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TRANSCRIPT
CI!151!1PCK1!11il rOCY.QAPCTBEHHbllil YHHBEPCHTET nYTEIII C005LLtEHI!1fl
T.A. obiKa.Qopoea, E.<!>. KanycTMHa, 6.A. Macnoe, II.A. nepeB~3KMHa, A.B. neTyxoea
'::IEPTE>KIII Y3JlOB CTPOIIIT.EJlbHbiX KOHCTPYKUIII~
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'-"''JlOIITCJlbiii>IX CnCUHaJibi·IOCTdi CrYnC BblnOJIHHIOlllHX Ja.Lla!HIC «Y3nbl
LipOIITeJII,IfbiX KOHCTpYKlU!fl». 8 IICM )\alibi KpaTKHC CBCJlCHHll 0 KOIICrpyKUH
liX. 00 HX .l\l.'TaJiliX H COCN111CIIHliX, COL!Cp)l(aTCH )'KaJa!·ll1ll no COCTUBJICIIHIO H
o<jJOflMJICIIIHO •1epre)l(ei1. no I!CllOilbJOBmnno Y'le6uol1 mrreparypb! H rocy.uap
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pwBaer 3HaKOMCTBO cry,n;eHTOB CTpOHTeJibHblX CIIel.(lfaJibHOCTeM C qep
Te)l(aMH 3,LJ;aHHH, a TaK)I(e 11X KOHCTp~HH, .D;eTaJieH If COe,LJ;HHeHHH.
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HeHHH If ocpopMneHHH CTpOHTeJibHhiX qepTe)l(eH pa3JIHLJHOrO Ha3Ha
qeHMH, 11 I1p1106peCTH He06XO.D;HMble HaBbiKH HX IIpOLJTeHHH.
3a,n;aHHe IIO qepTe)l(aM" KOHCTpyKU.HH (MeTaJIJIHLJeCKHe If ,n;epeB~IH
Hhie cpepMbi) HBJIHeTCH O.D;HHM H3 3aBeprnaiOIIJ,HX Kypc qepqeHHH. )J,oIIOJIHHTeJibHO K 3HaHHHM, IIOJiyLJeHHhiM IIpH BbiiiOJIHeHHH npe,D;hi.n;y
IIJ,HX 3a,LJ;aHHH, cry,n;eHTbl .D;OJl)I(HbJ:
a) H3YLJHTb oco6eHHOCTH BbiiiOJIHeHHH H ocpopMJieHHH qepTe)l(eH
MeTaJIJIHLJeCKHX H ,n;epeBHHHhiX cpepM (BbJ6op MaCWTa6a, ycJIOBHhie
H3o6pa)l(eami, pacnoJio)l(eane H o6o3aaqeaHe H3o6pa)l(eHHH, aaae
ceawe pa3Mepos Iii T . .n;.)
6) no3HaKOMHThCH c aeKOTOphiMH cma.n;apTaMH yawcpwu.wposaaaoli
CHCTeMbi npoeKTHOH .D;OKyMeHTal.(HH .n;JIH CTpOHTeJihCTBa (Cll)J,C) If
cneiJ,HanbHhiMH f'OCTaMH ECK)J, no BbiiiOJIHeHHIO qepre)l(eH MeTannH
LJecKHx KOHCTPYKU.HH.
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1.1. lfepTe>KH y3noe MeTann~~t<fecK~~tx cjJepM
Ha JIHcTax cpopMaTa A3 BhiLJepLJHBaiOTCH reoMerpHLJeCKM cxeMa
cpepMbi B Macwm6e 1 :200, maBHhlli BH.n; 3a.n;aHaoro y3na cpepMbi H ce
qeHHH ero 3JieMeHTOB (M 1:4), KOTOpbie COe,LJ;HHeHbl 60JITaMH (JIHCT 1) H
CBapKOH (JIHCT 2), npOCTaBJIHIOTCH He06XO.D;HMbie pa3Mepb1.
IIcx(),n;Hhie .n;aHHbie npHBe,n;eHhl B npHJIO)I(eHHH. 0HH co.n;ep)l(aT reo
MeTpHLJeCKHe cxeMbi cpepM, HOMepa y3JloB, o6o3Hai.JeHHe H ceLJeHHH 3Jie
MeHTOB, cpopMbi <PacoaoK. )J,nH 6oJITOBhiX coe,n;HHeHHH YKa3aHni ,n;HaMerp
H LJI1CJ10 60JITOB, a ,Wrn CBapHbiX- pa3Mepbl WBOB (BbiCOTa H ,n;JIHHa).
HoMep BapHaHTa coOTBeTcTByeT nopH,n;KOBOMY HOMepy cpaMHJIHH
cry.n;eaTa B )l(ypaane rpynnhi.
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1.2. AeTanHposaHHe y311a ,qepesSIHHOiis cpepMbl
Ha O.UHOM-.usyx JlHCTax ¢opMaTa A3 (A4) B Macuna6e 1:10 (1:5) BhlL!epL1HBaiOTC51 ,UeTMH )'3Jla .uepeB.sJHHOH cpepMhl B OpTOfOHaJlhHhiX
11 aKCOHOMeTp114eCKMX npoeK~M5!X. HpocTaBJ15fiOTC5f cooTBeTCTBYIO
J..UI1e pa3Meph1. Hp11 Heo6xo,LJ,I1MOCTM BbinOJlH.sJIOTC5! ce4eHI15f, pa3pe-
3bl 11 T.,!J,.
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KoHCTpy11posaHI1e, MeTO.Uhi pacLieTa, coCTasneHMe 11 o¢opMneHI1e
LiePTe)KeH cTpo11TeJlbHhiX KOHCTPYK~I1H 3as11c.sJT oT MaTep11ana, 113 Ko
Toporo OHM mroTaBJ111BaiOTC5f. B cTpoMTeJlhCTBe np11MeH.sJIOTC5f pa3-
Jli14Hhie MaTep11aJlbi: ecTeCTBeHHbiH M 11CK)'CCTBeHHbiH KaMCHb, 6eTOH 11
)KeJle3o6eToH, .upesec11Ha, MeTaJlJl, MaCTMacchi 11 .up. CooTBeTCTBeHHO,
KOHCTPYK~I111, 113roTosneHHbie 113 3TI1X MaTep11anos, Ha3biBaiOTC5f 6e
TOHHbiMM, )KCJlC306eTOHHbiMI1, MeTaJ1JlMLICCKMMI1, .uepeB5fHHbiMI1 11 ,Up.
2.1. MeTannHYecKHe KOHCTPYKL.tHH
MeTMJ111L!ecKI1e KOHCTPYK~I111 naxo,U.sJT umpoKoe np11MeneHI1e 6na
ro.uap5f 11X BblCOKOH np04HOCTH, 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTH COe,UHHeHHH 3JleMeH
TOB, BblCOKOH CTeneHI1 11H,UyCTp11MbHOCTI1, 6biCTpore MOHTa)Ka. Oc
HOBHOH He.uocmToK - no.usep)KeHHOCTb Koppo3HH - ycTpaH5feTC.Il
noKpaCKOH, OOKpblTI1eM OOJlMMepHbiMI1 MaTepHMaMH HJ111 .UPYrHMH
MeTO.UaMI1 3all.(HTbi. qepTe)KM MeTMJlH4eCKMX KOHCTPYK~H B npoeKTax
BbJ,UeJ15fiOTC.Il B KOMnneKT no.u MapKoH KM, a Liepre)KaM .UeTaneti npM
csai1BaiOT MapKy KM,[(. B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT BH.Ua KOHCTp~MH 11 HX C04eTaHHH pa3JlHL!aiOT
CI1CTeMbl CTep)KHeBble 11 CflJlOillHble. B KaL!eCTBC np11MepOB CTep)KHe
BbiX KOHCTPYK~HH MO)KHO Ha3BaTb KapKaCbi 3.UaHI1M, HX nepeKpbiT115f B
BI1,Ue QlepM, apoK KynOJlOB, MOCTbl, aHrapbl, 3JlJlHHrH, Ma4Tbl, 6a!llHH,
HeQlT5fHble BbllllKM, onopbl J13H, 3CTaKa,Uhl 11 T.,U., a K COJlOillHbiM MO)K
HO OTHeCTI1 pe3epsyapbl, Tpy6bJ, 6yHKepa 11 ,Up.
