Salford City CollegeEccles Sixth Form CentreBTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGNUnit 73: Sound For Computer GamesIG2 Task 1

Produce a glossary of terms specific to the methods and principles of sound design and production. Using a provided template, you must research and gather definitions specific to provided glossary terms. Any definitions must be referenced with the URL link of the website you have obtained the definition.

You must also, where possible, provide specific details of how researched definitions relate to your own production practice.

Name: RESEARCHED DEFINITION (provide short internet researched definition and URL link) DESCRIBE THE RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCHED TERM TO YOUR OWN PRODUCTION PRACTICE?

SOUND DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Foley Artistry Foley effects are sound effects added to the film during post production (after the shooting stops). They include sounds such as footsteps, clothes rustling, crockery clinking, paper folding, doors opening and slamming, punches hitting, glass breaking, etc. etc. In other words, many of the sounds that the sound recordists on set did their best to avoid recording during the shoot.http://www.sound-ideas.com/what-is-foley.html

Foley artistry is when you add sound effects in a film which aren’t necessary but give the film more detail for example glass breaking. I would use these to give my production more detail.

Sound Libraries

A sample library is a collection of digital sound recordings, known as samples, for use by composers, arrangers, performers, and producers of music.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_library

Sound libraries are a digital collection of different sounds. I would use these for the soundtrack as well as the music playing In the background.

SOUND FILE FORMATS

Uncompressed There is one major uncompressed audio format, LPCM, which is the same variety of PCM as used in Compact Disc Digital Audio. Although LPCM can be stored on a computer as a raw audio format, it is usually stored in a .wav  file on Windows or in an  .aiff  file on Mac OS. The AIFF format is based on the Interchange File Format (IFF), and the WAV format is based on the similar Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF). WAV and AIFF are not inherently lossless; they're designed to store a wide variety of audio formats, lossless and lossy; they just add a small, metadata-containing header before the audio data to declare the format of the audio data, such as LPCM with a particular sample rate, bit depth, endianness and number of channels. Since WAV and AIFF are widely supported and can store LPCM, they are suitable file formats for storing and archiving an original recording.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_file_format

Uncompressed is when the audio is uncompressed. I would use this type of file to store raw audio files that I could use later in the production.

.wav 1. a format for storing uncompressed audio files.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-

This is a file that stores uncompressed audio.

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Salford City CollegeEccles Sixth Form CentreBTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGNUnit 73: Sound For Computer GamesIG2 Task 1

8#q=what+is+a+wav+file.aiff 1. Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for

personal computers and other electronic audio devices.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+aiff+file

This is another file that stores uncompressed sound.

.au 1. The Au file format is a simple audio file format introduced by Sun Microsystems. The format was common on NeXT systems and on early Web pages. Originally it was headerless, being simply 8-bit µ-law-encoded data at an 8000 Hz sample rate.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+au+file

This is a simple audio file.

.smp The file extension ".smp" shows up on several different types of files used for very different programs including audio files, images and email messages. You can usually figure out what type of ".smp" file you're dealing with based on the context, such as the file name, where it's saved or what types of programs you have on your computer that use ".smp" files.http://www.ehow.com/info_12198596_file-smp.html

A smp is a file extension that shows up In several different programs.

Lossy Compression

1. Lossless and lossy compression are terms that describe whether or not, in the compression of a file, all original data can be recovered when the file is uncompressed. With lossless compression, every single bit of data that was originally in the file remains after the file is uncompressed.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+lossy+compression

A lossy compression is when you don’t lose any of the data that you have stored.

.mp3 a means of compressing a sound sequence into a very small file, to enable digital storage and transmission.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+mp3

An mp3 file is a file that has been compressed but can be enabled for digital storage and transmission.

AUDIO LIMITATIONS

Sound Processor Unit (SPU)

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates economical input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces that use software to generate sound, as opposed to using hardware inside the PC. Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games) and video projection.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_card

A sound card is an internal computer card that makes the imput and output of sounds happen.

Digital Sound Processor (DSP)

A Digital Signal Processor, or DSP, is a specialized microprocessor that has an architecture which is optimized for the fast operational needs of digital signal processing. A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) can process data in real time, making it ideal for applications that can’t tolerate delays. Digital signal processors take a digital signal and process it to improve the signal into clearer sound, faster data or sharper images. Digital Signal Processors use video, voice, audio, temperature or position signals that have been digitized and mathematically manipulate them. A digital signal processor is designed to perform these mathematical functions rapidly. The signals are processed so the information contained in them can be displayed or converted to another type of signal.http://www.futureelectronics.com/en/microprocessors/digital-signal-processors.aspx

A digital sound processer is a microprocessor that can process data in real time.

Random 1. RAM (pronounced ramm) is an acronym for random access memory, a type of computer memory that Random access memory

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Salford City CollegeEccles Sixth Form CentreBTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGNUnit 73: Sound For Computer GamesIG2 Task 1

Access Memory (RAM)

can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+random+access+memory

(RAM) is a type of memory that can be accessed randomly.

