vessels from moving north.

Eg 2 : He denied his vessels have loaded oil from iran while at anchor in the gulf

PROJECTILE (n, v) - đạn,phóng ra, bắn ra - a weapon that is forcibly thrown or projected at a targets but is not self-

propelled

A projectile is a type of weapon that is propelled towards its target. if you shoot a gun at someone, the bullet is a

projectile, but the gun itself is not

Eg 1 : In both cases, loose lawn items will easily become flying and potentially deadly or damaging projectiles.

Eg 2 : Sakani escaped, but a handgun, homemade projectiles and some explosives were found.

CATAPULT (v, n) - Phóng,bắn - shoot forth or launch

A catapult is something that hurls things through the air, like a catapult that send pumpkins flying in an annual

halloween competition.

Eg 1 : In other words: there would be no divorce segment catapulting into your living room unannounced.

Eg 2 : But a little more than a year later, support dropped back until being catapulted by the newtown shootings.

STEM (v, n) - Phát sinh, bắt nguồn - grow out of, have roots in, originate in

Sometimes stem means to originate; other times it means to stop something its source. you stem the flow of a river, but

you can also observe that a river's flow stems from a spring.

Eg 1 : Money pouring into new build could help to stem price rises while boosting the construction industry.

Eg 2 : Most wars are prolonged by motives of revenge stemming from earlier hostilities.

SEIZE (v) - Chiếm đoạt, cướp lấy,nắm vững - take hold of; grab

Infomercial salesmen constantly tell you to seize the opportunity to buy their product while you still can. supplies are

limited! after all, everyone will want that solar-powered puppy petter, so you'd better grab the opportunity and buy

two!

Eg 1 : Illegal elephant ivory and rhino horn are routinely seized in large quantities, too.

Eg 2 : His assets could be seized if he does not meet bail

EXPEDITION (n) - Cuộc viễn chinh,thám hiểm - an organized group of people undertaking a journey for a particular

purpose

An expedition is an organized journey that is undertaken for a particular purpose, like a group of scientists launching an

expedition to south america to seek out a new medicinal herb

Eg 1 : But all too often these kind of expeditions end up looking like stunts.

Eg 2 : An expedition was sent to explore mars


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RAID (v, n) - đột kích,khám xét bất ngờ - a sudden short attack

An attempt by speculators to defraud investors

Eg 1 : Finally the authorities stepped in, a curfew was imposed and the raids stopped, for a while

Eg 2 : Police in italy raided an asda supplier and found that tomato puree, labelled made in china, had been imported

from china

SURGE (v) - Sự dấy lên, dâng trào lên - rise and move, as in waves or billows

A surge is a sudden strong swelling, like a tsunami wave that engulfs the land. although a surge offers a fluid image,

anything can experience a sudden surge, including emotions, political support, or an angry mob

Eg 1 : Today, he helps power a czech communist party that has surged to second place in polls, tapping anger over

poverty and graft.

Eg 2 : He spent the next year in the shadows, demoralized and depressed, before surging back in december.

CONQUER (v) - Chinh phục, chế ngự - take possession of by force, as after an invasion

To conquer is to defeat someone or something, usually with force, like army troops that conquer enemy territory, or

your lunchtime hunger which you conquer with a sandwich and cup of soup.

Eg 1 : Rising above depression means, more than anything, conquering that fear of failure.

Eg 2 : Remember napoleon, the french tactical master seeking to conquer europe.

ACKNOWLEDGE (v) - Thừa nhận, công nhận,tỏ lòng biết ơn, cảm tạ - declare to be true or admit the existence or reality

or truth of

To show that you know something is to acknowledge it. waving "hello" to acknowledge a friend and nodding your head

"yes" to acknowledge that you agree with what's being said are both acts showing knowledge or acceptance of someone

or something.

Eg 1 : He acknowledged international concerns over japan's monetary policy and worries a sliding yen could spark

competitive currency devaluations

Eg 2 : She acknowledged that she might have forgotten

RAVAGE (v, n) - Tàn phá - cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

The word ravage can be used as a noun or a verb meaning destruction or to destroy. in a war, bombs and the attacking

army will ravage the country under siege

Eg 1 : Humans as a species have ravaged the earth in many other ways.

Eg 2 : U.s. taxpayers are being ravaged by climate-influenced economic losses

OCCUPY (v) - ở, chiếm đóng - keep busy with

When you spend a lot of your free time reading tea leaves, you occupy yourself with that pastime, meaning it takes up

your time and keeps you busy

Eg 1 : Hundreds of students have occupied a second building at sussex university as part of an escalating dispute over

the privatisation of campus services.