B pyKoBO.UCTBe paccMaTp11BaiOTC5f cTponi1JlbHbie <}lepMbi. <l>epMOH
Ha3bJBaiOT reoMeTp114eCKI1 HeH3MeH.sJeMyiO KOHCTPYK~mo, o6pa3o
saHHYIO CTep)l<H.IIMI1, CB5f3aHHblM11 Me)K,!J,)' co6oH B Y3JlaX C OOMOI.l.(biO
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csapKH, 3aKnenoK, 6oJJTOB. B HacTo5Irnee BpeM5I 3aKJJenKH no'fTH
llOJlHOCTblO BbiTCCHCHbl CBapKOH 1:1 BbiCOKOllpO'lHbiMH 60JJTaMI1.
<l>epMbi COCT05IT 113 BepXHero 11 HIDKHero ll05ICOB, COe)J,I1HCHHbiX
Me)K)J,y C060H perneTKOH 113 paCKOCOB, TIOJI,BeCOK 11 CTOeK, a TaiOKe 113
,npyr.HX 3JleMeHTOB cpepM: cpaCOHOK, npoKJJa.IJ,OK, HaKJJa)J,OK 11 T.)J,.
(p11c. 1 ). PaccT05IHI1e Me)KJI,y y3naMI1 perneTKI1 B)J,OJJh no5Ica Ha3hiBa
eTC5l naHeJihiO, paccTOHHI1e Me)K)J,y onopaMI1 cpepMbl- ee nponeTOM.
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L 10 - naHenh HHJKHero nol!ca, L - nponeT <PepMhl, h0 - BhrcoTa Ha on ope, h - BhiCOTa a nporreTe
Puc. 1. reoMeTpwqecKall cxeMa <PepMhl
B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 oT apx11TeKTypHbiX, TexHono
rl1'fecKHx, 3KCOJiyaTaU110HHhiX 11 ,L1,pyri1X Tpe6o
BaHiiH cpepMI:.I MOryT 11MeTb pa3nH'lHhre oqepraH115I
(p11c. 2). MeTanJJn<IeCKI1e KOHCTPYKU1111 113roTasmma
IOTCH B OCHOBHOM 113 CTaJibHOrO npOKaTa: JI,ByTaB
pbi, IIIBeJJJiepbl, yrOJIKOBbJe Op0cp11JII1 paBHOTIO
JJOYHbie H HepaBHOTIOJJOYHbJe, TOJICTOJII1CTOBM 11
umpoKononocHa5I YHI1BepcanbHa5I CTaJih, CTaJib
Kpyrnoro 11 KBa.IJ,paTHoro ceYeHI1H, p11cpneHa5I
JJI1CTOBaH CTaJih, Tpy6hr 11 T.JI,. OcHOBHhie npocp11-
JTI1 H 11X reOMeTp11YeCKHe xapaKTep11CTI1KI1 Op11Be
)J,eHbl B COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ,HX CTaH,Ll,apTaX Ha COpTa
MeHT npoKaTHbiX npocpHJieH.
C nCt11JnllellbHbljo..jU
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5
B KOHCTPYKI.\11HX npoqm1111 copTaMeHTa npHMeHHJOTCH B pa311114-
HbiX co4eTaHmlx. Ce4eHHH 31leMeHTOB <f>epMbi cocTo.sn o6bi4HO H3
~syx-4eTbipex yronKOB, ~Byx lllBennepos, ~ByTaspos H T.~. HIDKe
paCCMOTpeHbl OT~eJlbHbie Bl1~bl COe;::I;HHeHHH, npHMeHHeMbiX B Me
Ta11JlH4eCKHX KOHCTPYKU:IfHX.
2.1.1. CaapHbte coe~uueuuH
ilp11 H3roTOBJJeHHH cTpoHTenbHbiX MeTMJ1114eCKHX KOHCTPYKQHH
npHMeHHeTCH npeHMy~eCT~eHHO 3JleKTpo~yroBaH CBapKa pa3J1Hl!
HblX BI1~0B: aBTOMaTHl!eCKa51 11 nonyaBTOMaTI14eCKaH 00~ <f>mOCOM, B
cpe~e 3a~I1THbiX ra30B, py4HaH CBapKa, :meKTpOlllJlaKOBaH, KOHTaKT
HaSI ::meKTpocsapKa H ~p. OcHOBHbie THnhi 11 KOHCTPYKTHBHhie 3JTe
MeHTbi CBapHbiX lllBOB H coe~HHeHHH pernaMeHTHpOBaHbl CTaH~ap
TaMH, r~e npe~yCMOTpeHbl CJTe~yJO~He BH~bl CBapHbiX COe~HHeHHH:
CTbiKOBOe, yrnOBOe, TaBpOBOe, HaxneCT04HOe. flo <f>opMe OO~rOTOB
KH KpOMOK pa311114aJOT COe~I1HCHWI: 6e3 CKOCa KpOMOK, CO CKOCOM
O~HOH KpOMKI1, C ~BYMH CI1MMeTp114HbiMI1 CKOCaMI1 O~HOH KpOMK11,
CO CKOCaMI1 ~BYX KpOMOK, C ~BYM.SI CHMMeTp114HbiMI1 CKOCaMH ~BYX
KpOMOK, C Kp11BOJTHHeHHbiM CKOCOM ~Byx KpOMOK.
ilo xapaKTepy BbinOJTHeHH.SilllBbl pa3~eJT.SIJOTCH: - O~HOCTOpOHHI1e 11 ~BYCTOpOHHHe ;
- cnJTOWHhie 11 npepniBHCThie;
- 3aBO~CKHe H MOHTIDI{Hbie;
- pa60411e 11 CBH3YJOll111e.
CTaH~apTaMI1 ycTaHosneHhi ycnoBHnie 113o6proKeHHH 11 o6o3Ha-
4eHI1H lllBOB no fOCTy 2.312-72 [2], a Ha CTpOHTeJTbHbiX 4epTe)!(aX
~onycKaeTCH np11MeHHTb ycnoBHbie H3o6pa)!(eHI1.SI csap11saeMniX co
e~HHeHI1H B COOTBeTCTBI1H C f0CT 21.501-93 [7], 2.410-68* [3]. Pa3Mepbi H o6o3Ha4eHHH lllBOB B 3TOM cny4ae yKa3niBaiOTCH 6e3 Bbi
HOCHhiX JlHHI1H, 11X OOMelllaJOT Henocpe~CTBeHHO Ha~ HJTH 00~ H30-
6pa)!(eHI1eM lllBa (p11C. 3 ).
