~ijjl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/papers/hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ ijt * ~...

22
iJt * -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl Report of the Special Research Project for the Typological Investigation of Languages and Cultures of the East and West 1999 (PART I) ~iJJl*~*l§ l=:t ffi>tft©ffi~fni MEU7°0~x.!7 rliJF~ffl.tl

Upload: others

Post on 25-Jul-2020

4 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~

iJf Jf ffl ~ ~

Report of the Special Research Project for the Typological Investigation of

Languages and Cultures of the East and West

1999

(PART I)

~iJJl*~*l§ l=:t ffi>tft©ffi~fni MEU7°0~x.!7 rliJF~ffl.tl

Page 2: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

B*ffi~G~kB*A -B*A~r•m~a~J~-

ft~Jll~r · ~-~~

1 . f 1 C ~:d:

B *.AJJ:.B:1±.•a<.re ell G' Ct,) -j O)'/f, B *)'({tiifu t:s t,) LB *A ~*~·:::J

~~-:t~-~~~~ellGo ;:.0)~~~6. B*A~~8-~~~~Gc~. B*~~ft:Mft~JBHtfo~#.¢{ct,)-::>f~~x.~:t~CGo ;:.O).EJ:1=1::aO)~~ ~J:. Jt{tAffi~. ~~~. ~~1C,,JJI!~~~60c L,""($,< O)?J'-!H:s~tG B*Wf

~l:fflbtlG (i¥i 1994, ~* · o;z. 1995 tJ:c~~~)o B*ffi-O)~ffi-Jt{t:wf ~:t-tO)M~~~~<, B*■~-B:1=1::ac~~~O)~-~~Gr~~-V~J O)ffl~l:J::-::> '"'C*~-:Ht 6 tlG c::'9 G:wf~:t ~ G (Bachnik and Quinn 1994,