Eg 2 : The increase suggests sales of previously occupied homes will continue rising in the coming months.

EVENTUALLY (adv) - Cuối cùng - after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

Eventually refers to an unspecific time when something will be completed, and it usually suggests it won't be done soon

Eg 1 : The shot was initially waved off, but the referees eventually reversed the call

Eg 2 : Eventually, georgetown got going and led by as many as seven points in the first half


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LONGEVITY (n) - Sự sống lâu - the property of being long-lived,last for a long time

At the root of longevity is the word long. so when you see longevity, think - a long time." in fact, this word has some

serious longevity, since it's been around since the 1600s. longevity is most commonly used to describe the length of

one’s lifetime, but it can also mean a long duration, such as one’s longevity working for a certain company for an

extended period of time

Eg 1 : Despite rising longevity, congress created an option for early retirement at age 62 in 1961

Eg 2 : Until recently, most studies linking diet with health and longevity focused on calorie restriction

EVAPORATE (v) - Làm bay hơi,làm khô - to fade away or to literally turn into vapor

People often use the word evaporate metaphorically because it produces a strong image of something disappearing like

vapor. when the economy goes through a rough patch, funding for projects like education and the arts tends to

evaporate or disappear. your feelings for a mate might evaporate after you spend too much time with him or her

Eg 1 : Traditional equity financing deals have all but evaporated, leaving many small miners high and dry.

Eg 2 : Tomato fruits are constantly making more volatiles to replace those that have evaporated

INFRASTRUCTURE (n) - Cơ sở hạ tầng - the basic foundation or underlying framework of an organization or system

Infrastructure often refers to the equipment and structures required by the military or by a country or region. roads,

bridges, and school buildings are part of our nation's infrastructure, and are necessary for the continued growth of our

communities. this word was formed as a compound in english, using the prefix infra- "below, underneath."

Eg 1 : New infrastructure, better technology, growing urbanisation and the return of emigrants will keep fuelling

business

Eg 2 : Deadly accidents caused by poor management and a decrepit infrastructure have taken place since mr. morsi took

office

ECOLOGY (n) - Sinh thái học - the noun ecology describes the environment as it connects to living things, or the branch

of biology that studies that environment.

The german zoologist ernst haeckel coined the word ecology almost 150 years ago, and it should come as no surprise -

his being a serious scientist and all - that he combined a couple of greek words to do it. oikos means "habitation" and -

ology means "the study of." so ecology started off as the study of where things live. more and more, though, the word is

used interchangeably with environment.

Eg 1 : She studies bird behavior, reproduction, and ecology at large scales using data from citizen science networks

Eg 2 : His previous research has focused on chimpanzee ecology in cameroon and ring-tailed lemur nocturnal behavior

on st. catherines island

CONFRONT (v) - Chạm trán, đương đầu,đối mặt - oppose, as in hostility or a competition

Confront means either to face a situation that makes you uncomfortable, or to say something to someone about

something they've done that bothers you. rather than letting things go, when people are rude to you you should

confront them.

Eg 1 : They are confronted on all sides by misery, poverty, insecurity, crime

Eg 2 : The riot police feel they are dragged into politics by being forced to confront protesters during mass rallies, he said

DECEPTION (n) - Sự dối trá, sự lừa dối, sự lừa gạt - a misleading falsehood,a lie or a trick

Deception occurs when you deceive, a word that comes from the latin de- meaning "from" and capere, meaning "to

take." when you deceive someone, the result may be taking - like items you don't really need from people willing to give


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them, believing they are helping you. you may have heard the phrase "take someone for a ride." that's a way of

describing deception

Eg 1 : He used deception within china to hide his activities not only from the authorities but from chinese companies as

well, the officials added

Eg 2 : The university said "the proper authorities" are investigating a "very cruel deception."

SPECTACULAR (adj) - đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục - sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect;having a quality that thrusts

itself into attention

Spectacular is both a noun and an adjective. the noun spectacular refers to a big, beautiful production, like a play or

musical performance that has a huge cast and many dance numbers.

Eg 1 : On coming to office, he staged a spectacular featuring a host of disney characters

Eg 2 : "looking at her numbers, she is having a spectacular year."

IMMERSE (v) - Nhúng, nhấn chìm, ngâm - devote (oneself) fully to; enclose or envelop completely, as if by swallowing

If you immerse yourself in your work, you completely involve yourself in it, spending long hours in the office and

thinking about work all the time.