6
leoMeTpw.JecKaH cxeMa cpepMbl M 1:200
83 85
2L80X9
~ 65 ~
230 455
0CHOBHaH HaAnlt1Cb
Puc. 3. 06pa3eU 3a,uaHI1J~ . Y3en MeTannw•IecKoi1 <j>epMbi. CsapHbie coe.z:~wHeHwll
2.1.2. I>OJITOBble COe,llHHeHHSI
BoJTThi BhmycKaiOT rpy6oH:, HOpMaJT.hHOH H noBhiWeHHOH TO'-IHOCTH,
a TaiOKe BhiCOKOnpO'-IH.hJe. TIOJTHhiH KOMnJTeKT COe~HHHTeJTbHbiX ~eTa
JTeH COCTOHT H3 C06CTBeHHO 60JTTa, raHKH H WaH6hi. I1x KOHCTp~IDI H
7
pa3Mepbl (HOpM~bHOH T04HOCT11) onpe)l,eJieHhl CJie)l,)'IOU\HMH CTaH)l,ap
TaMI1: 6om&I- fOCT 7796-70*, rai1KH- fOCT 591 5-70*, rnaii6&I
fOCT 11371-78*. OcHOBHbie pa3Mephi pe3b6&I npHHHMaJOTca no
rocT 8724-81 «0CHOBHhie HOpMbl B3ai1M03aMefUieMOCTI1. Pe3b6a MeT
pw!eCKaSJ. ~HaMeTpbl 11 warm>, fQCT 9150-81 «0CHOBHble HOpMbl
B3aHM03aMeHSJeMOCTI1. Pe3h6a MeTpl14eCKaSJ. IIpoclmJih», rocT 24705-81 «0cHOBHbie HOpMbl B3ai1M03aMemieMOCTH. Pe3h6a MeTpHl.fecKa.sJ. Oc
HOBHhle pa3Mepbr» (10). 0TsepcTI1SJ d0 B coe)l,I1HileMbiX 3JieMeHTax no)], 6oJTTbi rpy6oii H
HOpMaJibHOH TOl.fHOCTH CBepmiT HJTH npo)l,aBJTHBaiOT )l,HaMeTpOM Ha
2-3 MM 6oJTbllie )l,HaMeTpa 60JTTa, a 00)], 60JITbl nOBhlllieHHOH T04HO
CTI1- Ha 0,3 MM 60JibWe )l,l1aMeTpa 60JITa, T.e. :
do= d+ (2- 3) MM )l,JISJ 60JITOB HOpMaJibHOH 11 rpy6oii T04HOCTH,
do= d + 0,3 MM )l,JI.s! 60JJTOB llOBbiUleHHOH T04HOCTI1,
r)l,e d-)l,l1aMeTp 6oJTTa.
f1p04HOCTb 60JTTOBbiX COe)l,I1HeHI1H BO MHOfOM 3aBI1CI1T OT Ka4eCTBa
OTBepCTI1H, KOTOpble no HOpMaM pa3)l,eJTeHbl Ha )],Be rpynnbl: B 11 C. fpynne B COOTBeTCTBYIOT COe)l,I1HeHIDI, OTBepCTIDI KOTOphlX npocsep
JTeHbl Ha npOeKTHbiH )l,HaMeTp B co6paHHhTX 3JieMeHTaX no KOH)l,YKTO
paM. fpynne C- OTBepcTM.sJ, npo)l,aBJTeHHbie MJTM npocsepJTeHHbie 6e3
KOH)l,YKTOpOB.
0TJTI1411TeJTbHa.s! OC06eHHOCTb COe)l,HHeHIDI Ha BbiCOKOnp04HhlX
60JTTaX COCTOHT B TOM, 4TO ero pa6oTa OCHOBaHa Ha Tpemm, B03HI1-
KaiOJ.UeM Me)J()l,y COnpMKaCaiOUJ,HMHC.s! llOBepXHOCT.s!MH co6paHHbiX
)l,eTaJieH B pe3yJTbTaTe CHJlbHOfO HX C)J(aTMSJ 60JJTaMI1.
0TsepCTHH do B 3JTeMeHTaX nO)], BbiCOKOnp04Hble 60JITbl BbinOJI
H.s!IOT TaKHMM )!<e, KaK )l,Jl.s! 60JITOB HOpMaJibHOH T04HOCTIJ.· bJTafO)l,apSI
60JTblliOH CHile HaTSJ)J(eHHH 60JTTa, KOHTpOJTMpyeMOH np11 3aBMH4HBa
HHH raeK CneQMaJibHbiM TapHpOBaHHbiM KJII040M, o6ecne4HBaeTCS!
BbiCOKaH llJTOTHOCTb COe)l,MHeHH.s!.
~HaMeTp CTep)J(H.s! 60JTTa H 4HCJ10 60JITOB onpe)l,eJISJIOTC.s! paC4eTaMH.
f1p11 KOHCTpyHpOBaHHH 60JITOBbTX COe)l,HHeHHH CJTe)l,)'eT Ha3Hal.faTb
6oJTTbi O)l,HOro )l,HaMeTpa. PacnoJIO)J(eHHe 6oJTTOB B coe)l,HHeHHH MO)J(eT
6b!Tb pSI)l,OBOe HJIH lliaXMaTHOe C MHHHMaJibHblM HJIM MaKCMMaJihHbiM
paCCTO.s!HHeM Me)J()l,)' HHMH H )l,O KpaeB 3JieMeHTa. B CThiKax 11 Y3JiaX HX
npHHHMaiOT MHHHMaJibHbiMH (3d0), a Ha yqaCTKaX KpenJieHM.s! 3JieMeH-
8
TOB no scei1 .LVIHHe, BHe )'3JIOB H CThiKOB - MaKCHMaJibHbiMH ( 16d0) . Ha
pHC. 4 npHBe)J.eHbl MHHHMaJlbHhle 3Ha'-leHHR. PIIICKIII
-o n -c;·"---1--4-N~--~-+--~--+---~
WaxMaTHoe
Puc. 4. P a3Mem eHHe OTBepcTHti no.u 6onTbi
lJ,eHTpbl 60JITOB noMe~aiOT Ha npl!Mb!X J111Hl151X - pHCKaX, pac
nonaraeMhiX B.D.OJlh H nonepeK ycHJlHH (napanneJlhHO 11 nepneH,D,HKy
JlllpHo OCH 3JleMeHTa, pHC. 4). PaccTOliHHe Me)l(,ll,y OCliMH 6onTos B,D,OJlh ycHJlHH H<13hiBaeTcll rna
roM. EonTOBhie coe,D,HHeHHll MoryT 6hiTh shmonHeHhi BCThiK c Ha
KJla,D,KaMH l1 BHaXJieCT, KOr,D,a O,D,HH CThiKyeMhiH 3JleMeHT HaJlO)f(eH Ha
.D.pyroi1 (p11c. 5).
1 - 1
+ Coe.uHHCHHe 3JJeMeHTOB BHaxnecT
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Wl5J TI:itffi '1:::±:~=:::t:::::J ~ <PacoHKa
1 - 1
Coe.uHHCHHe 3JJeMeHTOB rrol!ca BCTbiK
Puc. 5. BH.Ubi 6oJJTOBbiX coe.uHHeHHti
9
2.2. AepeBSJHHble KOHCTPYK~IIIIII
Hap51:,ZJ,y c MeTannw-recKHMI1 11 )KeJle3o6eTOHHbiMI1 KOHCTPYJ<-U.IDIMI1 B
CTp011TeJlbHOH npaKTI1Ke W11pOKO np11MeiUUOTC}I 11 ~epeB}JHHble.
KaK cTp011TeJlhHbiH MaTepHan, ~epeso o6na~aeT p5i~OM nOJlO)KI1-
TeJlbHbiX Kal.JeCTB: JiefKO o6pa6aTbiBaeTC51, 11MeeT MaJlYIO cpe~HIOIO
nnoTHOCTh, HI13KYlO Tennonposo~HMOCTb, BbiCOKYlO npOl.!HOCTb. B p51~e paHOHOB Hawei:f CTpaHbl ~peseCI1Ha- MeCTHbiH CTpOHTeJihHbiH
MaTep11an.
,[(n5i CTpOHTeJibCTBa np11MeH51lOTC51 pa3J111l.JHble TlHJIOMaTepHallbl:
6peBHa, TIJlaCTI1Hhl, 6pyCh51, ,U:OCKH, pei:fKH 11 ,n:p.
qepl'e)KI1 ,n:epeB51HHbiX KOHCTpYKtJ,HH 0603Hal.JalOTC51 MapKOH K,ZJ,. th ,n:epesa BbinOJ1H51IOT cTeHbi, neperopo~KI1, nepeKpbtTI151, CTponl1-
na, 6anKH, <lJepMbi, KOJlOHHbl, TlOJlbl, OKOHHbie 11 ~BepHbie 6JlOKH 11 T.Tl.