tc!f 1996 tJ: c) o

;:.O)J::-5~B*)'(1tiifu~1. J::<~6tl'"'Ct,)GJ::-5l:, B*A · B*~~fi* ~~ell tJ AKt-::c t,) -5 tlll~~~cij-lfi L,, $, < 0) B *A :t *k, -th~~§ a<Jl: mC~/u~~t~~6t,)i.J!a!>Go L,;o\L,i[iJ:: (~l:so:¥ft£J-~). )'({tAffi~~

~~~~ c O)?J'-!f~ B *3t1tiifiii.J!¥J~~ n. t,)t.)19) GB **~iifii~ Gt,) ft B * AKiiful:J.'t V-Cffl:!¥11 ~1.Jax. G:wf~i.)1§£$:~ tl ""(l,)-Q ("" 7 1987, ~*· 0 7. 1995,

~ □ 1996, w* 1999 ~ c) 0 1

*m~~J:. sMWf~O)l[jjj;o\6, i;O)~tOc*~sbtlGB*AO)•B:Jtt~

~it G. -t 0) J:: -s ~•B:J .'.f:7 JVii B *ffi O)*Ka<J*~ c ~a::.f:B~n~ t, l = c ~ ~ 6 i)\f:T Go :t !> 0/u, •B:ltt~~~T G c-W,X.Gffl~i.J!B *■1:$,t,);:. cf1 ~}E~~tJ:t,)i.J!, *m~iifii CG~~tJ:,¢.Ut, -tO)J::-j ~ffl~O)ffffl:. ~~J:.

~MtJ:c9)i!!HlM£J-J:I:, i;O)-~l:ffl~~L,t~ ~-~*;otf.¥tf9G ct,):>;:. c

~ellGo 2

1 ~r;l;::*t.::. Yoshino (1992) {>Ef!f (1997) O)J:::H;::, 8:.$:~~~fft~Jt:t>~isf-e:: :/JO.:Z-Q~~t, a!,-Qo 2 :.$:w.if:t, J.lll (1997), Hasegawa (1998, 1999a), Hirose (1999) 'err::>it~~'a::~-13-9 tJll,~-n) r; ~.g- · ~~ ~ itt.:: t> 0) 1: 35 -Q o

-153-

Page 3: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

:;$:~©:ff4J5¼tt~©Jffi tJ "'c'a!>Go *-f'ffi 2 W"'c'tt~ • Jt{t;-l:¥Jvc ~ffic©­~1¥.JtJ:IM!ffi l:.-::J l,,)'"("JZ!!At, ffi 3 W"'c'' B :;$:Al:.IM)g G.ffi-l:7 Jvc-c-tU:.£-:5 < ffiM1¥.J "'c'ffill.J 1¥.J tJ: El B c v) 5 ~ ;tjJ ~, -c-tt ~ ll.Jit:Ht G c ~ tl G @ ■m~ cc 1t l:.fflffl'"t Go ffi 4 W cffi 5 W"'c'tt .ffi-l:7 Jltt© f 177(_:.~{t;'"t Gt§ ~tl¥.JtJ: El BJ c v) 5 -~~ffl:fUl¥.Jl:.~it L,, ~t:,C.,3:Jl!iz!!Mt:~'"t Gma ~~~ '"t G;: ct, B :;$:■l:~v) '"C :t, 177(;:.~{t; LtJ: v)~~tl¥.JtJ: EIB~rJl;i:E L,fJ:~t n~ttJ: G fJ:J,,) ;:_ C ~~9 0 -c-©ffiMl¥.JtJ:E!Bctt, ~-±-t$:c l., '"("O) EIB tel> tJ, -c-©:i:~"'c'it-~1¥.JtJ:ffl~ta!> Go ffi 6 W"'c'~J:, ;: ©it-~1¥.JtJ: @M±-t$: c L, T©E!Bk~=-::J©~ffi~;J;G;:c~JtGo--::J~~-©±-t$:cGT© f~l¥.J EIBJ c v) 51ltlffi"'c'cl> tJ, 1t 5--::J~t,ffl-~ • :i:~©±-t$:c L, t© ff1'1¥.JE!c.J c v) 51ltlffi"'c'cl> Go ~1¥.J EIB~i:i:El~~-L,J:: 5 c'"t G;: cttt!!="ilfl:.;o);o)bG tt~l¥.JtJ:f¥tf"'c'cl> tJ, -jj, f1'1¥.JE1Bttft!!="ilf""-©;o)t,)b tJ ~:ff@GfJ:v)-flAl¥.J tJ::(¥tE"'c'cl>Goffi7Ecffi8E"'c'~,~-©J::5tJ:Bn■~~l¥.JEIB~~~c

L, t.::f;f;:* "'c'cl> G © l:.~t L,, B :;$:ffi~t, J:: tJ :tf;:j(l¥.JtJ:fffHJ'-"'c'~t, :¥1'1¥.J El c~ ~,c., c Gt.::f;f;:* "'c'cl> G c v) 5;: c ~lmu C:Go -c-l., t-c-r.t,) Gr-¥:o)rJ.J:.;o!G B :tf;:A~ ~--ffi-l:7~~ffl<1t©c~:iE~M©, ~1¥.JtJ:EIB:ff~k£-:5< ■~t-flA

1¥.J tJ: :r-fitE "'c' cl> G ;: c ~ Jt G o

wr1-~~•-••m~•- a■tJ:~. cf>,g■©~ffima~. -c-©~■tt~© m~~t11!MGtJ:~tn~t~2~ • m~'"tGr.c~t"'c'~tJ:1,,)0 Affi~ •a:•~~• tt ~~tJ:~©~~-~tt~:ff4m©t7~~-~9G~k. ~-tt~©~ffil¥.J~■ ~-c-©*.IHJ& c '"t G ;: c ;o!~J:z cl> Go *t.:.-JJ. ~ -~~=M~i ~ M©:ff4~ ~~cu.!! • m~'"tG~l:.-c-tLG ©-l:7JJ,,~f/rffl9 G;: c:o1~v)o -::J* tJ. tt~c ~-©~ ~~t1§1:t{t{:r-fi©~ffil:.cl> tJ, s *•~t, -c-©:ff~--e. ~:tJ!irH:.~~c:! n tv:1 G ~■©-:Jc~ X.Gt.::0 5 o

-~1:., tt~ • Jt{t;-l:7 Jvc v) -5 ©~t. fftlx. tf. ~ff ©lf!ittifii: J:: Gs *it '/f!s, 60 ~{~l:~~tG 8:;$:©~.~tJ:~mJ5¼~©J11!;iW, so ~{~©B*W£::f~{i ©~:iEc v)-:J tdtiH:.Jt GtlG J:: '51:, im~. -;i:E© § 1¥.J~ 1t>-:J tffl~c:! tlG t ©'°c'cl>Go c:! Gl:., -c-tLG©-l:7JHi. n*. -■©-17;t□ :¥-tcl>Gt.:.6b,

■-'-< ©-f1JJ1J1¥.J~it~tm•1t:©i&ifi'"c'-IJJ tJ ¥.lrttv) < ©:t~tl'~:fitJ: 1,,:1;: c"'c'a; Go Gt.:::b!-:J T, ~-l:7J],,©~~tt~t-c-© § 1¥.J c©~~l:~v)'t~Jltlrc:!tlG t; ©'"c'cf>tJ, ~•ma©a;G-=~~~~m1¥.Jk~ffl'"tGr.c~~-f'Gt~•~

-154-

Page 4: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

:hG-"'~ Z: c ""EtttJ: v\o L,n\ L,, )l--:h 6 O)tJ:~tT Jvn!~W 0) § 1¥.JJ21.ji.l:: *""E

tt::k~ffl ~:hG J:: '5 t::fJ:G c, i§ffi1tf$:O)fM~~Jt 'ff;:)l--O)-$tDt~l& I'.) J: tf G;: c.tt, filliJ 6:ht.:. i§ffif±~fj~tm~t±l9fG:~i1~tJ: 6 ts;: c i::tJ:Ga L, ~~~-c, Z:O)J::'5tJ:W~~iffi7-:$10)MatJ:MN~~-cfJ:G0

3 . ~ Efl t 7 Jv c Efc. 0) ~ tf.J-lt

8 ;.fs:t.b~tt, .Efl .:t:.fi c ~N{to~tt. (contextualism) c i:: J:: ~ -c Ma·:Ht 6 :hG;: c.n!?P'v\a ;: ;: ""EV.\ '5 .Efl.:t:.fi c ttfflA.:t:.fil::ffi:M9 G 1b O)""E, EJ e,O) :i:iU'ifflAO) i:p t:: cl!> G O)""EtttJ: < , •Efl !Im" t:: J:: ~ -c ~ *:tl, •Efl#ii~JU-;t .7t­'5 v\'5 ~~~it§l:l,, ~"·Efl0)§1¥.Jl::tti»U1'0),~io-U,,~1b~, L,t.:.n!~-C, .EflP-J""E0)4Ji-t.,\}J:~;: 6 fJ:v\ c v\ '5 ~ x:1.rt:S G (Yoshino 1992:19)0 -jj, ~Nfft#tt.ctt, EJ c:i:~~ x~m.~ttl!:tri::J:: ~ -CfflJE~ :hG cl,,\ 5 tt.~""ES Ga

s *AO)•Efl!lm~:i:~0)"5si~ ~~9-,u: l, -c, i:pffl (1967) i-a:, s *At-a: @c;mfl-0)~, ,C.<E.!i!~~::r;tcc.n\:r.::,;1/::.7 c v\~ t.:.fflAO):\l*--ev-a:tJ: <, .7f0)

An1~9 GW, 9tJ::b~::k~ c.il\~tl:cn\v\ 5¥-i!!~f1Bt9G cv\ 5 o ~ i; i::• ffitT Jv""Ett, 1946 ~O) Jv-.7- • x..*T-1 -!7 t- 0) r~ c.JJ J l21.*, s ;.is:v-a:, ~re~m~:M#fi~m~~:JJ-7- Httl c v\ ~ t.:.m~l¥.Jll*t::£:J < r 3 :it± ~J""E~tJ:<,•Efl~*~~•Efl~"c'O)E~:tr1¥.JJ:~c~:nkm•k~5~c O)ff?Uit~t::£:J < r :$17*-f:~J c.Ma:J~t 6:hG;: ciJ!?P'v\ <J:Pffl 1967)0

;:0):517*-f:~0)£§~fJ:90)1,]!, 8;$:AO)Mttc.~:hG fitxJ O),C.,lll!"c'S G cO)ffiffi1bSG c±E 1911)0 itxc.t-a:, r~m0)~1n~117,)1sG~.!3t~~L,-c --~@0c.~WO)#~"c'SGZ:c~~-L,~Rk, ~©•&~*liJGZ:c.J (±.@ 1971:81) ~ v\ 5 o ;: 0)•8A..O){ft#ttc:sJZfil¥.JtJ:~~;o!~Aff 1bt±~• Efl~""Elif*:h, tfBrf'ir~O)~~~ v\, J:if.1 l::{ft:(-¥9 Ga -jj, 1:if.lt'i80){~ ""E, fmrl:::ML, -CO)Jl~~ ~WWi~:hG (Yoshino 1992:18) c v\ 5 :b ~t""ES Ga

~-C, .Efl,::7Jv"c'?Z< Z:cO)""E~tJ:v\1E)O),::, f1)7J c.v\?ffl~7,]1'6Go 97 c. v-a:@ c;o1~~9 G•ffil¥.Jffi~""ES I?, )l--O)ffi~ji.vt r'}, t- J < 1b l, < vt f3'JJ)""Ecl!>Gaa"c'J!GJ::5k, Q7•'Jl--kMa1¥.JtJ:O)~, )l--O)~ff~

mt!Jl¥.J""E-JE L, -C~ 6 'f, :j;l(m,i::~ C--C~:bG c v\? ,ii\i:"c'S I'.), ;: 0)=-::>0)~1

