ifise project second meeting milan, 1st and 2nd february 2001
DESCRIPTION
IFISE Project Second Meeting Milan, 1st and 2nd February 2001. Presentation based on ITALIAN LITERATURE SURVEY POTENTIAL ENTREPRENEURS’ CONCENTRATIONS. Patrizia Gattoni UNIVERSITÀ di PAVIA. ITALY IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT. THE ITALIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM. HIGH-TECH SECTORS IN ITALY. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IFISE Project
Second MeetingMilan, 1st and 2nd February 2001
Presentation based on
ITALIAN LITERATURE SURVEY
POTENTIAL ENTREPRENEURS’ CONCENTRATIONS
Patrizia Gattoni
UNIVERSITÀ di PAVIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• ITALY IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
• THE ITALIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM
• HIGH-TECH SECTORS IN ITALY
• METHODOLOGY
• MAIN RESULTS
• MAPS
• FINAL SCHEME
• PROPOSED SECTORS AND AREAS
Creation of new knowledge
Source: EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, OECD (1998).Data of 1998 for DK, D, F, I, FIN, UK, US, JP and of 1997 for all other countries,
with except of Austria for which the most recent data is of 1993.
1. Government R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP
0,970,9 0,9
0,83 0,82
0,72 0,72 0,7
0,580,53
0,44 0,420,36
0,32
0,22
0,78
0,59
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
S F FIN NL D DK A EU UK I P B E IRL GR US JP
High (Over 20% of EU mean)
Average
Low (Below 20% of EU mean)
Italy
2. Business R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP
2,77
2,06
1,531,38 1,31 1,26 1,21 1,2
1,11 1,030,83
0,55 0,49
0,14 0,13
2,042,18
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
S FIN D F B DK UK EU NL IRL A I E P EL USA JP
High (Over 20% of EU mean)
Average
Low (Below 20% of EU mean)
Italy
Creation of new knowledge
Source: EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, OECD (1998).No data available for Luxembourg. Data of 1998 for DK, D, F, I, FIN, UK,
US, JP and of 1997 for all other countries, with except of Austria for which the most recent data is of 1993.
3. Total innovation expenditures as a percentage of total turnover in manufacturing
7
4,8
4,3 4,13,9 3,8 3,7
3,5 3,3 3,2
2,6
2,11,8 1,7
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
S DK FIN D F NL EU A IRL UK I B E P
High (Over 20% of EU mean)
Average
Low (Below 20% of EU mean)
Italy
Transmission and application of new knowledge
Source: EUROSTAT, Community Innovation Survey (1994-1996). No data are available for Greece, Luxembourg, the US and Japan.
4. Percent of manufacturing SMEs that innovate in-house
62,259,1 59 58,7
51
44,8 44,4 44
36 35,8
29,4 27,424,5
21,8
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
IRL A DK D NL S I EU F UK B FIN L P
High (Over 20% of EU mean)
Average
Low (Below 20% of EU mean)
Italy
Transmission and application of new knowledge
Source: EUROSTAT, Community Innovation Survey (1994-1996). No data are available for Luxembourg, Spain, the US and Japan.
5. Percentage of manufacturing SMEs involved in innovation cooperation
37,4
27,5
23,219,9
15,7 14,7 14,612,9 12 11,2
9,6 8,9
4,7 4,6 4,5
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
DK S IRL FIN UK D NL A F EU L B I E P
High (Over 20% of EU mean)
Average
Low (Below 20% of EU mean)
Italy
Transmission and application of new knowledge
Source: EUROSTAT, Community Innovation Survey (1994-1996). No data are available for Greece, the US and Japan.
6. Patent applications in high-tech classes per million population
69,6
41,7
26,823,9
19,316,3 15 14,9 12,5
9,14,2 1,9 1,7 0,9 0,3 0
19,7
9,4
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
FIN S NL D DK F UK EU B A I L E IRL GR P US JP
High (Over 20% of EU mean)
Average
Low (Below 20% of EU mean)
Italy
Creation of new knowledge
Source: EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, based on EPO data (1998).