Mono Audio 1. Mono audio is an Accessibility feature that makes sure, even if you're hard of hearing or deaf in one ear, you never miss a word, note, or sound when listening to your iPhone or iPad with a headset on. Typical stereo audio includes distinct left and right channels, so different ears get different sounds.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+mono+audio

Mono audio is where typical stereo audio includes distinct left and right channels so different ears get different sounds.

Stereo Audio Stereophonic sound or, more commonly, stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that creates an illusion of directionality and audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two or more independent audio channels through a configuration of two or more loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing. Thus the term "stereophonic" applies to so-called "quadraphonic" and "surround-sound" systems as well as the more common two-channel, two-speaker systems. It is often contrasted with monophonic or "mono" sound, where audio is in the form of one channel, often centered in the sound field (analogous to a visual field). Stereo sound is now common in entertainment systems such as broadcast radio and TV, recorded music and the cinema.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_sound

Stereo audio is a method of sound reproduction that is directional.

Surround Sound

a system of stereophony involving three or more speakers surrounding the listener so as to give a more realistic effect.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+a+surround+sound&spell=1

Surround sound is sound that gives you a more realistic effect.

Direct Audio (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM)

Direct Audio Input (DAI) is a feature of some BTE hearing aids which allows an external source to be directly connected as an input that bypasses the microphone.http://www.nchearingloss.org/dai.htm

Direct audio is a feature that aids with external sound to be directly connected as an input.

AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS

Analogue Analogue (or analogue) recording (Greek, Ana is "according to" and logos "relationship") is a technique used for the recording of analogue signals which, among many possibilities, analogue audio and analogue for later playback.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_recording

Analogue is a technique used for the recording of analogue signals.

Digital Mini Disc

There are several standard music distribution formats. The MP3 and the compact disc (CD) are the two most common at the moment, but cassette tapes are still around and 33 rpm vinyl LPs can still be found in some stores. The Sony Minidisc is another format that Sony has been trying to popularize for many years. A Minidisc looks a lot like a floppy disk but is slightly smaller (7 cm, 2.75 inches square).http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question55.htm

A digital mini disc looks like a floppy disc but is slightly smaller.

Compact Disc (CD)

a small plastic disc on which music or other digital information is stored in the form of a pattern of metal-coated pits from which it can be read using laser light reflected off the disc.

A compact disc is a disc which holds either music or other

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Salford City CollegeEccles Sixth Form CentreBTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGNUnit 73: Sound For Computer GamesIG2 Task 1

https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?tab=ww&ei=aTu1VMH2DLOQ7AaEnIDYBQ&ved=0CAkQ1S4#q=what+is+a+compact+disc

digital information.

Digital Audio Tape (DAT)

1. Digital Audio Tape (DAT or R-DAT) is a signal recording and playback medium developed by Sony and introduced in 1987. In appearance it is similar to a Compact Cassette, using 4 mm magnetic tape enclosed in a protective shell, but is roughly half the size at 73 mm × 54 mm × 10.5 mm.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?tab=ww&ei=aTu1VMH2DLOQ7AaEnIDYBQ&ved=0CAkQ1S4#q=what%20is%20a%20digital%20audio%20tape

A digital audio tape is a signal recording and playback medium.

MIDI MIDI (/ˈmɪdi/; short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface and connectors and allows a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers and other related devices to connect and communicate with one another. A single MIDI link can carry up to sixteen channels of information, each of which can be routed to a separate device.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI

A MIDI is technical standard that helps equipment connect with one another.

Software Sequencers

1. A music sequencer (or simply sequencer) is a device or applicationsoftware that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically MIDI or CV/Gate, and possibly audio and automation data for DAWs and plug-ins.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?tab=ww&ei=aTu1VMH2DLOQ7AaEnIDYBQ&ved=0CAkQ1S4#q=what%20is%20a%20software%20sequencer

Software sequencer is a device that can record edit and playback music.

Software Plug-ins

In computing, a plug-in (or add-in / addin, plugin, extension or add-on / addon) is a software component that adds a specific feature to an existing software application. When an application supports plug-ins, it enables customization.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?tab=ww&ei=aTu1VMH2DLOQ7AaEnIDYBQ&ved=0CAkQ1S4#q=what+is+a+software+plug+ins

Software plug ins is a software program that adds a specific feature.

MIDI Keyboard Instruments

1. A MIDI keyboard is typically a piano-style user interface keyboarddevice used for sending MIDI signals or commands over a USB or MIDIcable to other devices connected and operating on the same MIDIprotocol interface.https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?tab=ww&ei=aTu1VMH2DLOQ7AaEnIDYBQ&ved=0CAkQ1S4#q=what%20is%20a%20midi%20keyboard

Midi keyboard instruments are instruments that send signals or commands to other devices.

AUDIO SAMPLING

File Size Constraints - Bit-depth

In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample, and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample. Examples of bit depth include Compact Disc Digital Audio, which uses 16 bits per sample, and DVD-Audio and Blu-ray Disc which can support up to 24 bits per sample.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_bit_depth

File size constraints are when the number of information there is.

File Size Constraints - Sample Rate

In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous signal to a discrete signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave (a continuous signal) to a sequence of samples (a discrete-time signal).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_%28signal_processing%29

File size constraints is the reduction of a continuous signal.

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