liffl~ Z:~7,)18 *ffi · 8 *t±~~~t::J:l;IW9 G•c fJ:G c v\ -::HiJf~:ff 1b v\ G (Bachnik 1994, Wetzel 1994 fJ:c)a i:iJ~l¥.JtJ:Q7 · '} H::~1~l,-C, 1)7i;:~ 9 Q@ cO)it~1b~tJJi:t~11rvt, ~mt:J:: ~ -cffl~11¥.Ji::m,E~:h, Msx -r~1t

-155-

Page 5: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

i" G cJfVt G tlG ;: ct: tJ: G <Yil* 1973) o ;:0)~5tJ:••~~e•~e~~G--t•~~~J~e•~~~GffiMcG--c.

8 *ffi O)~~-C a!> G. A~~~~ 0) ?Z:tlD, Pf vtiMtffi~fflMH'li~Fffi. t§t~•iii.l. 8ffi.O)iffi~affiffi~k~fflat1Go

B*ffi~:fi, fil31'$ffiO)A~f{~iiiiJ ,:tt~i" GffiiJt(¥:fEL,t~v) c i btlG Cftl

~Jt. ~* 1973)0 *':. ~ A~f{~~O)JZ:tlmi. ID31'$ffiO)ili5~i:finf~,:fi Jll!JW-C~tJ:v):¥a-ca,G c i XGo {9iJxft. B*ffi-Cfi. ::kAiJ-t"T"~,:iliSl,iJ) ~Q•~.::kA~~5tO);:cer~cafu•~~afuJtJ:cc~~ ~~O)a

~i!Hi. ~7.1'-0);:ce f:%1::J c~J~cv)5~5t~~--Ca!>Go g!Hf!!Hi{IO)~ ,~c GtO)-A~{{::g~et~ L,-Ci"*:-t;: cft~x Gnt~v) G. a G ,:. ±ffi e~~ l,~v)~ffiO)~ 5 tJ:iffiiJ) GJtn~t. 1 e~<;: ciJ1im:~-ca,Q B*ffi O)ili5~fi. 11 c L,tO)~~-~~U:?Z~t Q cv) 5~x:1.Ja xl:f:l--c < Q <**t 1972,

Yil* 1973, Lebra 1992 t~ c e~fflU o

ffl:btfr§'~ffi i: ~ l, --Ci 5 c. ~ 710)-gJ:ffl etl§'i" i: fi, ~rg~ffl l, v )~ IWJ ± 0)

~iliS-Cft r~-eJ:aA.,J e~5n-t. 'J r-O)~l:ttt.,--cft f-eJ:J cv~5 ;:cite~ bt~~tn~ttJ:GtJ:v)o ;:O);fit~~v);J'-~tft. X:ffl. *JiX:-eJ:. 5t~. ~~~ :f:-0)

-ftl!illv)ilMH: ~IWJ;fil:~ffl atiGo L,t=iJ-t-:J --C Arl3i~~O)~~ft. r)=J- • 'Jr­l:~ C t!lxNft{:(¥1¥] l:t~ Go

B*A0)~8-~0)••tte~--t~cl,--C~.t§t~-~O)ffl~ffi~<a,~G tlGo B*ffi-Cfi, ~ffiO) give e r <tlGJ c ra,~·j:QJ O)=-:Jt:12S:.7JIJTGo r < hGJ fi, imftl (la) O)~ 5 i:iliSG¥iJ1~~t¥0).~l:~btl, (lb) O)~

5 l: 'J j--O)ffiJ't~~t¥ct~G-~fi~~antJ:v)o l,iJ) l,, ~~t¥iJ1ili5G¥t:: ~-:J--C?=J-O)~c:JttJ:atiG•~fi, (le) 0)~5l:rJ::liJa'Hit~v)o

(1) a. IMJEBaA.,iJ-t (f.&l:) ~~ejiL,t<nt=o b. #!Ml EB a A.,iJ't:f:-0))\.l:~~e~ l, --C < nt=o

C. IMJEBa A.,iJ't-eJ:l:~~ejiL,t< nt=o

;:O)fiO)~•iJ-t1::c:gO)fi. r)=J-O)~ft. v)b~t. mst.,¥0)}Jl;:fkant=~c.c

JttJ:atiG~G-ca,tJ, :t:n~. *ak. ~c.c®ffcO)~~•ffi••i¥J~~

G~c~~atlGo ?TC 'J j--O)~~O)••tte~"t ~ tJ filtiil¥Jt~{7tl can LV)Q O)fj:, #8ffi ·

■~ffiO)~l,,)7.1'-~t-Ca!> Go ftlxft, ~ :n'O)~*-f:O)*-f::fkl:-:Jv)--CIWJ~cffiG·~ fi, (2a) O)~ 5 t:#8ffie~v), ~7.1'-0)fi.effiG-~fi, (2b) O)~ 5 t:■

~-e~5o L,~L,.~m!;O)ffl¥ffi*-f:~O)ff'"Ca!>G·~~-~tj0)~5k■

-156-

Page 6: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

~ffi~{9!btJ:~ttHitJ. 6 fJ:t_,,:i (:::: -c'tl:ti:*O)~illJ~EB r:p ciocJE9 G) o

(2) a. tl:*f'11±lf.!i';tJ:~l,,:i*90 b. fM'il±lf.!i';\t:it.:: L, *9 o c. EB r:pf'il±lf.!i';\t:it::. L, *9 o

::n~. 9~0)~c:O)~m-c'~m1,,¥~1:'.7*~~•9Gc:~~6~m~O)A ~~~~-c'~~5c~. 1770)~-c'~G~~Oti§80)g*-c'~GC~fJ.~n Gf.J• 6t:!.cm~~hGo

:: 0) ~ 5 fJ: 13 2js:ffiO)~i1:f.J• 6. Wetzel (1994) f;i, 13 :;$:ffit;::13~t G ?1''-1::71/ 7' O)r:piC,,f'1177 c t_,,:i 5 ~El:11¥..J~,~-c'~ '? -C. l=P~ffit::13~t G ~ 5 tJ. I c t_,,:i 5 ii 0)£,~-c'fttJ: 1-,,:i c:±5:&9 Q o

4. 177 f;:JpJ,{t L, tJ. \t:i:iF~O)~;ttl¥..J El a

MW-c'ti. 13:;$:AO)~~EJaO)■~ti. 5~mm~O)EJa■~ctiatJ.o.

~El:11¥..ltJ:177t;:1P.1ft L,, ~r1H:JitG-C~ft9 Gf§;ttl¥..JtJ: El c.-c'~ G c:9 G?J'tfr ~■t&Gt::.o 3 ::O)W-c'~:t. 13:;$:ffiO)~'.J:c:L,-Cjz< ::c:0)-c'~tJ:\t:i, ffifflO)

1filt9/1f1J (evidentiality) t;:IMJ9 Gm~ (,fftl~tf. ti¥~ 1990 ~~) ~!i:,~ · m ~9 G t::.~t:f:t. 177,;:fp]ft L,tJ:\t:i-JE:iF~O)M§;ttl¥..J ElB~t~~~~G ~:f~i\ ~t:mii/J9 Gif§;ttl¥..J El 8cf:t;J:§~ht,H:i:: c ~t~ffi9 Go

13 21s:ffi-c'~jt • ~1ttJ: cO)iC.,J.l~tm~•~9 Gw-g-. r,c.,J.liz!!ffiJ c:P¥tfn Gib~· M~~f.Jifflt_,,:i6n. iC.,J.l~ffiO)±.ffi-~:t. jm1l5, ~L,¥t:~H6hGo L, t::.i:Ji '? -c. iC.,J.l~ffi0){9!ffl ,:~ 1,,-c~:t. 13 21s:ffim~~:t g a c @~O)r1e1i 0) JM!tftJ. lz:5Jlj~§jtL,fJ:~thtffJ:6fJ:l,,)o fftl~~'j: (3) O){ftl-c'~'J.. iC,-:f]!iz\!ffi f*l,,)j 0)

±.ffitimG¥-c'~O.mG¥~~0)~J.l~ti'i'.i~9G·-g-~. o~~0)~5k. , ,...,.,-ci_,,:iG · -t-5 tiJ O)~ 5 tJ:r1e1im1¥..J•m~f-t~t:IJO~G~•~i:J1~Go

(3) a. fM;t*l,,)o

b. #£H'1*\tlo C. £}~;i*i:J!'? -C\t) Q 0 d. £}~'1*-t-5 tio

,C,,J.liz\!ffiO) ±.ffit;: ~9 G :: O)ilitlf-.H:t~F~t;:JM/tf-c' ~ 0. ~ L,izl!ffii:Ji$-~-c' ~

3 J::. i'.J -~IY:J ~1!,¢.i_:6) i; 0), El c. ct,, :i ffl~i:.:~--t ~ r/!it$~ ~t\e;t;J c 8 ;$:a~ ~t\e;t J50))::t~~f,jt:.:"?v)'t~i. Hasegawa(l999a, b) ~~!ffl.

-157-

Page 7: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

tiJa:, :t-O))t~j:;:: O)f!ill~ ~~t-:T:l&tr:ll!m~ tlG O fjiJ;Ua:,C.,rJl!~ffi r;1l L, l,,)J

i:Jt, g~~~:1:.ffic"t Qm~c1l l,JJ-~5, ~i@;:"t~f?g~:1:.mc"t Gmm'°! a!> G ,6!, (4b) 0) J: :H:, :1:.ffi,0!~ L,-¥121-~ ta!> G :l:~-€i-~'i, 00 ~ =¥ ~t El ltJ1¥.H: 1f~O)mm (r-BJ=~'ill.~1l L, < ~i!"GJ) ~c:G;: cl:tJ:Go

(4) a. lMt;ll L, t,,)o b. -B}fj:~ l, l,,)o

~t-:., (5) l:Jtf\~G~~~~T~~lH>,C.,rJl!~ffil:~TGo L,t-:'6!::>"C r­t-: v)J 0):1:.ffi~t~ L,=¥ttJ:~tn~ttJ:,; i'\ irE::.=i!fO)mi~ ~~m"t G~-€i-~t, r ---­t-:n!::> "(l.,) GJ CI,,) :5 :J&l: L,tJ:~tnfttJ:,; tJ: I,,) 0

(5) a. lMt::I-l::-~~J;-f,:_l.,)o b. #-B}~'j:::J-l::-~~J;-f,:lt)o

c. £J:~t ::I - l::- ~~JJ-t-:'6! ::> "(t,,) Go

it :i - -::J, f\;;~1¥.J tJ: ,c.,rJ!!~ m -z: 3!> Q r -~- 5 J i: -::J 1,,) --r ~ x. --r JJ- J: :i o ;:: n

it~~'"c'O)~Xc~C<, =A-::tffi~-~~tlGo

(6) a. lMt, £J:~tm~t.= c,~, 5 o

b. -m:~tm~ttc,~ 5 0

C. -m:~t (El?J'+iJ,6!) m~t-=c~::>"Cl,,)Go

(6a) t~'i, r,9ci :5 J O)±ffi~'j:~ l,-¥'1:''6 t), rm~t;:J O)±ffi~j:~ l,-:¥0)-aJ:i! ta; G ;: c:'6!1¥.J~ ~ n "C It) Go (6b) tf'i, fll,.J ~tmn "Cit) fJ: t,,) ,6!, mm~t (6a)

C ~Ct, r ~ :5 J O)±ffi~j:~ L,=¥'1:'tJ:~tnfttJ:,; tJ: 1,,)0 .=:.Af$::tffi0),~,~~ ~~Qi:it, (6c) O)J::ii: r~::>"Clt)GJ clt):>:J&i:t,tJ:~tnfttJ:1::itJ:1,,) (r:p ;(3 1994 O) =E-~- 1) T -1' filfu it~ ~L

;:O)J::5fJ:M~~--~B*ffiO)±ffi~~~~~bG~ffil¥.JtJ:~~t~tJ:<, ~,0!~0),C,,rJl!!Jx~~i1ffi'€1¥,Jt:~ G;: c:'6!'1:'~ GiO) c: It):>, ~ffi~O)-~itt~t: iQ\iQ)V Q rp,~'"{: a; -Q O i1J111;'0)~ili5'"{:~J:, iliS L, =¥ft El 7.1'-f)}'j.O) Ar1e1, O),C,,rJI! ~ I!fi'€