3neMeHTbi ,n:epeB51HH&Ix KOHCTPYKUI1H coe,n:I1H}JIOTC51 c noMOllJblO spy-
6oK, HareJieH, 60JITOB, WTIOHOK, fB03~ei:f, KJie51 .
Y cJlOBHbie rpa<lJHl.JeCKHe H3o6pa)KeHI151 coe,n:I1Heum1 ~eTaneii ,n:epe
B51HHhiX KOHCTpyKU.HH ,n:aHbl B fQCT 21.501--93 (7]. Bpy6Ku l.Jalll,e scero npHMeH}JIOTC51 B coe,n:11HeHID1X ,n:eTanei:f 113 6pe
seH H 6pyc&eB B KOHCTPYKU.IDIX 3~aHHH, onop 11 nponeTHbiX cTpoeHI1H
MOCTOB, r~poTeXHI1l.JeCKHX 11 ,n:pyrHX HH)KeHepHbiX coop~eHH}JX. ITo
np11eMaM BblnOJIHeHI1}} Bpy6KI1 OTJlWiaiOTC}J 60J1bllii1M pa31-I006pa311eM.
Coe~I1H51eMhie spy6Koi:f 3JieMeHThi cKpenJ151IOTC51 scnoMoraTeJlhHhiMI1
CB51351MI1- 60J1TaMI1, XOMyTaMI1, CK06aMI1, fB03,U:51MH 11 T.,U:.
IllnoHKU MoryT 6b!Tb ~epeB51HHbie (npmMaTw'ieCKI1e, rronepel.J
Hhle, npO,U:OJlbHbie 11 KOCbie), a TaK)Ke MeTaJ1JII1l.JeCKHe (np113MaTI1l.!e
CKI1e 11 KOJibU,eBble). llinOHKI1 pa6oTaiOT Ha cpe3, npenHCTBYIOT B3a-
11MHOMY c.n;s11ry. Ha Bb!HOCHOH J1HHI111 YKa3bJBalOT KOJlHl.JeCTBO 11
pa3Mepbl WTIOHOK.
Haze!lu - cTep)KHI1 (B TOM l.JI1CJie 11 rBo3,n:H) 11JII1 nnaCTI1Hhi, MeTan
Jll1l.JeCKI1e 11JII1 ,n:epeB51HHbie (ey60Bble), KOTOpb!e CTaB51T ,n:Jl5l npe~OT
Bpalll,eHI1}} c~s11ra. Ha BbiHOCHOH JlHHHH YKa3biBaiOT KOJIHl.JecTso, pa3-
Mepbi, war.
Ha pa6o1.111X t.Iepl'e)Kax ,n:epeB51HHbiX KOHCTPYKU.HH rrpocTaBJ151IOT He
o6xo,n:HMbie ,n:Jl51 HX c6op~H pa3Mepbl, CCblJIKH Ha BbiHOCHhle 3JleMeHThl,
pa3Mepbl, He06XO~HMbie ,n:Jl}J H3fOTOBJieHH51 3JieMeHTOB, 11 T.~.
10
Hap5l)l.y e nepe4HeJieHHhiMH BH,L(aMH eoe,L(HHeHHM B cTpoH'reJibHOM
npaKTHKe WHpOKO npHMeiDIIOTC>I eoe,L(HHeHH>I Ha KJiee.
,}J..ru! 3a,IJ,aHH>I B3SITa ,IJ,epeBSIHHasJ MOCTOB<UJ cpepMa ray-)J(ypaBeKOrO.
3. nOP~AOK BblnOflHEH~~ 4EPTE>KEiil
3.1. 4epTe>KH y3nOB MeTannH4eCKHX <f>epM
BhinOJIHeHHe qepTe)f(eH Ha'-IHHaiOT e HX KOMTIOHOBKH. IJepBhiMH
Bhi4ep4HBaiOTeSI reOMeTPH4eeKHe CXeMhl B MaCWTa6e 1 :200 ( CM. Ba
pHaHThl 3a,IJ,aHH>I B npHJio)l('eHHH).
Ha cxeMe cpepMbl OKPY)f(HOCThlO o6o3Ha4alOT YKa3aHHhiH B sapH
aHTe y3eJI. B&r4ep4HBaeTcsr OH no ,L(aHHhiM aapHaHTa c eo6JIIO,L(eHHeM
KOHeTpyKTHBHhiX Tpe6oBaHHH (M 1 :4). qepTe)f( Y3Jia Ha4HHaiOT e npose,IJ,eHHSI oeeBhiX JIHHHM ::meMeHTOB
(nosreOB, paCKOeOB, eTOeK). 0HH ,L(OJI)f(Hhl 6hiTh napanJieJibHhiMH eo
OTBeTeTBY.IOI.l(HM JIHHHHM CXeMhl cpepMhl. 3a Oeh 3JieMeHTa npHHH
MaJOT: )J,JISI 60JITOBbiX eoe,IJ,HHeHHH - pHeKH ,II,JIH pa3Mell.(eHHSI OTBep
eTHH B yroJIKe e; )J,JISI eBapHbiX COe,L(HHeHHM - JIHHHIO, npOXO,L(HlUYIO
l.Jepe3 u,eHTp nr>I<eeTH yronKa z (pHe. 6). Bee oeH B y3ne ,L(OJI)f(Hbi ne
peeeKaTbeSJ B O,IJ,HOM T04Ke - u,eHTpe y3na. 3aTeM HaMel.JaiOTesr KOH
TYPhi B 3aBHeHMoeTH oT wHpHHhi noJIKH yroJIKa.
DOIITOBblC COC.U11HCHIUI CsapHbie coe.UHHCHHJI
Puc. 6. PacnonolKe HHe oceBblX IIHHHH 3IIeMeHTOB
PaenoJIO)f(eHHe nonoK yroJIKOB YKa3aHo B rpacpe «Ce4eHHe
eTep)!<Hst» Ta6JIHI.J. sapHaHTOB 3a,L(aHHH (eM. npHJIO)f(eHHe). KoHIJ,hi
paeKOeOB H CTOeK He ,II,OBO,II,HT ,II,O TIOSICa: B eoe,IJ,HHeHHHX 60JITaMH -
Ha 5-10 MM, B esapHbiX eoe,IJ,HHeHHHX - Ha 50 MM (pHe. 7). JIHHHH
o6pe3a yrOJIKOB eTep)f(HeH Bbi4ep4HBaiOTeJI nepneH,IJ,HKYIIHpHO HX
II
OCHM. ilOCJle ::noro HaHOCHTC5I: .UJ151 COe.UHHeHJfH 60J1TaMH- HX OCH,
T.e. paCCTaBJ15110TC51 60J1Tbi; B CBapHbiX COe.UI-IHeHHHX OTI<Jla.UhiBaiOTC51
.UJ111Hbl UJBOB (CM. BapHaHTbl 3a_naHH51 B npHJIO)KeHHH H Ha pHC. 8).
12
nonKa yronKa_ / .. /"
b, MM 45 50 Z, MM 13 14
e, MM 25 30
63 70 75 18 19 22
35 40 45
1-1
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80 90 100 110 125 23 26 28 29 35
45 50 55 GO 70
Puc. 7. PacnonoJKeHHe p11coK 11 paccTO»HHH OT o6ywKa .l\0 IWHTpa T»fi<eCTH yronKOB:
b- W11p!1Ha nonKH yronKa; Z- KOOp.l\HHaTa UeHTpa T»JKeCTH; e - paccTO»HMe OT nMHMM pHCKH .110 o6ywKa yronKa
Puc. 8. Pa.JMemeHHe wsos
PaccTaHOBKY 6onToB HJU1 HaHeceHHe )l,JlHHbJ msos peKoMeH.nyeT
CH Hat{HHaTI:, C paCKOCOB, 3aTeM nepeHTH K CTOHKaM H ll051CaM. ,[(JIHHa
rlOHCHbiX mBOB pasHa pa3Mepy cpaCOHKH (moB H306paJKaeTCH H 060-
3HaqaeTCH rlOCJie BbJt{epqHBaHHH cpaCOHKH).