7. Percent of total employment in med-high and high-tech manufacturing
11
8,67,8 7,7 7,5 7,4 7,2 7,2 7 6,8 6,5
5,54,9
3,5
2,41,6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
D S UK EU I IRL B FIN F DK A E NL P GR L
High (Over 20% of EU mean)
Average
Low (Below 20% of EU mean)
Italy
Human resources
Source: EUROSTAT, R&D statistics, based on Labour Force Survey data (1998).Data for the US and Japan are not available.
1The medium-high and high-tech sectors include chemicals (NACE 24), office equipment (NACE 30), electrical equipment(NACE 31), telecom equipment (NACE 32), precision instruments (NACE 33), automobiles (NACE 34), and aerospace andother transport (NACE 35). The total workforce includes all manufacturing and service sectors.
ITALIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM
2 Subsystems:
high-tech system:
•Large population of SMEs operating in traditional sectors, mechanics and equipment supplier industries.
•Innovation is incremental and originates from informal learning by doing, by using, by interacting.
small firms system:
•Few small firms, a low number of oligopolistic players.
•R&D expenses are low (both on firm basis and as % of GDP).
•The national demand is not innovative.
•Networking mechanisms among firms, university, research centres are still not well developed.
COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY
•The most important technological sources are perceived to be innovation related investments and R&D expenses.
•Technological change is mostly incremental.
•Large firms in manufacturing industry show higher % of innovative firms and better performace with regard to innovation intensity.
•The sectors with higher % of innovative firms are the ones with high-tech opportunities:
CIS 1 (1990-92) CIS 2 (1994-96)
•office machines 64.6% 67.6%
•consumption electronics (ICT) 59.8% 59.2%
•precision and optical instruments 50.3% 63%
•machinery 48.9% 62.7%
•chemicals 48.1% 61.8%
•The most relevant barriers are related to financial factors.
20,1%
14,7%10,9%
10,8%
8,8%
6,2%5,8% 4,0%
15,2%
2,6% 0,9%
Fine chemicals
Electro-medical apparatus
Consumption electronics
Precision instruments
Optical instruments
Electronic components
Pharmaceuticals
Industrial automation
Office machines
Plastics
Airspace
PERCENTAGE OF PRODUCTION UNITS PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR
Total 19,266, 3.3% of total production units in manufacturing
Istat, census, 1996
Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on ISTAT data.
PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYEES PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR
Total 365.365, 7.5% of total employees in manufacturing
Istat, census, 1996
20,1%
16,3%
12,3%9,4%9,3%
8,3%
6,3%
5,8%5,6%
4,4% 2,2%
Pharmaceuticals
Consumption electronics
Fine chemicals
Airspace
Electronic components
Precision instruments
Plastic
Electro-medical apparatus
Office machines
Industrial automation
Optical instruments
Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on ISTAT data.