1¥,Ji:~ -Q;: C f'it~tJ: 1,,)0 L,;oq_..,,j\~O)J: :> tJ:~~~~O) it C t~'i, ~=i!t~'i:t

;: t:fa'i;o)tlG ffl::3'f-O)~~~~O)ftl~:±tcY.> t), :t-0)~~-r, =A-:±ffic,C.,rJ!!

~ffi~fttfflT G;:: c:'6!'c'~ Go

(7) tf<r~'i, -BJ=~tm~ti c,~, ::> t-:o

(3)-(6) 0) (a) Xe (b) )'(O);t,t_ft;o),;~;o)'UJ::iJ!GE!cO)ffl~~'i, tk;l,"Cffi

;t,J-1¥,JtJ: it 0)-Z:~itJ: < , imltltt it tJ: It) o r:'.7 70),f\;;~fjiJt a!> G£J;i!'1:' a!>::> "Cit, El

-158-

Page 8: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

c.c.~-m l.d~ iHa-~•fi~"iiJ~""c'cf>Go ;:ni; ©-ff~>Cfi, -ctliJ!v\i,){:~~ 1¥.l""c'*l~t~ t> (J) ""c' if> 0 '5 c., B *ffiiltst v \ El c.:i:~ :a:: iru~ t: L, -C v \ G ;: c :a::5R

9t>©""c'cf>D, -c©~:'.>~i■:a::~ffl9Q~~fi~■k~GtlG(J)c~&©­

JE~~(J) Elc.ffl~:a:: t>k~v\ C~XG;: cfi::f"iiJ~""c'cf> Q O "tt~b~, 1§Y:tl¥.J El c.©ffl~fi B *ffi(J)JC,,Jll!JZ!!■(J)>C7t c fi;f§~tl~ v\;b ~ttcf> Go

5. B*ffik~nG~Ml¥.JElc.©~&tt

;: ;: *"t'(J) c;: 0, ffi 3 W"t'fi, t):f-t:~ft;"t GffiMl¥.JEI c.t:~"t G~•:a:: fflffli L,, ffi 4 W"t'fit):f-t:~ft; G~v\MMl¥.JElc.©7f-ftE:a::~ Gt~o ;: (J)ijJ""c'fi, B*ffik~~GMMl¥.JE!c.(J)atttt:a::•GGo

*~ffi-k, M~1¥.JElc.~iffiB•©•Mk•ttG~. fflMl¥.JE1c.(J)M~~ :f,l}fi, i,)~D1ft:~Gcv\'?-~,:i=t§ Gt~v\o tJ\~-~~'"c't>, 17:\=-!>~

!v*GC.,f,'?J cv\--::>k>(iJ!, ::±:ffi(/)f§'~-~tfit~<, ~l.,=:p(J)~X:a::;_&•

L, -Cv\ G ;: c fi~~ < 3:ll!M"t'~ G iJ!, El ?J'(f)-aJ:~ :a::JG~!lxr5r. t: ~--::> -c fi, r ~ -m:~lvJ "t'ftt~<. r-m:J c:Wtft~~ttt~i~i;~i.,\cv\'5~-5~;:cfi. ,J\~ ~~y/fO):lj~c""c':i:~1¥.Jt:~x t>tlG lE>(J)'"c'cf>Go

ffi=,:, ~~=:piJ!t):f-(J)~i,) 'J 1-- (J)~i,),:~G~v\?J'~tfi, !Z,~L, t> B *M 0)9""-C(J)jjj t:~im L, -Ci XG;: c""c'}it~v\ c v\ '? ,~t>~!i:'"t~~""c'cf> 0 '5 o Shibatani (1990:123-126) ~;J:1:J: (1999) t~c''°c'iz!l""Gtl-Cv\G~ '? ,:, .tE(J)

~imffi(J)£■""c'cf>G.~1.ii~~~B*ffikM*D,~ffl(J)•aM&k~--::>-C

fF D J:~f Gtlt~T$ffi · ~ffi,p$:*:a::~< I& D Atlt~ t> (J)'"t:'if> D, ~fi:a::~~t~i B*ffic:G-C~~~DM-~lE>(J)'"t:'cf>GcixGo B*ffi(J)~<(J)nik~. =~©~aHr~ffi~.i!Wt~T~ffi • ~■'Pf*}i~Gtl~v\o -1.i. ffi 4 W"t'~ t~JC.,Jll!JZ!!■t:~"t Gi!iU*{Jfi B *ffi-~t:~-Cfi* G c.~x t>tlGo

ffi.:::.{:, fjij (2) ""c'5R~tl-Cv\Q~ '? t:, t):f-O)~lliS'°c'fi rt1:1Hitl:Htt~~ v\*'"tJ civ\, 'J J-.(J)~,:y:11..,-c,i rmq:i,ttl::lffl;v\t~G*'"tJ ci:'.>~v\?J' ~t }iffl$a>C7!1¥.J""c' if> D , !ciz!l i ffi~ (J) ::l:J)!tiB?J' c }i i v \ ~ v \ c ;: 0 iJ! cf> G o ;: 0);: c,i, ~< (J)~tf:iJ!tf:P-J~llf(J)-~c 1..,-c, =+~lli< cf>G v\fi~ttW-J: ©MFl'li, B *■:a::~ffl t.,,-c~t~tf:j~J:~ffi(J) rIE L, v\J ~v\jj~~XJ6Uc. v\ '5 -~~, B *(J) i~ c Iv c (J)~ Jat: fi~ffi(J)*iJ!Mz..,~{c. v\ '5 -~ii) G ti L,:I;: G

;: c. iJ!t ~ Q o -en ,:y;t 1..,, r1i 1.., i., \ J ~ r ~- '5 J t~ c (J)JZ!lffiiJ!lliS 1.., ¥ £J-j} (J)

±ffit:fi~xt~l,,\;: C :a::~~-c~x G!Z,J)!,t~ < ~l,,\ Cl,,\ '5 -~,t~J)!""c'cf> Q O

ffi~H:, r§l:~t-!!!.~J t:~~~tlG-~8*0)~~tf:~t. T~~iJ! r-11J

-159-

Page 9: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

0):§:~:a:!l'f:btJ:v) c~ .:t Q i:tt~lJl!;o!ii!> Q o s lfs:tft, ~~*O)tf:~~,5x;~O)i'iJ fllif!ft, *!m?J'-i7!~~!:-&!v)~W]!:f1c* G c 1.,) '5 ~ ;tjj!:~'::5-~, tfJflll]O)~

M~G~♦~M*IJ,~~-~**~AG*t&~~~-:a:~~-~G=c~

tJ: GO ~-~:!l!HiJffiffz::jlt i; n, ") ;o, !:*~;otre-:t;--c cf> 0 '5 C' l,,) ;o, r: 7 ✓ 7

O)j§'jl.,)~tier::im-:::> -Cv)J: '5 c, =O)J®fffz::a:I/J:6•T= cft"t:'~~1.,)0 $< O)*~

~t~, fm*c~♦TG=c:J:IJ, B~~-:J=c~a~:a:~<o =O)•-~* t::.., 8 lfs:Ati!E! BO)it~:a: ~kfJ:I.,) c:6•, EJBO):@:~;o!fm;j!f:a: ~~Uc I.,) '5~

;t c ft~ ,lj-9 Go i·,

~fir:, M9Jta913 Bftl):fO)}!s:fHllU:J:ffz:~'::5lJ- 13 tlG ~ O)"CfttJ: <, L,;o, ~,fflM~E!BJ:IJ&:;$:~~-~"t:'ci!>G=c:a:~'"t§Mffla~ii!>Goffi3Wt ~~J:'5~, -~IIJ~r<ttGJ~, if.>Gfi~~J:-:::>-CMG¥~am:a:~~, ~n:a:ci!> IJ ;o!t::.. < ~,-:::>-Cv)Q = c:a:*'"tO)r:ft:bttG;o1, -~•O)~~t¥;o! r-BJ:J O)J:-j~l):fO)~c~;tt;ttG•*~~ft-j=c~"t:'~G.~tl~,=A•--c 3!>-:::>-C~l):fO)*"t:'ci!>G~~IJ~fflM~EIB(O)}!sAa~) ~~*tlG~G~ c~~~tlGo L,~L,-jjt, rm-SJ O)J:-j~~lll!~M~-A-±Mc:G~ 1:C:~1.,)cl.,)-j=c:a:ffi4Wt~t::... ==t71ElT""~fj:, *fftlO)J:-j!:, = n G=fiffiO)J.Z!!ffi;o!~i@T GW*tci!> G.

(8) a. ;¥Mt, llrrJEE~/v;o!~~t-c<ttGc:Ji!:.'-5. b. #~O)Afj, llrrJEE~/v;o!WJ~t-C<tlGc,~,'5. C. SH"j_, llrrJEE~ /v;o!WJ~t--c < tlG C,~, '5 0

±MO) rftJ ft~~~:a:~~ G~ t,) O)t, (8) tft, DF-lll!~r: ~t±tit: ~Jt~ r:~Jt.LtG-CJ:t,)=cr:tJ:G. -~ (8a) tfj:, 1;¥LJ ~j: r~,:>J O)±ffic 1-W) ~-C<tlGJ O)§Ef9ffi0)~75:a:•~Gcm~~tlG0)~9:imtci!>G.~tl~M G (Sb) tfj:, r~O)AJ fj: r~,5J O)±ffir:~ttJ:tti\ *t::.., 17:fO)*t~

~ v)t::..'liJ, ,~m( O)~ ~t¥ c ~,W~ ~ tltJ: v ). J:-:::> -C1' 13 ~tJ:Jt c tJ: G. Foi~~j: (8c) "t:'if.>G. =O)J'.(fj: (8b) cfjJ\~IJ~~llJfllit;:;o!, 1£;}:J fj:,~-O)~~t-¥ cG-ctDtm~~n, r~,5J O)±fficfjJW~ntJ:v). -:J*IJ, 1-BJ:J ft?:fO) *cft~.n-c~, ll,\:~~-O)±ffit;:f'j:~tltJ:l.,) C l.,)-j = c"t:'cf.>Go = 0) = cfj:, M9Jt~l3Bc 1):fO)*cO)F1m:~n~tJ:v)~:W-;o!ci!>G = c:a:~9~ O)"t:'if.> G. ~Gr:, ~tl;o!,C,,Jl*ffl CI.,):> AF1m: C-:::> L J: IJ ~*~tJ:ffi~t:.W., I:> tlG = C

~i;, ffiM~E!B~fflM~E!BJ:IJ~lfs:~~-~tci!>Gc§.:tG.

-160-

Page 10: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

-191-

.f.1,1;t:t2:Efrll(f)i?:f.t r,'lr:f:J ® 'ffi:¥./b~(f):?:f.t ru*lTJ ® '!!!~@~(f)~-:?T+

f~J c} f:fJ d) '+f::Jg:¢8 '2.,,F?f~filf'iUf(f)ffi:¥(;,'l(;¾ 0~'4?1Q!(f)~~4

=?~lfJ!!J-'2'~~#(!)3=~~+1:J,l;t:T.,l(f)ffi:¥g~ 0

~ c;i?:JEi''' ,'} =? ,'lT.,l'l =?ifW

+1:l=J! 'il;t: ~ 4=? ~w~~#(f)4=~ ~+1:l=W 'f1,'l1ifT.t~:¢m(f)~f-bffi:¥~'7:t

=r ~-Y ffi:¥~0 ° ~ '4? J..1r'y -1 (f) ift*■ ~ ~ 4Q1 f¥:rn§J.1t:ffi:¥*~ (f) g ~ , , 'l

:f.t'1 =?~El~~~ '+1=?1ft¥~'7! 'f(.-'J..1(~-1 (f)1ft¥g~ ~4Q.1l¥:rniJ.wt

