II. Christianity and II. Christianity and Medieval CivilizationMedieval Civilization

A.A. The Papal MonarchyThe Papal Monarchy1. The Catholic Church controlled

land in central Italy called The Papal States

2. Controlling this territory kept Popes involved in worldly/ political matters

3. Many church officials were vassals to nobles and had to serve them

4. Because of this, nobles often interfered in the selection of church officials

5.5. Lay investitureLay investiture: the practice of lay (secular) rules choosing church officials

B.B. Reform of the PapacyReform of the Papacy1. 11th century Church leaders realized

allowing lay people to choose church leaders was a problem

2. In 1073, Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory VII decided to end lay investiture

3.3. King Henry IVKing Henry IV of Germany opposed Gregory’s plan because, without lay investiture, he would lose control over the nobles; this conflict became known as the Investiture ControversyInvestiture Controversy

4. The controversy wasn’t resolved until 1122 and the Concordat of WormsConcordat of Worms, which was a compromise between the Church and the German king

C.C. The Church SupremeThe Church Supreme1. During 12th century, popes increased

the power of the church

2. In the 13th century, Pope Innocent Pope Innocent IIIIII brought the Catholic Church to the height of its power

3. As God’s representative on Earth, the pope claimed to have power over all European affairs and used different ways to control people

4.4. InterdictInterdict: an order from the pope that forbids priests to give the sacraments to a group of people. The goal was for the people to pressure their ruler to obey the pope so they could receive church blessings again

D.D. New Religious OrdersNew Religious Orders

1. In the 11th and 12th centuries, people became more religious and many joined monasteries or convents

2.2. Franciscan MonksFranciscan Monks: founded by St. Francis of AssisiSt. Francis of Assisi. Unlike other monks, they lived in the world and traveled around preaching and teaching

3. Dominican Monks: founded by Dominic de Guzman, who wanted to rid the church of heresyheresy (disagreeing with church teachings)

E.E. The InquisitionThe Inquisition1. A church “court” created to find and punish heretics2. People who were accused of being heretics were tortured until they

confessed3. Throughout the centuries, the Inquisition became more gruesome and

corrupt4. Many innocent people were tortured and put to death because they

disagreed with the church

The Inquisition