Eg 1 : The best global leaders need to immerse themselves in local cultures

Eg 2 : Since the port said tragedy, bradley has immersed himself in egyptian society

CORRELATION (n) - Sự tương quan - a reciprocal relation between two or more things

Correlation is something that scientists are often trying to show - is there a correlation between smoking and poor

health or between napping and productivity? how about daily flossing daily and good grades?

Eg 1 : What does it say that there’s been no direct correlation between games causing violence?

Eg 2 : When connected to all these data sources, machine learning can help make correlations that prevent marketing

fails.

CONTAMINATE (v) - Làm bẩn, làm ô uế - make impure

The verb contaminate means the same as pollute. whether it’s food, air, or water, when you contaminate something,

you make it impure or hazardous.

Eg 1 : "our case is about the u.n. dumping contaminated sewage in haiti's waters that has caused thousands of deaths,"

he said.

Eg 2 : Don't drink the water,it's contaminated

CONCEDE (v) - Nhận, thừa nhận - acknowledge defeat

If you concede something, you admit that it is true, proper, or certain - usually in an unwilling way and often in the

context of a competition, as in "at midnight, the candidate finally conceded defeat."

Eg 1 : Mr mayer concedes that dispersed shareholding produces benefits

Eg 2 : On the other hand, he conceded, it could all end tomorrow

CONTROVERSY (n) - Cuộc tranh luận, cuộc bàn cãi - a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong

disagreement

Controversy means a public dispute in which there is strong disagreement, but the topic can be as unimportant as a new

movie. there might be a controversy in the pages of fashion magazines over whether shorter hems are really in style, or

whether fashion models should be as thin as they are.

Eg 1 : "if you get into such controversy, you not only lose money but your reputation is also at stake," he said.

Eg 2 : Why do you think there has been so much controversy surrounding this game?


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EXAGGERATE (v) - Phóng đại, cường điệu - to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth

When you exaggerate you stretch the truth. fishermen tend to exaggerate the size of their fish. and children tend to

exaggerate the seriousness of their cuts, in order to get a cute band-aid

Eg 1 : She describes the experience of being an outsider in that rarefied world with typical astuteness, but at times

exaggerates for effect

Eg 2 : Over and over again, the modern science of nutrition has wandered off the reservation by making exaggerated

claims

DEGRADE (v) - Làm giảm giá trị, giảm sút - reduce in worth or character, usually verbally or lower the grade of

something; reduce its worth

Degrade means to put down a degrading comment is one that makes the subject feel bad, a degraded field is one whose

soil has been worn out. if you move from an a average to a b, you've been degraded.

Eg 1 : The researchers were surprised, jha says, because stressful experiences tend to degrade working memory

Eg 2 : His faculties had indeed degraded, but in some ways he remained as sharp as ever

EXPLANATION (n) - Sự giải thích, sự thanh minh - the act of explaining; making something plain or intelligible

An explanation is a statement about how or why something is the way it is. if you're failing math, you'd better come up

with a good explanation to give to your parents.

Eg 1 : Explanations for their disappearance have historically involved climate change,”hyperdisease,”• comet impact,

and hungry humans

Eg 2 : He also put forward an explanation of his own: barcelona may be suffering a physical dip

ABRUPTLY (adv) - Bất ngờ, đột ngột - quickly and without warning

If the weather changes abruptly, from bright and sunny to pouring down rain, you're going to get wet. when something

happens abruptly, it is sudden and unexpected.

Eg 1 : The letters stopped abruptly, and spiro said he believes someone told chapman not to write to the police

department anymore

Eg 2 : As he walked toward deborah, dukes stopped abruptly, turned around and headed back to the podium

IMPRINT (v, n) - đóng dấu,in sâu,ảnh hưởng sâu sắc - mark or stamp with or as if with pressure;establish or impress

firmly in the mind

To imprint is to mark or stamp something, like with the name of a publisher. it also can refer to any kind of impression or

influence.

Eg 1 : She subsequently settled in new york and set up bola press, the independent imprint which published most of her

works

Eg 2 : Fifty shades is published by a random house imprint called virago

PRIMITIVE (adj, n) - Nguyên thuỷ, ban sơ,gốc - little evolved from or characteristic of an earlier ancestral type,belonging

to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

Primitive is related to the word prime, and the root of both words is primus, which is latin for "first." since the phrase

"primitive man" refers to the world's first people, you might think that the word primate has something to do with the

similarity between early humans and monkeys, but it doesn't. monkey, apes, and humans are called primates because

they're seen as standing on the first, or highest, rung of the animal-kingdom ladder

Eg 1 : His real metier turned out to be primitive violence.

Eg 2 : We’re so clever and civilized, but our hearts are very primitive.