~~~(f)g ~ '+1 =? ffi:¥~~ 0 ~ '4? J..$ ;f (f) ~.y 1ft¥g ~ (f) 1('y -1 ~ T+V (; , 'l

=? fffi:¥~~-ffi-~0J '~'28~~·'2B~0°~'4?J..00m(f)4'1a(f)2.

1 =? r$;1:(f)*~J ,'lT.t'1~m~~#(f)4~friJ '+1=?'2B~'7! 'u c;i?J..OOfif(f)

4:'1a(f)2.'1 =? f$;f(f)~gJ,J ~4~f¥=?4~~ '+1(!) (;,'l=?'2B~~J-* o~:;:)~~=?-:2

~ ,'l.2.. U 9 .f.tC: *$:J,'Jrq:i ~ '2 B ~'7!+1g:¢ El ''1 f¥:J (f) ~ ,'!2. U 9 .f.t~ *$

:J,'J1q:1~'2B~~+1g ~ TJ (; :f (f)■-'Cl <;i?ii;t:OO(f)c.= (; ,'l =? f'2B~'7!J =?

r2B~0J '+1:J'28(f).2..'1 =?~1i~!fA(;,'l=?4'1a '+1J..~:¢ '_{_'tf

0 ~ ~ J.,f(.gf

-:';/. c.~_.w:1 (; !J(f)gi).g ~U¾-:';/. c.~_.w~ :2~:J~:';f.,'l:f.tt'l2. ¥el'f,i;t:'1 :1 ~00-~~Ji (; ,'l =?4'1 a+1~-T.,l <;; :f (f) :2 ''1 ,l;t:'7 °~<;j?J...f.1Q (; ,'l =? ,'lT.,l

ti~~--* 9 T.,l:J~#¥}N¥t.+1'2B '~:';/.,'lT.,l 9 TJJ1U.f.1T.t.f.htf,'l~~ffi¥(f) > ~2.:::1$~N¥t. '>:r.t~~=?:2:f.t(;:f~4Q1M•W~U¾~~-:¢8 '1'1M :J(f)C.~~1l;t:~ij~(f)'2ij :J~:';/,(f)¾ ''1~#}. '1 =?Ji=? :2 (f) Elf~il;t: I (!)~~

~~Y-~(f)4ru~4'1a~J..■~:f.t(;:f(f)■-·u*c.0

~<;i?J..~~~q~

,l;t::J~~~}$.kY ':';/,)v*~J..~ £~ '+1U¾ 0

~:2~ili~~(;,'l=?t'lT+¥~+1

=?'28(f)~±~(;:f(f)'28~~~~•-tJ.m.(!):?:f.tg•'~'2B~~r:f:~■:¢8

'1'1=?~¥1'~2.'1=?~'1■~~'2BJ..*X~~J..Elf■~~!fa~,::r(f):2 0

~u Si ¥ *=r ~ '4? J.. ~Ji~!faT.t~I!!.&■:J■ ~ ~ ~ 9 '4?+11¥¾ '9 :fJ ~ ,'l &~~Ji(; t'l =? '2 BJ..