METHODOLOGY
OBJECTIVE: identification of inventors’ concentrations in high-tech sectors
HIGH-TECH SECTORS CLASSIFICATION: ENEA-CESPRI-Politecnico di Milano
SOURCE OF DATA: EPO Espace Bulletin
GEOGRAPHIC DIMENSION: Local Labour System
SELECTED INFORMATION: Sector - Name - Address - LLS - #Patents
Years 1995-2000
SECTORS
% ITALIAN PATENTS
/TOTAL EPO PATENTS
Consumption Electronics 399 14,2% 29.544 24,6% 1,4%
Pharmaceuticals 384 13,7% 13.814 11,5% 2,8%
Precision Instruments 372 13,2% 14.523 12,1% 2,6%
Office Machines 349 12,4% 16.575 13,8% 2,1%
Electronic Components 322 11,5% 12.062 10,1% 2,7%
Fine Chemicals 223 7,9% 10.361 8,6% 2,2%
Industrial Automation 222 7,9% 3.989 3,3% 5,6%
Plastics 203 7,2% 5.653 4,7% 3,6%
Optical Instruments and Materials 136 4,8% 5.144 4,3% 2,6%
Electro-Medical Apparatus 134 4,8% 5.938 4,9% 2,3%
New Materials 48 1,7% 1.607 1,3% 3,0%
Airspace 17 0,6% 808 0,7% 2,1%
TOTAL 2.410 85,8% 90.474 75,4% 2,3%
ITALIAN PATENT APPLICATIONS
TOTAL EPO PATENT APPLICATIONS
NUMBER OF PATENT APPLICATIONS PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR
(1995-2000)
LOCAL LABOUR SYSTEM REGION
1 MILANO LOMBARDIA 826 23,2%
2 ROMA LAZIO 229 6,4%
3 TORINO PIEMONTE 175 4,9%
4 BOLOGNA EMILIA-ROMAGNA 128 3,6%
5 GENOVA LIGURIA 84 2,4%
6 BERGAMO LOMBARDIA 77 2,2%
7 FIRENZE TOSCANA 67 1,9%
8 PADOVA VENETO 64 1,8%
9 CAIRO MONTENOTTE LIGURIA 62 1,7%
10 FERRARA EMILIA-ROMAGNA 59 1,7%
11 PAVIA LOMBARDIA 56 1,6%
12 DESIO LOMBARDIA 55 1,5%
13 NOVARA PIEMONTE 54 1,5%
14 CATANIA SICILIA 49 1,4%
15 BUSTO ARSIZIO LOMBARDIA 48 1,3%
16 VERONA VENETO 44 1,2%
17 LECCO LOMBARDIA 44 1,2%
18 COMO LOMBARDIA 41 1,2%
19 VARESE LOMBARDIA 39 1,1%
20 SESTO CALENDE LOMBARDIA 38 1,1%
INVENTORS
RANKING OF THE FIRST 20 LOCAL LABOUR SYSTEMS WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF INVENTORS (1995-2000)
TOTAL NUMBER OF INVENTORS: 3556
Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on EPO data.
18,5%
15,1%
14,6%9,2%8,8%
8,8%
7,0%
6,2%4,6% 4,3% 2,3% 0,6%
Pharmaceuticals
Consumption electronics
Precision instruments
Electronic components
Office machines
Fine chemicals
Plastics
Industrial automation
Electro-medical apparatus
Optical instruments
New materials
Airspace
PERCENTAGE OF INVENTORS PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR
years 1995-2000
Total 3,807
Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on EPO data.
14,2%
13,3%
12,8%
12,8%11,7%
8,3%
7,8%
7,0%5,0% 4,7% 1,7%0,6%
Consumption electronics
Precision instruments
Pharmaceuticals
Office machines
Electronic components
Industrial automation
Fine chemicals
Plastics
Optical instruments
Electro-medical apparatus
New materials
Airspace
PERCENTAGE OF PATENTS PER HIGH-TECH SECTOR
years 1995-2000
Total 2,621
Source: University of Pavia, elaboration on EPO data.