PaCCT05IHHe OT KOH~a CTep)l(HH .ItO OCI1 KpaliHero 60JITa BJ(OJlb ycH
JIH5l npHHHMaeTC51 paBHbiM 2d0, mar- MHHHMaJibHblM, 3d0 ( CM. pHC. 6). lfuCJIO 60JITOB H pa3Mepbl mBOB npHBe.rteHbl B BapHaHTax 3a.rtaHH51.
Cne.nyiOlli,HMH sblqepqHsaiOTC5l cpacoHKH. QqePTaHH$1 cpacoHOK B
CTpOrlHJlbHbiX cpepMax J(OJI)Jilibl 6bJTb HaH6onee npOCTbiMH, T.e. HMeTb
HaHMeHbmee t{HCJIO ymos. ITpH 3TOM ftY)l(HO cTpeMI1TbCH co6JIIOCTH
cne.nyiOlll,ee KOHCTPYKTHBHOe Tpe6osaHHe: Kpai1 cpacoHIOi B npe.nenax
3JieMeHTa J(OJI)J(eH 6biTb llO B03MO)l(HOCTH nepneH.rtHKYJI51peH ( OC06eHHO
B noHcax) Hanpai}JieHmo ycwmm B 3TOM 3JieMeHre. Pa3pemaeTC5l ysenw-
4HBaTh paCCT05lHHe Me~ 60JITaMH J(O MaKCHMaJibHOfO ( ]6 HJIH 24 do) wnw ysemt4HTb 4HCJIO 6onTOB csepx Tpe6yeMoro no pacLiery.
B sapHaHTax cpopMa cpacoHKH .naHa cxeMaTHt{HO. 0KonqaTeJibHa5l
cpopMa KOHCTpy11pyeTc5l caMI1M cry.neHTOM. Tonlli,I1Ha cpacoHKI1 np11-
HHMaeTc5l 6onhllle caMoro TOJICToro npHKpennHeMoro K Hei1 3JieMeH
Ta 11n11 pasHoi1 eMy (S = 8- 20 MM, B 3aBHCI1MOCTI1 oT yc11nHi1). Pa3-
Mepbi cpaCOHOK BblpaJKalOTCH ~eJiblMI1 411CJiaMH (KpaTHbiMH 5) 11 OK
pyrn5IIOTC5l s 6onhmy10 cTopoey. Bepx cpacoHOK s y3nax sepxHHX
ll051COB cpepM 11 HH3 B Y3JiaX HI1)J(HHX ll051COB, COeJ(HHeHHbiX 60JITa
MI1, yTallJIHBalOTC5l Ha 5-12 MM, B CBapHbiX cpepMaX Hl13 cpaCOHKH
BbinycKaeTC5l Ha 10-15 MM (.rtJIH Ha.JIO)I(eHH5l mBOB ).
CpaBHMTeJibHbJe npHMepbi npaBHJibHoro 11 HenpaBI1JibHoro KOH
CTpy11posaHI15l HeKOTOpbiX Y3JIOB cpepM np11se.neHbi Ha pwc. 9. Cne.nyiOlli,I1MH Bbi4epq11saiOTC5l 6onThi, mBhi no fOCT 2.315-68
[2] 11 fOCT 21.501-93 [7]. B 3aswcMMOCTH oT MacmTa6a, M3o6paJKe
HI1e J(OJI)J(HO 6biTh ynpomeHHoe MJIH ycnosHoe. ITocneJ(HHMH BbJ<!ep-
4HBaiOTC5l BbiHeCeHHbie ceqeHH5l KaJKJ(OfO 3JieMeHTa ( CTep)J(H51).
Ha LiepTe)l(ax MeTa.JinwqecKHX cpepM npocTaBJI5liOTC5l cne.nyiOlli,He
pa3Mephi:
- yBH304Hbie - OT ~eHTpa y3na J(O Haqana 3JieMeHTa B csapHbiX co
e.nnHeH11HX;
- oT ~eHTpa y3na J(O ocH nepsoro 6onTa B 6onTOBbiX coeJ(HHeHmrx;
· - J(HaMeTpbl 60JITOB, HX mar H KOJIHt{eCTBO;
13
- )l,mma 11 BbiCOTa uma;
- ra6ap11TH&Je pa3Mep&l <PacoHKM.
HaHOCj{TC51 cooTBeTCTBYIOW,I1e Ha)l,nHcl1. <l>acoHKI1 CJJO)I<HOH <PH
rypaJ..(HI1 Ji1306pa)l(aiOTCji OT)l,eJJbHO, 11 pa3Mepbl TOr)l,a npOCTaBJJ51IOTC51
6onee no)l.po6Ho.
ilocne 3Toro cnecyeT npoaepHT& qepTe)l( 11 o6secTH KOH'fYPHhie JJI1-
HHH TOJIW,I1HOH S = 0,6-0,8 MM .
ilO)l, rOJlOBKM 11 raHKH fl9CT051HHbiX 60JJTOB J-IY)I<HO 065I3aTeJibHO CTa
BHTb Kpyrn&Ie rnai16&I : He 6onee )l,Byx flO)], raHKY 11 O)l,HOH DO)l, rOJlOBKy.
,lVJ51 Kpen neHI15I raeK Ha flOCT05IHRbiX 60J1TilX npHMeH5IIOTC5I KOHTpraHKJil
11JJH npy)I(HHH&Ie rnai16&J no rOCT 6402-70 (1 0). 06pa3Qbi BbinOJ1He
HH51 3a)l,aHH51 DpHBe)l,eHbl Ha pHC. 3 H pHC. 10. .
HenpaBV!IlbHO npaBV!JlbHO .-,
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HeKOTOpbiX y3rron qJepMhi ·
14
reoMeTP~-t4ecKa8 cxeMa cj)epMbl M1:200
0CHOBH38 Hagni-!Cb
Puc. 10. 06pa3el..l BbmOnHeHJMI 3a,L(aHIUI. Y3en MeTannwieCKOH <PepMbi.
EonTOBbie coe.[(HHeHH»
15
3.2. ,QeTan111posaH111e Aepes~HHOVI cpepMbl
ITo 3a,namno HY)KHO BhmOJJHI1Tb 2- 3 pa6o•uix '-IepTeJKa y3na .ne
pesaHHoi1 rpepMbl ray-)l{ypaBCKOrO C e3,ll,OH llOBepxy llO,ll, aBTO)J,O
pOJKHYIO Harpy3KY.
Ilepe.n TeM, KaK np11czyn11Tb K BhinOJJHeHI110 '-!epTe~ei1, HYJKHO no
TpeM Bl1,naM y3na, ceY:eHI1HM, cneu,11rp11KaU1111 npo411TaTh Y:epTeJK sce
ro y3na. 3To 3HaY:I1T:
a) no ,naHHbiM npoeKU,11HM npe.ncTaBI1Th y3en;
6) BbiHCHI1Tb B3ai1MHOe pacnonoJKeHI1e .neTanei1 11 cnoco6bi HX co
e,ni1HeHHa;
B) yCTaHOBI1Tb QJOpMy, Ha3HaY:eHI1e, Jl0JJO)J<eHI1e OT,ll,eJJbHO KaJK
)J,OH .neTaJm y3na.
~JUI :noro cne.nyeT no HOMepaM no3HU.11H, 11MeiOU\11MCa B cneu,I1-
QlHKaU,I111 11 Ha Y:epTeJKe, OTblCKaTb 11306paJKeHI1e Kmi<)J,OH ,neTaJJH,
BbiHBI1Th ee rpopMy 11 pa3Mepbi. Ilp11 3TOM HYJKHO Y'-~11TbiBaTh npoeK
U,HOHHYIO CBSI3b.
Ilocne np04TeHI1SI Y:epTeJKa BbinOJJWIIOTCSI CJJe.D,yiOJl(l1e onepau,1111.