•• (f):2 o~<;j?J..'=?:2({)3='7-~~r:f:~ ™·~(f))..'7=? ~~ffi~~~J (;

,'l(f) 17661 ~q:i '+1:J@~Q:f) ~-~ 'Q*c. 0,'lT+Si1'.t,1;t:t1:1'28(f).2..'1

=?$;f■~ ~,'l Elf~ffi¥g~~~ 'Ji¥~ :J-mW '+1(!) (; ,'l =?'2B~f¥~ 0

:';/.

~J..nhfr11=?'28~f¥~~'2B (; ,'l (;¾ 'u '4?ili~B~(f)'28 ~U.?fiftil 9 ,i;t::f

L;t:J :2 :2 °,'l1'Jtiu '4? ~ =? :2 ~ 4~}fg]:J:fL;titi'2B ':';/.* ·~ =? :2 ~ 4~r$­=? '2 Biti,l:(f):f (i '+12. ,'l~:1■*ilff''J

1(f)fi:¢ 8 ':J (; :f :';f.~.2..1f J..*U:2

~m=(f)¾=?'2B(f)i1=?~~~ma ·g

Page 11: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

•~" @ rftv). t,)t,)Jt.J tJ:c'O)..tt~•m, @ r--e'"t. *'"tJ tJ:cT$-f;f;:O)WJ

~R,@r(~) ~?~JtJ:cO)~OO-mtJ:cffi~Qo ~hG00~¥*~0)­mf;.t JJ::~J:, ~89-mc l, ""C L,;o\1:§t,) GhtJ:v)o ~~¥*~•m:a:i3t1'1:iJ~

xit*k, 00~¥~0)*~tt:a:it:J~c~tJ:0,~89-mcl,""C~-'9-Qo­'JJ, oo~¥*~•mei3*tJ:v)-1:iJ~x~t, !l!i L,¥iJ1ftl!~"'-O)~•:a:jt~ L, tm

l,,)fJ:l,,)iJ,~ o ~ifl.89•m--e~ O, -JJ::O)f.tl,,)e•m L,f~ it 0) i::'"t~'tJ:v)o

~89•m~ML,¥0)G•·-~~~bQitO)'"c'~QO)~ML,,&89•m~M L,¥0)ii:.,09tf~l::M..Lt'"t-Qo ii:.,89!/}(■~i, ~,~f'FJ:I:] e•m'"t-Q,~,~~liiJI:: 7 7-.

/'{~ 1--ffl~O) r-cv':1-QJ :a::J~t""C-~h-Qo rf.t5J e~~c'"tQ,~,~~!iiJft r--- cJ c v) 5 s1mtme co, ~O)tfB7.1"~tf.t~~~e•'"t o Ktt~~~O)J;.e•

TiS ffi•mO) V-"')Viifl.89.mttJ:~thfitJ: G tJ: l,,) 0)-C, ~-~~~'iij~"j:, ~O) SI J:l:]$l::fi,.09•m L,iJ, c Q ~ ci:J1t~tJ:v) ct,) 5 tllitf'l:a:~~t Qo -fftlJt.~~t (9)-(10)

eJ:t~-cJ;.~ 5 <J2J-r, ft89•me< >-c, ~89•me c J -c•'"t> o

(9) a. *~fj:, <mi::t,i:J1J.,)fJ:l,,)>c,~,-::>""Cv)Qo

b. *~fj:, <ffit.-:!J? >c~,-::> ""(l,,':1-Qo (10) a. **~f;t, [ffit.-:~J c~,-::>""Cv'l-Qo

b. **~~1, [ffit:t] c~,-::>""Cv'l-Qo

(9) -e~tr~tmO)•mtJ1~rH~ • ffHic l,,) 5 t,89!/}(■ :a:•'"tO)t, s1mtmi::ftf1. 89•mi:J1~t~ 0, L,f~iJ1-::> ""CX7!89t~ Qo ~hl::;ttL, (IO) t~t, r~tfB

0)00~¥*~•mtJ1s1m:im~-f;f;::a:~89•m1:: L, tv'l Qt~~- iFx7!89 ctJ:Q o -'JJ, riS?J e~~c'"tQJE~~~~tf.t~~~cftAtJ:O, ~O)slmtmi::

ft89•mit~89-mitcQ ~ciJ1t~Qo {ftl;t.~t (11) tf"j:, ~89-mc l,""( O)jeMi:J1~0) * * slm ~ h ""(l,,) Q c~ ;t_ G hQ 0

(11) a. *~~tJtrl:: [ffit.:~J c§-::>t~o

b. *~ ~"j:Jt r I:: [ffit:tJ c § -::> t~ o

c11> O)slmtm~t, *~O)Jrri::M'"tQG~■-cc:tl::, mt-:cv':15*~0)

~' i.,) it~ ;t_ ""Ci.,) Q 0) t, ~ 0) ~ 5 I::, * ~ 0) JE § :a: fl.89•m 0) V-"')v t~-15-'"t

Q ~cit m•-c~-Qo

(12) *~~1Jtrl:: <mt-:> c §-::> t~o ~Xr!'"'cv) 5 Mr!O) !KZIJiJ, G ~ ;t_ ~;f, (11) iJ1it~Mr!'"c', (12) iJ1rfli~Mr!I::

-162-

Page 12: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

-f:91-

ESCO¾ -~~24~#~~~co-•co¾~$~EgJ,247,~¥gJ,~~w~ ••2~7~~ ·~co~Ufu~~~2~~ r1~Q·>~JCO§fi=J...4CO::

0

~1J...~CO¾;' ':f ~ '+.1CO l·

~c..~~••,,1t7:;t.{::~i1 {1~4/>in ''l/. {1~4/>in <so

02c;i?J...-{£CO~

m 21¥ 9 , 'l & J... ~¥P'..l~¼fS ~, 'l 7 2 ¥gJ, :1~W~ ~M ~ 1 ■•iQ'. =E 1 ¥~ ':1 ~~4~:1~ ·i1co2u~~~1Q'. en)

0

2U9¥&t:r:;t9,Q'.,1t~1r~i1:1:&; mc~~m~~Mco■•ic..~~1 ·ac;rJ...~¥~04¥~2ij~0coi1 :r$~co¼fg,i1 r1~q • >iu •7,,1t7,Q'.i1~;,r.1u::

02c;i?J...~¥2

us::1~:1(f4~7,'l~1Q'.Wff4:r-1~if ·r.1 (171) 1~:1u¾ 04~{~2ij~"lta

*c. '$~co••~~i1 r,~eJ ·a c;rJ...~¥:r-1~~%8ijJ...$eu¾i1 cs1)

•• ,,'l7:;t.{::~¥-1 {1~4/>JD # (171)

■-, , 'l :r :;t{::~¥-Hf e (£1) 02UQ~72

¥ ~ 9 ,Q'.,'l~CO~H!!J.ful1:1~2U 91f:Hl$-CO~ '¥-1CO ~ ,'l 7 2 c;i?J...~¥~04¥ ~2e~01Q'.i?:f..l r1~4 • >JlJ 'J...~¥~'1:k4¥~2ij~"l:k1Q'. r,~ijJ

0

2c;i?J...W~B~i~■J...¥~2¥&t~•*co■*B ·~7:: ~,'l74¥J...~}fff:CO~±~-,,'l7 rffijJ ~U¾+.1J...■*8 'Qc;i?1Q'.OOCOC. -, ~ ','l72ij~"l:k+.1:l=E1~

0

, ~¥ ~ 7 2c;i?J...~~,'l~1:it&t,Q'.100CO 117'2ij~0C041 ~¥-1U:: '1Q'.:;,LCO 21Q'.~C.:lf?¥&t, ,'l 7¥#¥J-~¥j;CO '2ij~,'lJ...1(.f.~IE~ ·:1~* '1Q'.7::co::

0

(00~£l61:¥FJf) 2*~a~:1 ~ln!=E~~~icoJ...@ffi:~~ '¥-1,Q'.2,'l&~•co;,

0

21¥9 ,'l&~ $~•co;,:r-1 r=ll¥ J c}~$m~co:? :r-1 rry ~:.?<;~J ·i 17 ~~~~~$~2¢1Q,1tco;,

~r1~Q·>~J ·J...•~~~7::4~1m~2e~0 'f?-0

2u~¥J... •, ,'l 7 r ff ijJ '+-fci_ij~"l:k

0

2 4~#:1 ~riffrQ'.:;t:i:r:: 4¥~'2e~071-1 7::4¥~2ij~~-~J...■*s •74~~~~2e~0-2e~~J...::::

■-COQ~'2ij~0·■*8COQ~'2ij~~ "l

021~qiiJ;'!llt~*+-11,'lC.:lU:: v

0

2¥ ~ :r 2c;i?J...&1€C0?&¥~'1:k+.17 ¥l¥~~~SJ • U c;i?J...&1€(0f&¥~0+.17~¥~~lfl ':j~-9 ,Q'.7:: co::

02~c;i?