#
ROMA
#
MILANO
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp1 - 34 - 78 - 1516 - 2728 - 8586 - 224
Number of inventors
Total inventors in pharmaceuticals (years 1995-2000): 705
Inventors in pharmaceuticals per Local Labour System
k
MILANO
k
ROMA
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp0.14 - 1.241.24 - 3.593.59 - 7.57.5 - 18.318.3 - 58.1358.13 - 107.67
Number of patents
Total patents in pharmaceuticals (years 1995-2000): 335
Patents in pharmaceuticals per Local Labour System
PHARMACEUTICALS
k
MILANO
k
TORINO
k
ROMA
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp1 - 23 - 56 - 1011 - 1617 - 6263 - 145
Number of inventors
Total inventors in consumption electronics (years 1995-2000): 573
Inventors in consumption electronics per Local Labour System
k
MILANO
k
TORINO
k
ROMA
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp0.17 - 0.870.87 - 2.22.2 - 5.425.42 - 11.1211.12 - 35.4235.42 - 103.6
Number of patents
Total patents in consumption electronics (years 1995-2000): 371
Patents in consumption electronics per Local Labour System
CONSUMPTION ELECTRONICS
k
SESTO CALENDE
k
MILANO
k
TORINO k
GENOVA
k
BOLOGNA
k
ROMA
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp12 - 34 - 78 - 1314 - 3839 - 121
Number of inventors
Total inventors in precision instruments (years 1995-2000): 557
Inventors in precision instruments per Local Labour System
k
SESTO CALENDE
k
MILANO
k
TORINO k
GENOVA
k
BOLOGNA
k
ROMA
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp0.17 - 1.121.12 - 2.52.5 - 4.54.5 - 7.77.7 - 20.320.3 - 65.2
Number of patents
Total patents in precision instruments (years 1995-2000): 349
Patents in precision instruments per Local Labour System
PRECISION INSTRUMENTS
# CATANIA
#
MILANO
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp1 - 23 - 45 - 67 - 1213 - 2829 - 124
Number of inventors
Total inventors in electronic components (years 1995-2000): 349
Inventors in electronic components per Local Labour System
# CATANIA
#
MILANO
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp0.2 - 1.531.53 - 3.533.53 - 7.037.03 - 15.0515.05 - 44.2144.21 - 117.68
Number of patents
Total patents in electronic components (years 1995-2000): 307
Patents in electronic components per Local Labour System
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
k
ROMA
k
MILANO
k
BOLOGNA
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp1 - 23 - 67 - 1112 - 21
Number of inventors
o
Total inventors in electro-medical apparatus (years 1995-2000): 176
Inventors in electro-medical apparatus per Local Labour System
k
MILANO
k
BOLOGNA
k
ROMA
Sll91.shp
Sll91.shp0.17 - 0.810.81 - 2.752.75 - 5.755.75 - 13.72
Number of patents
Total patents in electro-medical apparatus (years 1995-2000): 123
Patents in electro-medical apparatus per Local Labour System
ELECTRO-MEDICAL APPARATUS
Sectors Region Local Labour System
Inventors per LLS and % on total investors of the sector. years 1995-992
Patents per LLS and % on total patents of the sector. years 1995-992
Production units per LLS and % on total production units of the sector.
Employees per LLS and % on total employees of the sector.
Pharmaceuticals Lombardia Milano 224 (31.8%)
108 (32.2%)
281 (30.1%)
27,420 (40,9%)
Lazio Roma 85 (12.1%)
58 (17.3%)
125 (13.4%)
6,864 (10.2%)
Total in the sector
705 (100%)
335 (100%)
933 (100%)
67,032 (100%)
Electronic Components
Lombardia Milano 124 (35,5%)
118 (38,4%)
166 (12,6%)
6,512 (21,0%)
Sicilia Catania 28 44 4 1,919
surroundings 6 13 1 3
Total 34 (9.7%)
57 (18.6%)
5 (0.4%)
1,922 (6,2%)
Total in the sector
349 (100%)
307 (100%)
1,314 (100%)
31,059 (100%)
Electro-medical Apparatus
Lombardia Milano 21 (11,9%)
14 (11,4%)
281 (12,3%)
3,447 (17,7%)
Emilia- Romagna
Bologna 11 9 99 1,443
surroundings 9 5 117 2,811
Total 20 (11.4%)
14 (11.4%)
216 (9,5%)
4,254 (21,9%)
Lazio Roma 17 (9,7%)
11 (8,9%)
180 (7,9%)
1,038 (5,3%)
Total in the sector
176 (100%)
123 (100%)
2,278 (100%)
19,443 (100%)
PROPOSED SECTORS and AREAS
for the FIELD SURVEY
PHARMACEUTICALS MILANO
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS CATANIA
ELECTRO-MEDICAL APPARATUS BOLOGNA