1. BbmonHHTb pa6o'-111e Y:epTeJKH .D,eTaneli. HaY:HHaTh cneeyeT c on
pe.neneHHH HaHMeHblllero Heo6xo.D,I1Moro KOJJHY:eCTBa H3o6paJKeHHi1
(B11AOB, pa3pe30B, ceY:eHHH). PacnonoJKeHHe H3o6pmkeHHH .neTanei1 Ha
pa60411X Y:epTeJKax He )J,O]J)I<HO 6hiTb o6a3aTeJJbHO TaKI1M JKe, KaK B y3-
ne. Bee H3o6paJKeHHSI BbinOJJHHIOTCSI cornacHO rocT 2.305-68 [2J. ,ll,JJa KaJK)J,OH )J,eTaJIH, B 3aBHCHMOCTI1 OT ee cpopMbl 11 pa3MepoB, Bbi-
6HpaeTCSI MaClllTa6 (rOCT 2.302-68), 3aTeM cpopMaT (fOCT 2.301-68), yqHTbiBaa, '-ITO Ha 3TOM <jlopMaTe HYJKHO nocTp011Th 11 aKCOHOMeTpHIO
,ll,eTaJJH.
He6oJJblllHe OTBepcTwa, yrny6neHHa, BhiCTYilhi 11 T.n . peKoMeH,ny
eTca H3o6paJKaTh B sw.ne BbiHOCHbiX 3JJeMeHTOB B 6onee KpyiTHoM
MaClllTa6e.
Ilocne BbJY:epY:HBaHHSI 11306paJKeHHH npOBO,ll,5JT BbiHOCHbJe H pa3-
MepHbJe JJHHHH, npOCTaBJJHIOT pa3MepHbJe 411CJJa no fQCT 2.307-68. 2. IlocTpOHTh aKcoHoMeTpHY:eCKI1e npoeKU,I111 .neTaneli. Bw.n aK
coHoMeTpw1eCKOH npoeKUHH ,ll,JJH Kmi<.D,OH ,neTaJJH Bbi6HpaeTC5! CaMO
CTOSITeJJbl-10 no fQC( 2.317-69. 3. 3anOJJHHTb OCHOBHYIO Ha,nnHCb 11 nposepHTb LJepTeJKH ( CM. o6pa3-
ll,bl 3a,naHHa, pwc. 1 1, 12, 13 ).
16
4. HEKOTOPbiE. OC06EHHOCTI.1 Bbln0flHEH1.1fl 1.1 O<l>OPMflEHI.1fl YEPTE>KEH CTPOI.1TEflbHbiX KOHCTPYKUI.1H
lJepTe:>KH CTp011TCJihHhiX KOHCTp~HH BhillOJIH~KlTC~ 11 o<jlopMII~
KlTC~ B COOTBeTCTBHI1 c ACHCTBYfOUJ,11MH rocyAapcTBeHHbJMH CTaHAap
TaMI1, pacnpocrpamKlUJ,HMHC~ Ha cTpOHTeiihHhie YepTe:>KH, a TaiOKe
BeAOMCTBeHHhiMH 11HCTPYKWUIMH, B KOTOphiX npHBOMTC~ npaKTHYe
cKHe peKOMeHAaD:HH no BhlllOJIHeHHIO qepTe)l(eH.
Ha YepTe)l(~ AonycKaeTcjl npHMemTh yciiOBHhie H3o6pa)l(eH~
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BhiHOCHhiX IIHHHH . .I1x llOMell(alOT HaA HIIH flO A H306pa)l(eHI1eM IIIBa.
EcJiH Kpene)I(Hhie AeTaiiH, coeAHmiOII(He 3JieMeHThi MeTaJIJIH.YecKHX
KOHCTPY~HH, OAHHaKOBbi no ™llY H pa3Mepy, TO ycnosHoe o6o3HalJe
HHe llOKa3hiBaeTC~ TOJihKO B OAHOM-AByx MeCTax, a · B OCTaiihHhiX HX
llOJIO)I(eHHe cp11KC11pyeTC~ ~eHTpOBhlMH 11JIH OCeBbJMH JIHHI1~MH.
MeTaiiiiHYeCKI1e KOHCTPY~I1H MoryT H3o6pa)J'<aThC~ cxeMaTHYHO,
ynpomeHHO HIIH noAp06Ho. IIpoKaTHhie npo<jlHIII1 npH ynpomeHHOM
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HH~ MeTaiiiiHlJeCKHX KOHCTPYK~HH noKa3hiBaKlT OAHOH cnnoiiiHOH
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npaBHJIO, o603HalJalOT apa6CKHMH ~H<jlpaMH. IlpH 3TOM 3IIeMeHThl
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BhiBaKlTC.II. 3neMeHTbi AepeBHHHbiX KOHCTPYK~HH IIITPHXYKlTC.II noA
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Y3IIhi KOHCTPYK~HH, AeT~H- B MaCIIITa6e 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50.
17
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crepxm11 no no
o6yw"-y nepy
JL 100x 10 1r 75x8 6-60 6-60 !r 75 x8 6-60 6-60 -'.- 70x8 8-100 6-100 _IL 100 x 10 -,r 75x8 8-130 6-90 1r1oo" 10 8-100 6-70 ~ 70x8 6-60 6-60 •r 125 x 12 lrtoox 10 8-100 6-70 1r 75x8 8-100 6-70 _jL 100 x 10 -1r12s x 12 10-200 10-120
= 20x200 6-400 cnayx crop<>_H
~r125x 12 -1r 125 x 12 12-200 10-120 .., r 75 x 8 8-130 6-90
cllopMa cpacouoK (cxeMa)
ill rn_ ·u-[]_ !3t
:::1 "'0 s ::::. 0 ~ m :I: s :::0
N 10
.. Q.!-o
" = I '" 0 = :c ~
= 6
7
8
9
10
Q. " .. :1: <; 0 "" :c»
BO
Bl
HI
B2
H2
80 81 82
~I ~ / \ " HO 2740 /{f 2800
lfZ
YlJlbl (jlepMbl ua 6o.IITllx
06o1- = 0 = Ce'fenne 0 <; 0 ., ~ (j .. ua'fe- :: <;
HHe creplKHII .g :r.g
BO-B! lfl25x80x!O 22 5 BO-Hl •r 70 X 8 16 s BO-HO r 90 X 9 22 6 BO-B2 lr 125x80x!O 22 2 Bl -HI I!= 63x6 16 2
HO-H2 .JL 80x8 20 5 . HI -BO 1 r 70 x 8 16 4 HI-B2 1r 90x 9 22 4 HI-BI L 63X 6 16 2 r-BI-B3 lf!25x80XIO 22 s B2-HI 1r 90x9 22 4 B2-H3 --,_r 90 x 9 22 4 B2-H2 -,'- 80 X 8 20 10 HI-H3 .JL 80 x 8 20 2 H2-B2 -,L 80 X 8 20 6
I I I
BapHaHTLI 38JlaHHH (6-10) 3000 82 83 81( 8S
~ BQ /~~ ~ "' "< "<
HO HZ cx1oo = H~JOOO
YlJlbl csapnoit (jlepMbl
"' PaJMep woos, «JJop111a Q.!"o C; 06oJ- Mill «JJop111a "" = "" .. Ce'fenue
4laCOHOK I ., :1: <; cllaconoK 0 :: 0 "'
H3'fe- ' (cxe111a) :c~ :c>. HHe creplKHII
no no (cxeMa) = o6yli.ncy H<PY
s- BO-B2 1r 90 x9
~ 6 Bl B!-HO l rl2Sx80x7 7-160 6-80 Bl-H2 1 r 75 x 8 6-100 6-60 . -w- HO-H4 .JL 70x8
-~ 7 H2 H2-BI 1r 75 x 8 6-100 6-60 H2-B3 II 75 x 8 6-100 6-60
lli H2-B2 L. 75 X 8 6-120 6-120 .-
8 B2 Bl-BJ 1r 90 x 9 w B2-H2 .:= 75 X 8 6-1 20 6-1 20 HO-H2 .J L 80 X 6
t1-0 9 HO HO-B! l r125x80x7 7-1 60 6-80
HO-BO := 90X56x6 6-410 6-410
B3-B5 ll 90 x9 -w __w__ 10 B4 B4-H4 I ~ 75 X 8 6- 120 6-1 20 i
I
""
N w
BapHaHTbJ33.UaHHH (ll-15) 85
~ ., ~ ~~-+~~~--~--~----------------~~
· tox2600=26000 ~
YlJILI fjlepMLI ua 6runax
GI : G.l Cll "'" :! I c. I 06oJ-~ ~ ~ :::i Ha'le-= li' := » HHe
Ce'le!IHe CTeplllliH
., ~ ~ ~ llll Q lll .g::r.g
<llopMa cJiaCOHOK
(cxeMJt)
"' BO-B! lrl25x80xl2 I 22 I 3 I ~ BO-Hl or 75x50x8 20 3 ~ BO 11 BO-HO 1~:= 75 X g I 20 I 6
12 HI .till-BO-B2 llrJ25x80xl2 22 I 3 I - ·~ Bl-H2 lr 63x6 16 4 ~ 13 Bl Bl -Hl I:=:: 75x50x80 I 20 I 2
Hl -H3 d-H2-B l - · H2-B2 ·
H2 14
Bl-83 -~
B2-H3 T" 82 15
B2-H2 1-'r 50x5 I 12 I 4
v 3000 v Blf ~1 fi? 83
~80
tz>~1Z~ ~ ., ~--- 1H'f
.. c.!.. = :11 .. Q = = c. ..