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ACCELERATE (v) - Gia tốc,làm nhanh thêm - move faster

Accelerate means to speed up. a car accelerates when you step on the gas. you can accelerate the process of getting a

visa if you happen to know someone who works in the consulate

Eg 1 : He accelerated the car

Eg 2 : Even as gates continued to press his case, the administration quietly accelerated its planning for war

ANALYZE (v) - Phân tích - analyze means to study or examine something carefully in a methodical way

This verb analyze comes from the noun analysis. the noun analysis was in turn borrowed from greek, from analyein, or

"to dissolve." if you go into analysis, it means that you will be examined and helped by a mental health professional -€”

who will analyze your particular problems and help you find solutions

Eg 1 : Ford said he watched texas' comeback against oklahoma twice, trying to analyze why it happened

Eg 2 : Worse, critics say the methods used to analyze that data are also deeply flawed in many cases

EXPOSE (v) - Phơi bày, bóc trần, vạch trần, bộc lộ - to show, make visible or apparent;put in a dangerous,

disadvantageous, or difficult position,expose to light, of photographic film

This also means to make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was

meant to be kept a secret

Eg 1 : Kids should be exposed to the creative work and problem solving that you get in computer science

Eg 2 : Humans being exposed to sewage happens all the time around the globe

INTRIGUING (adj) - Hấp dẫn, gợi thích thú, kích thích sự tò mò - capable of arousing interest or curiosity

Intriguing things or people arouse curiosity and have an indescribable draw. if you find the night sky intriguing and enjoy

pondering the limitlessness of the universe, you should consider becoming an astronomer.

Eg 1 : Why patrick seems to fascinate and exacerbate so many us racing fans is intriguing

Eg 2 : It also raises an intriguing question: could seattle fall for big-time hockey all over again?

RAMIFICATION (n) - Sự phân nhánh, sự chia nhánh - a development that complicates a situation;the act of branching

out or dividing into branches

The ramifications are the broader effects that fan out into the world from one situation, or decision, that kicks it all off.

ramification also refers to something branching out, like limbs on a tree - which is what bad decisions tend to do.

ramification is like consequence, but usually unintended and bad. the word is often used in political discussions about

laws or government decisions because they might be made locally but could affect people worldwide.

Eg 1 : As usual, they’ll be looking for emerging trends in economic growth, rather than political ramifications

Eg 2 : The court's decision had many unforeseen ramifications

DISPUTE (n, v) - Cuộc bàn cãi, cuộc tranh luận - coming into conflict with;a disagreement or argument about something

important;

The noun dispute means any conflict or disagreement. the countries were in the middle of a border dispute; both sides

claimed the toxic waste dump belonged to the other. as a verb, dispute can mean to quarrel or argue, but it can also

mean to take exception to something. if your boasting friend crows because you lost the trivia game to her by 150

points, you may want to dispute the facts. it was only 145 points

Eg 1 : The ongoing dispute, however, involves far larger amounts

Eg 2 : South sudan accused sudan two weeks ago of building up troops near the border, much of which is disputed

HAUNT (v, n) - ám ảnh,nơi thường lui tới - the verb to haunt means to appear as a ghost or some kind of supernatural


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phenomenon;be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place

The first recorded usage of the word haunt is in william shakespeare's a midsummer night's dream, a play filled with

supernatural characters running around scaring the knickers off each other. as shakespeare knew, haunting is at its most

effective in the passive voice, because there is much more drama in being haunted than haunting. another use of the

word haunt is as a noun, and it means "a place that is frequented often," like a popular hangout. the gym, a bar, a

corner: these are all potential haunts. the dentist, the principal's office, a busy intersection: these are not.

Eg 1 : The ghost of her mother haunted her

Eg 2 : Ms. ortega was still haunted by the past, but now she was speaking back

ENIGMA (n) - ẩn số,bí ẩn - something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained,a difficult problem

Take the noun, enigma, for something that is a puzzle or a mystery. why do you have to learn difficult words like this?

that is an enigma

Eg 1 : Apple has turned from being a glamorous company to becoming an enigma

Eg 2 : A rare german enigma enciphering machine from world war ii is being auctioned in london

HOAX (n, v) - Tin vịt báo chí;trò lừa - something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage

If you put on big fake feet, stomp through your muddy backyard and tell everyone you saw bigfoot fixing a steak on your

grill, you are playing a hoax on your friends

Eg 1 : Once the hoax was uncovered, whitehaven shares recovered the losses

Eg 2 : Twice last year, the coast guard also pursued time-consuming, high-profile searches that turned out to be hoaxes,

one in texas and another in new jersey

INHIBIT (v) - Ngăn chặn, hạn chế, kiềm chế - limit the range or extent of;limit, block, or decrease the action or function

of

When you inhibit something, you block it or hold it back. if you put plants in a dark room, you inhibit their growth. a

teacher who mocks their students for giving wrong answers inhibits their willingness to speak up in class.