Page 13: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

:±1;$: c L, -c 0)01¥J El B t: r l£ < • b t=. L, J ;;o1~i!rCt":J < ;;o\ Gt a; .'Q o c ;: 0 ;61 C 14)

0) J:: :H;: L,;6, -Q~ ~>(~;61-g.;t G tl-Cl,,'.'ifJ. l,,'.'i.-@iv'i, ri£ < • :bt=. L, J ;;o!~U

":J < ~ ~01¥J El B:6t~~T~ tJ. v'.'i O)'"C', ~t.Pt;:~ t: G tl.'Q :b ~tt a; .'Q o -15 (13) ;;ot~i:g~ti,-QO)vt, r137.i'-J :61~--tfLl¥JE1B:61~~~~pgt;:~~t~, ~ O)fl,1¥J El c.:61~~pg~~~~ G-Cv'.\ .'Q c El c.~~1¥Jf;:M~i" .'Q;: c:6!t'fI .'Q ;;o\ G '°C'a!>Go ;:O)J:: 5 (;: (13) c (14) O)~:s'.r.ffH'i, r137.i'-J v'ifLl¥J Eli=.~~ L,, fl£< • :bt=. l..,J tJ. cvt01¥J El c.~~9 Cl,,'.\'? ilf;tjj~~{-t~t -Q ~ 0)'"{:'3!> Q 0

~GI;:~~ lJ.,-C, ~O)J:: :i fJ.>Cl;::t:nt G q£ < J O)M~:6t=iffi. i:H;: a; v'.\ :t v'.\ T a; . .'Q,~ I;: ":J l,,'.'i-C ~iz!!~-C :J3 'fit=. v '.'lo

(16) fk5'!H'i, l£<vt~~ftJ.v'.'ici§-:::i-Cv'.'i.'Qo

--:J~r~<J~fk~~ffii"M~T, ;:O)•-@i~,~m©••m~~ffl~i".'Qo ~:i--:J~r~<J~~-~, -:J:tf'J>C~t$:O)ML,¥~ffii"M~t, ;:©•-@i vtr11i•m~ta!>.'Qo ffi 6 WtJ~.t=., fLl¥J~:gi • 01¥J~:git;:£-:::f< M~©7.i'-tfi't' vt, ;:©M~J:O)~v'.'ivt, 5lffi$~{;f;::6!01¥J~mtJ.©:6\, ~nc ~ 5lffilm©­$tcl!> .'Q ri£<J t.-:~t:6!01¥]~:gitJ.©;;o\O)~l,,'.'il;:J::.'Qo L,f;:;;o!-:::i-C, (16) © 5lffi$t;: vt~O)J:: :i tJ.=im f'J ©~5R~l};t Q = c:6!t'fI Q 0

(17) a. t'<~v'i, U£< vt~~ftJ.v'.'i] ci§-:::i-Cv'.'iGo b. fk~vJ:, < U£<J vJ:~~ftJ.v'.'i>ci§-:::i-Cv'.'iGo

(17a) Tv15lffi W~t$::6101¥J~:mT a; f'J, -c© :±~vtt'<:!J5 "c' a; .'Q ;;o\ G, 01¥J El B~~i" rt£< J vtfk~l;:~U":J~tGtlGo ~tll:J;tL,, 5lffi$7'.11fJ,1¥J~mt cl!>.'Q c17b) tit, fk~vtfL1¥J~:m©::l:~t.-:iJ\G, 01¥JEIB© ri£<J vtt'<:!J5 t;:vt~U":J~t Gtl '"g, -c©~*' ~-~,;:~U":J~t Gtl.'Q = cl;:tJ..'Q O

-fftl (16) cftJt~1¥Jt;:, Jlr!,~IJJiirJ:61ffiv'.\ Gn-cv'.'i.'Q;gz©>Ctft, rt£< J it a; v'.\ :t v'.'i'°C'fttJ. <, ~-~~t§'i"M~tDt:611iJfllitcl!> Go

(18) fk~f'j:, 1£< vJ:~~ftJ.v'.'ic{gt:-Cv'.'i-Qo

ffi 6 W"c'iz!!~f;:J::? I;:, Jlr!,~IJJiiiJvt~MlbiiiJ c~tJ. f'J, 5lffi$l;:f,&1¥J~:m L,7'.), c .'Q ;: c ;;ott~tJ. v'.\ O)"c', (18) f;:!lf ~ tl.'Q M~vt~t:5Ri" ~ © tDt t,, i)\ tJ: v'.\ c v '.\ ? ;: c I;: tJ. G o

(19) fk~vt, < U£< J vt~~ftJ.v'.'i>c-Fat:-cv'.\.'Qo

==T01¥J~:m0) rtt<J vt, (17b) ©•-@icfii'Jt:JJl!rnt:J::f'J, -8•~1;:~ut ":J~t Gtl.'Qo ~ L, 5lffilm~fJ<:!J5 El ~;;ot~~ftJ.v'.'i c v'.\ :i;: c ~-8.:z G pg~I;:--t .'Q