"' 11
12
13
14
15
' liD r--- 112 8x 3{))0=l_lfflO(J
YJJILI CBapHOH 41ePMLI
~"'I 06oJ:r :;j H&'le-
£ >. HHe
. '·I PaJMep ruooo, Ce'leHHe MM -,-CTep»c!IH
no I no
cllopMa cJiaCOHOK
(cxeMa) o6ym")' nepy
HO-H4 m.j H2-Bl · H2-B3 .· . H2
H2-B2 I:= 70 X 6 I 6-60 I 6-60
BO-B2 ~ Bl -HO . BI-H2
Bl
HO HO-H2 n HO-B ! . · HO-BO k:: . B2-B4 pc B3-H2 . • B3-H4
B3
H2-H6 JZ_·. H4-B3 · H4-B5 -
H4
H4-B4 1-'r 70 x 6 I 6-100 I 6-70
N
"""'
BapnaiiTbl J<UJ:aJ-mil ( 16-20)
1~- ff 86 f BZ .SJ]
HZ H3 f/1! f/6
I ,. ro Hf f0K26fJO~Z5fJOO
~ ;:;
I 1'1
"' Y1Jlb1 cilepMbl na 6oJJT11X
l5 ~
e- ~ , e- "' \ 0601-~ til ~ ~ naqe-::C ~ :t: n11e
Ceqenne CTepliCHSI ... ~ ~ ~ =I 0 =
.8 =- .8
cl>opMa ciJaCOHOK
(ClreMa) =
16 H3 H3-B2 · . H2-H4 ffi-H3-B3 - ~-82-B4 ~ 83-H4 . ·. 83-H3
83 17
18 86
85-87 --m-8 6-H6 y
19 84 8 3-85 - m-84-H4 4J Hl-80 ID-H1~1 . ' HO-H2 _'
HI 20
""
80 Bf 82 83 B'i 85 86
~ ~ ~{-~~--~~~--~~----~J.C~
c.1:! " :z: I '" 0 = = c.
~
16
17
18
19
20
Y1Jlb1 CBajlHOH ~Mbl
c. "' I 06oJ~ ~ uaqe-~ ,., HHe
PaJMep WBOB,
Ceqenue ··I MM I CTeplKHSI
no I no
cl>opMa cJ!acoHOK
(cxeMa) o6ywJcy n<py
B0-82 ~ 8 1-HO ~ 8l-H2
81
HO-H4 m H2-81 . ' / H2-83 .
H2
H2-82 I := 45 X 4 I 8-140 I 8-140 82-84 ~ 83-H2 ~ 83-H4
83
H2-H6 .JL 90x9 liD H4-83 1 r 75 x s · H4-85 I r 63 x 6 ' ' H4-84 ~ 45 x 4 .
H4
84-86 fSt" 85-H4 · · 85-H6
85
N VI
BapHaHThl Ja.IlaHHii (21-25)
~--~~~6~5--~Bb ~co ~ IIV'I"-.. ~~7 88 2600 ~ 82 183 Bit l 1 ~ ~ 'f.....v i " 89
r-- BtO ~~ ~ r[/"1"\.. 1 ss ·86 ~, ~ H'l I H6 til ~k:::: I "< (\ I . "'-..~/""' J "' HB M HIO r ff2 I ttl{ t16 I
fOx2600e26tJOO 6x3000=18tJtJO
Y:lJibl dleoMbl ua 6oJITax 'YlJILI csaouoAibeoMbl
'" ~ PuMep WBOB, fr !;; fr ,. 0601- Ceqeuue ~ 5 ~ CllopMa fr ; fr ,. 06o3- Ceqeuue !liM CllopMa ~ ~ ~ ::i HS'Ie- "0 I;; :: I;; cjlaCOHOK ~ :: ~ ::i H8'1e- cjiSCOHOK
::C ~ ::C ,.., HHe creplKHII .g ':1' .g (cxellla) ::C ~ ::C >. HHe CTeplKHR . no no (cxeMa) Ill = o6ywl<)' nepy
H6-Hs ..J L 80 x 8 20 4 ~ B4-B6 1 r 90 x 9 ~ 21 H7 H7-B8 lr SOxS 12 2 --~ 21 BS BS-H4 lr 75x6 7-160 6-80 . ·
H7-B7 t=: 50 x 5 12 2 B5-H6 I ri2Sx80x7 6-100 6-80 B6-B8 nn2Sx80xl2 22 2 ~ H2-H6 J L 70 X 8 I
22 B7 B7-H6 Mr 75x8 20 2 · . 22 H4 H4-B3 1r 75x6 6-100 6-60 x-i-:{ B7-H7 ~ 60 x 5 12 2 H4-BS 1 r 75 x 6 6-100 6-60 liJ-B7-B9 lr!2Sx80xl2 22 2 -J?J H4-B4 I~ 75 x 6 6-120 6-120 . .
23 BS B8-H7 lr SOxS 12 2 . H6-H4 WL 80x6 Q B8-H8 !-,'- 50 x 5 12 4 23 H6 H6-B5 I r 125x80x7 7-160 6-80 I • ,j, H7-H9 1-J L 80 x 8 20 2 J.--7( H6-B6 g 90x56x6 6-410 6-410 ~
24 H8 H8-B9 n r 63 x 6 16 4 _ -l:b:d-- 24 84 B3-B5 1 r 90 x 9 m-HS-BS 1-1,- 50x5 12 4 B4-H4 I=! 75x6 6-120 6- 120 YJ
25 HIO :11:;9o_~~:~:: ~~ : _dJ 25 B2 =~~~ ~ ~~:- ' ~~0 ~120 ~4}-·~~
N 0\
BapltaHTbl JallaHit~ (26-30)
80 Bf 82 83 8'1 85 86 J
~r~ 1 Hb Jr--l<r~ ::; - f0X2600=26000 HB WJ~-
~ V\V'\~1 110 l lHz--~wr Jli6 ~
if"f75375D l3'!75
CJ :: Qol ~ c.~ I c. " .. "::i o a o ..... :c .. :c
=
26 89
Y3n~~MMHa6onTax
06oJRa'le
HHC
Cc'leJJHe CTeplKIHI
"0 ~ ~ ~ =I= = .g :l" .g
Cl>opMa clJacOHOK (cxeMa)
.. fr~ " .. = :1: :c c. ..