Eg 1 : Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs

Eg 2 : Unanswered questions and limited additional evidence inhibited the police of going further

SOW (v, n) - Gieo; gieo gió gặt bão: sow the wind and reap the whirlwind - place (seeds) in or on the ground for future

growth

When you plant seeds in the ground, you sow them. you can also sow things like doubts or ideas, simply by spreading

them around. if your ideas (or your seeds) develop and grow, you've successfully sown them.

Eg 1 : Obama has sown nothing but discord, he argues

Eg 2 : Breeding sows are also kept outside, in fields for their productive life

ANOMALY (n) - Sự không bình thường, sự dị thường - deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule;

something that is unusual

The noun anomaly comes from the greek word anomolia, meaning "uneven" or "irregular." when something is unusual

compared to similar things around it, it's the anomaly. if you are an olympian who comes from a family of bookish types

who all find it strenuous to walk the dog, you are an anomaly

Eg 1 : The renewed scrutiny of charles's tax affairs has thrown up other possible anomalies in his arrangements

Eg 2 : Four steaks are on the menu, too - a pricey anomaly on an otherwise inexpensive card

INTRICATE (adj) - Rắc rối, phức tạp, khó hiểu - having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate

Anything intricate is complicated. chess is a very intricate game that you could study your entire life and still not know


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everything about. a two-part plan isn't very intricate. a 2000-step plan is intricate; it's harder to wrap your head around

Eg 1 : Early 3d printers could only work in one colour but the latest versions can produce intricate, multicoloured objects

Eg 2 : Fish are part of an intricate ecosystem with multiple checks and balances, acting as both prey and predator

GEOMETRY (n) - hình học - the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces

You study geometry in school, and you use it all the time, like calculating the best angle to cut a piece of wood for a

birdhouse, or when playing a game of pool. astronomers use geometry to measure planets millions of miles away - much

easier than finding a ruler that big

Eg 1 : "geometry is really important in chemistry," dr. hartings said

Eg 2 : But in three dimensions, these are not the only "nice" geometries out there

ERECT (v, adj) - Dựng nên, xây dựng,đứng thẳng - upright in position or posture

Erect means "build" or "upright." if you erect a house, you build it. if you stand erect, you hold your body as tall as

possible.

Eg 1 : In other words, he had decided it was time to erect a paywall

Eg 2 : Iran, too, has taken preparatory actions, erecting new perimeter fences around its underground enrichment plant

at qum.

ASSERTION (n) - Sự xác nhận, sự khẳng định, sự quả quyết, sự quyết đoán - a declaration that is made emphatically,the

act of affirming or asserting or stating something

To assert is to state with force. so if someone makes an assertion, they're not just trying out an idea - they really mean

it. an assertion can also be an act that seems to make a statement without words. when your dog urinates in multiple

places up and down your block, he's making an assertion of his dominance (also called "marking") over his "territory."

Eg 1 : He made the statement in response to an assertion by his other main rival

Eg 2 : The advocates' assertions were at times passionate and animated

STABLE (adj) - Vững vàng; ổn định - resistant to change of position or condition

When something is stable, it's fixed and steady. if you needed advice, you'd probably go to your most stable friend, the

one least likely to act crazy or be easily upset.

Eg 1 : In 2008, egypt and syria appeared stable; today they are in varying shades of chaos

Eg 2 : Some models, such as the federal home loan banks, have remained stable throughout the recession

TRAIT (n) - Nét,đặc điểm điểm,đặc thù - a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

In science, trait refers to a characteristic that is caused by genetics. having green eyes or being shorter than average are

traits a person might have. in more general use, a trait is an important part of someone's personality or appearance. try

to describe your favorite teacher in three words and you'll probably come up with a list of her essential traits - such as

compassionate, calm, and kooky

Eg 1 : Traits that affect our relationship negatively: critical, judgmental, overbearing, controlling, short fuse

Eg 2 : Domesticated species are important tools for comparative genomics, with traits honed by humans over thousands

of years

SPARSE (adj) - Thưa thớt, rải rác, lơ thơ - thin, not dense

Something that's sparse is thin, not dense. if you're looking for the perfect place to build a tree house, a sparse forest is

probably not your best bet.

Eg 1 : Marine air base to a sparsely populated part of japan's okinawa island

Eg 2 : The house was sparsely furnished, a sofa and one chair slip-covered in beige gone gray at the seats and arms


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