=
~ A ~
e- .. 1
0601-
, ::i HS'Ie
X .... HHC
YlJI~ cu:tpHou cllepMbl
PaJMep wsoo,
Ce'leHHe ' · 1 MM I crep>KHSI
no I no o6ywgy nepy
cl>opMa cjlacoHoK (c:teMa)
88~810 ln2Sx90xl2 22 3 -a- H2-H6 --lL 90x9 · 1
89-.HS 11 63 x 6 16 4 ' · 6 H4-B3 I I 75 x 6 12-200 6-130 ' B9-H9 1:= 75x50x8 20 2
2 H
4 H4-85 1175x6 8-190 6-110 ~
27 H8-H10 _lL80 x8 20 3 0 H4-B4 =:! 4Sx4 6-70 6-70 ~
H9 l H9-BI O J I 75x50x8 20 3 · · BO-B2 '1 I 100 x 10 · H9-B9 =i 75x50x8 20 2 -- 27 Bl B1-HO 'lr 63x6 8-100 6-70 q 89-BIO llt25x80xl2 22 3 -a Bl-H2 II 63x6 6-70 6-70
810 r 810-H9 11 75x50x8 20 3 . ./\ HO-H4 _J L 90 d I BIO-Hl0 =!~ 75x8 20 6 . 28 HZ H2-Bl1!63x6 8-140 6- 100 lli H7-H9 -lL80x8 22 4 r H2-B3 1175x6 6- 100 6-70 .
HS H8-B8 '1175x8 20 3 0· H2-B2 I ~ 45x4 6-70 6-70 I H8-B9 =: 75x50x8 20 3 _ . H4-H6 --l L 90 x 9 x-fl I 29 H6 H6-B5 2,' 75 x6 12-200 6-130 ~
ss-s7 ,r12s soxl2 z2 2 -·crr H6-B6 75x50x8 s-400 s-400 " x , HO-H2 -lL 90x9 (L
86.H6 ..J1
SOx 5 12 4 30 HO HO-B I "1 I 63 x 6 6-150 6-100 iL. HO-BO I= 75x50x8 6-500 6-500
28
29
30 86
PeKOMeHAYeMaSI mHepaTypa
I . reopzueacKuzl 0. B. E!.111Hble Tpe6oaaHI1JI no BblnOI1HCH11IO cTp011TcllbHbiX ••epTell<cH. Cnpaa. noco611e. M.: Apx11TcKTypa- C, 2004. 144 c.
2. EO!IHGJI CI1CTCMa KOHCTp)'KTOpCKOH /.IOK)'MCHTUU11 . fOCT 2.301-68- fOCT 2.321-84. 06ume npaBI1Jla BblfiOilllCHHJI 'ICpTCli<CH: C6opHHK CTUH/.IUpTOB, M .: vbnBO CTUH.llUpTOB. 2004 . 159 C.
3. £0!1HGJI CI1CTCMa KOHCTp)'KTOpCKOH.llOK)'MCHTUU1111. fQCT 2.402-68- fQCT 2.411-72. C6opB11K CTUHJlapTOB. M.: I-13/.1-BO CTaH;~apToB, 1990. 79 c.
4. f(opoea 10.11. CTp011TCilbHOC '1cp'lcHI1e 11 p11coaaH11e: Y'le6HHK f.IJT JI CTpOHTCJTbHbiX cnCUHa!lbHOCTCH B)'30B. M .: BbiCW. WK., 1983. 288 c.
5. Malll)puKoa A.n., Jlf!Mwt 11.M. llpHMCpbl pac'leTa MeTaJJ!lH'ICCKHX KOHCTPYKUHH: Y•1e6. noco611e Jlllll TCXHHK)'MOR. M.: CTpOHH3/.IUT, 1982. 312 c.
6. Memw1nu~ecKue KOHCTPYKUHH: Cnpaao•mHK npoeJ<THpOBUli1Ka I llott pe; t. Y! .ll . McnbHI1Kona. 2-e 113Jl. nepepa6. 11 Jton. M .: CTpOHH3JlaT, 1980. 776 c.
7. Cucme.Ma npocKTHoi1 noKyMeHTal.\1111 )lJJJI c'FpowreJJbCTna. fOCT 21.501-93. rtpauuna BhiiiOJIIICIIHll apxlrreKT)'pllo-cTp011TCJihllbiX pn6o•mx 'lepTel!<CH. M.: l131lno CTUIIJlilpTOIJ, I 993. 36 c.
8. (Hun 11 -23-8 1* TUJihHbiC KOHCTPYKU11H . M.: roccTpOH PocCI111 rYn unn, 1999. 96 c.
9. CmpoumenbHoe 'ICP'ICHHC 11 pHconaHHe: Y•1e6HI1K JlJlll CT)'JlCHTOB 1!)'3013 CTpOHTCJibHbiX CllCUI1a!lhHOCTCH / JlOJl o6w. pe/.1. 6.8. b)')lUCOBa. 3-e 113)1., nepepa6. 11 non. M.: CTpoi1HJJlaT, 1981. 448 c.
I 0. 1feK11wpea A.A., Ocunoa B.K. 11Hli<CHCpHall rpa<jlHKa: CnpaBO'IHble MaTep11aJl bl. M. : fyMaHI1T. 113)1. UCHTP BJlAJJ,OC, 2002. 416 c.
CoAeplKaHHe
13BCJlCIII1C .......... ..... ...................... ............ ............ ........ .. .......... ..... .... , ............... .... ..... 3 I. Co;~cpll<aHI1e 11 O<j10pMneHI1e 3UJlaiHIJI .. ..................................... .. ...... .... .. .... .. .... ...... 3
1.1. lJepTCll<l1 y3110B MetanHI1'1CCK11X <llepM .. .. .. .. .. .... .... ....... .. ............. , .. .... ... ......... 3 1.2. JJ,eTUJJ11pO!laJ.ji1C )'3JlU JlCpCBJI IlHOH <jlepMbl ............ ............ , ......... ..... ...... ....... .4
2. 0611111C nOHliTI1JI 0 CTp011TCJ! bHbiX KOHCTp)'KUHliX ........... ........................................ 4 2. 1. MeTaJTJTH'ICCK11C KOIICTPYKUI111 ............ ...... ...... ...... ....... ... .. ...... .............. .... .. 4 2.2. JJ,epenl!HHble KOIICTp)'KUHii ............. ..... ... ......... .. ...... ,. , .. ... ... ................ ...... ..... I 0
3. rtopl!JlOK BblfiOJIHCHHJI '1CpTell<ei1 ........ .. ............................ ....... .. .... .. .... .... .. .......... II 3. 1. LJcpTCll<l1 )'3JlOB MCTa!lJII1'1CCKHX <llcpM .... .. .. .. .............. .. ........ .. ................ .. ... II 3. 2. JJ,cnumpoaaHHe nepellliHIIOH <llepMbl .................. ........ ...... .......... .. .......... ....... 16
4. 1-!CKOTOpbiC OC06CIHIOCTI1 llblfiOJIHCHHJI 11 O<jlOpMI1CHI1ll 'lCpTCli<CH CTp011TCJibl·lbiX KOIICTPYKUHH .... .. .......... .. .. ..... .... ... .. ... .. ......... .. .................................. .. ........ ....... ........ 17 rlpHHOli<CIIHJI ........................ .. .... ...... ... .... .. ... ..... ....... ... ......... .... .......... ........ , .......... 2)
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KanycrnuHa EneHa <l>pam.(eBHa
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Tlepeefl3Kwra Jh<J.l\MHna AneKceenHa
Tlernyxoea AI·tHa B11K:ropos~m
4epTe>KH Y3110B
CTpOHTellbHbiX KOHCTpyK"'HM
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MeTOAl!!YecKl!le yKa3aHl!lfl cryAeHTOB
CTPOl!!TellbHbiX cnel\l!lallbHOCTeH
Pe.llaKTOp 11.8. CRo6oiJRH
KoMnbWTepHall sepGTKa A. C. TlernpeHKO
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