-164-

Page 14: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

tJ.G, (20) O)J:'5 f;:, f.lSl~Elc.~-9 r135}J ~fflt,)fJ:~ttL~itJ:GtJ:v)o

(20) fk'5 i1, < El5J'i1~~ftJ: v)> c-ra t:-cv~ ,Q 0

;: ;:--e r137J'J i1, ~,9°fk'5~r§'l,, "t"tlWJi-O)A~ffi't1WfR}1tJ:v)a ;:tH1,

~~~~~,Q&~-~O)~~~fk'5~~G,&~Elc.~-9r13~J~fk'5 f;:lr.ffvt-::J;o\fJ.~ttHitJ: G tJ:v)iQ\ G 1:3!>-Qa

i§ •~~i;: J: -::i -c i1, (20) 0) J: :i tt.r13itf€m~ 0) 51.ffl ms ,:j:q;:~iui,Q r El 5J' J ~ rm~r§'ffe~~J (logophoric) tJ:ffi~c:Pf.vt, {7iJ;~Ui, r§Em, ~-~- ~~~ ~•:b-tl!J~(;:{tf~9Qijj0)9J""Cfflt,) Gtl,Q WEJ5J'.!I i1, "t"O)Jeili5, ~-~, ~

~O)Jeili5~, ~~~~ffi91~1Hlli~ffl-::JJ (?\mf 1978:213) c*~-t:5~t-Qo ;:(J)

ct :i tt.m~ffiffe~ifJ~*i_H1, r El 5J'J c v) :i Mfn1, **- ~~ El c.;o\ G fRJ31J ~ fl-Qf.l,,~ Elc.~•9*5JIJ(J);: c:~£1:3!>-Q ct,) ':5;: c:;¢\ G El ~i;:~;¢\fl,Q 1b(J)""c'

3!}-Qo 5

;: ;:--er±El9~~ia:, fL~Ela~•96§:l~(J);: c~ic L,-c r137J'J c v) ':5Mf ~3!,-Q;:c~ct-::>-C, B::4s:Mi-1:~,ml,~~-1:3!>-::>-Clt>"t"(J)&~Elc.~r13 5J'J 1:•9;: c ;¢11: ~ ,Q ct,) ':5 ,¢.i: 1: a!> ,Q a L, t.:;¢1-:::i -C, (21) (;: fitlffe9 Q ct ':5 (;:, r El 5J'J iJ:v)i,)\fJ.,Q A (A~) (;:y;t l,-C 1b-~1'~1:3!> ,Q 0

(21) U£</~JJ./a!>O)A} i1, El5J'~1~~ffJ.v)ci§-::it.:o

;: (J)-~~J:, !> J=. ':5 c~Mf (J) I ;¢1!t!i L,~;¢-!t,) ;o\fJ: ,QA 1: a!>-::> -C 1b-~1'~i;:ffl v,Gn-Qcv)':5(J)c.ljlff~""Ca!>-Qo t.:ti:@'?Ji~UJ:, B;:4s:Mf(J) r137J'J ~a:fL~El c.~•9(!){;:y;tl,-C, ~Mf(J) I ~J:~~ElB~•:t"cv)':5 ;:ctDt""Ca!>-Qa 91: ~~kct':5~, B::4s:M1:~~~13a~r~<·bkl,JfJ.c~M~cl,-C$8 tt.•~1:•~n-Qa ;:ti,~,~m~~~- B::4s:M~~~~ElB~•96§:l~(J);: c ~iil!tJ: v)t.:~ i;:, ftil!fti::m L,;¢\ ~t-Cv) ,Q ;o\ c: v) 5 ~~ i::~·:J~, •~ tJ:;:

c~i~Rffl l,-Cv)-Q i;:-t~tJ: l,,) (J)""C~-Q 0 "t"(J)i,)\:b I'.)(;:, B ::4s:gi;:~j:f.l,,~ El C,

~·96§:]~0);: C ~i CL, -c r El 5J'J ;¢!3!) ,QC l,,) '? Ji~i,)!m~tJ.0)1:3!)-Q 0

"t"tl~ML,, ~•~~B*Mf(J)r13~ ~a!>kQJ:'5tJ.&~Elc.~•9~~ '1

(J);: c~i~J:tJ:v)o "t"O)t.:~~-~J:, ~~EJB(J) I ~9J,C.,c L,t.:A~R~~ii.l~E ffl l,-Cfh~ El a~•9 ct,) 5 {±iJI.JJ-1::tJ:-::i -Cv) ,Q a fitlfUj\ (22) O)~tf€!t!i~

5 r El 7.1'-J I;:: rif.l,.s':) El C ~£ft"J'l'l $£J-j\.. l::, r 4-r- ri El 0'-7'.)1~ L, t.::~ l::,Wetl] G nt.::J ®~5~~~~Gn~m~~ffl$c r4r~E1~~-~~J OJ~5~~~~Gn~~ !lf/l-~ffl$:o1cl5~o ;:;:-cfil'.l-s)..Gt~t,\;ot, .!ll!I (1997) '1:'~GGntt,)~~51::, ;: n G ©Jl'l$rifl.~ El c~~Tfflr!ni G ©~~s':lilt~c L- tt!Ex G n~ t ©-c cl5 ~ o

-165-

Page 15: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

e~-M~kE•G~5C9GC.~~8B©Ie.&~sae•9=c~k t1:~•xtJ:~ttHitJ: 6tJ:v,iJ1• ±M© x iJ1~em9;o,viJ, 6tJ:1.,,;o,~'1J. ~ tlJ;t ""c' ~ tJ: VJ 0

(22) X said, [I can't swim].

~-""c'~.xk~9~••ffi~~6nt~c~t&~@ae•m9G=cffi""c' ~Go fftl~~t. (23a) ©~5t:XiJ1 1 tJ:6f.&~8c.1b I, (23b) ©~5i:XiJ1 you

tJ: 6f.&~8c.1b you, (23c) O)~ 5 i: X iJ! John/Mary fJ: 6f.&~8B~';t he/she,

clt, 5 ~ 5 i:A•{~::gf'ii'JiJ1f.&~@ae•9©!:J:l=]l.,, 6hGb~t""c'©Go

(23) a. I said <I can't swim>.

b. You said <you can't swim>.

c. {John/Mary} said <{he/she} can't swim>.

=©m~~-;tB*M© (21) c~-;t*~i:y;t~~""c'©IJ. ~•~=:t:n,tf.&~sae -9■©m2tte~91b©""c'©GoJ*IJ, ~-k~&~@ae•9~~©= c~tiJ1tJ:v,t-=~~=. ~~f.&~•miJ1~©1bO);o,, J*IJ. -A•O)lE)O);o,. = A•O)~O)~.~A.©1bO)~k~IJ.~~8BO)Ie~~cGkA•R::g~ iJ1f.&~@ae•90)!:EJfl~hG, clt,5 =c!:tJ:Go

f.&~@ac~~@c.!:~9G=0)~5tJ:8~-0)~l,,,~';t. ~O)**· B*M c~M©~{;fi:~tJ:tt~©~v,e.&~9G 1b©cJ~lbhGo B*M!:~-;tf,&~@a e•9~~0) = c ~t~'J:© G 0) !:. ~~ @ae•9~~0) = c ~j:iJ!tJ: l,,, cl,,, 5 =

c~';t. ~9 G i:. B*M~-;t**~':f.&~•mff~ c~Mt:~vtJVJt.:: i§ffi""c'© G ct,\ 5 = c t:tJ:Go 6 J* 1J. B*M~-;t**~t:Jpfiii-j~tJ:tt:t'!e1bJ i§M t!. c v\ 5 = c""c'© Go G;o, G-:1J""c', i§M~-;t,fiii-jO)t.::~!: 1b.ffl v\ 6ntJ:~tn~t tJ: 6 fJ:t,)O)""c', B *Mc G t~';t. ~,:. f.&~•m;o, 6 ~'J:~ll Gt.::. {iii-j~Jfi 0) =c~te~'M't:~i"i~ii"GI:¥::, tv\G c~.bhGo 9tJ:b~. B*Me~~1

~~GC~hG, -~tJ:@·~~M•~· ·••m (clJb~. T*M). ~ 6k~. ~~~kM9G~M-~e~9-~tJ:-~~tJ:EO)~~-m~. bG ~. B*Mffi**~k#~i"i~tJ:tt~ebJ~6=~.~k~neM::,T~i"i 11e 1bt.::itGt.::~!::(.¥1':f G tlt,G c~x 6hGb~t""c'© Go

-JJ. ~-k~~~@a~•9~~0)=c~~©GO)k. &~@ae•9~

s trn~ (1990) fi, ~~8'9~1?.,¢.i::o~ r;, a :,t,:ia:a:im G=J:O)~Jn:w~ Gt:: rfLJ s-9~ iM~~~t~~-~0~W~:,t,:MO)~~~~~:,t,:8'9~~~R~~~~.

-166-

Page 16: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

~O)::. cJiifit~ 1,,) c 1,,) 5 ::. c tJ:, ~9 G i:, !kffif'j::,$:*~';:0~~l].fi~ c!lf;

•i:~V:::Jv)t::.. ~m--r:;;,,G c 1,,) 5::. ct:t~Go ::,* l'J, ~ffiftffl:;;fs:J;:~1,,)--c~ i¥~~1t*~~::,~ffiticv)5::. c""t:;;,,Go t!.tJ1 G ::.--t~ffi""t:tJ:, 1J\~t~ct:

~ v) --C, ~i¥fi~;o\ t3 f13!llft L, t::..Arrai,C.,J11!0) r-Jiffi ~iaPi--t G 0) t;:, El f±I rrai•~ ~ (;;,, G 1,,) ft#i'il±l~~) cPSJZ~:i::hG*JJ1Jt~Y:ffi::61ffl 1,,) t3 :ht::. l'J 9 Go 1tlf-;tff--r: Jl G i.J1, El f±I rra,.ffi!ir!O)*~ f;t, ffij ~ ,: ~ ;it. ~;f, ffi)IW{~ this/here/now 0) J:: 5 ~ v)b ~ G rn:~~*m~ c~trn=•ffi!i7!0) * * ,: 1,,--c~ ~, f-t::g ~O) Affr- cj/J~ (/) ~tUtf.t-t~rrai•ffi!i~{l::--t G c::. 0 t:cl> Go ~ffiO)J:: 5 ~g§f$ffi""t:::. O))(ff;:;o11,,) ;IJ\ t:*JJ1Jt~ ~ O)""f:cl> G7J)~J:, --t:hl:~9 G )(~™8~Wf~;o!fj1Jb--C~l,,)::. c'/J) t3 ~fft~9 G::. ctJ't""f:~ G (~j;t_~;f, Banfield 1982, Fludernik 1993 t~ c~~fflU o

c;: 0i.J't B :2$:ffi""t:fJ:, El EEFrai•fi5~t~ cc 1,,) 5 lJitU-;t, --t~--t~*JJ1H:r"'i~ c~ G J:: 5 ~ ~ O)""f:fi~ 1,,)0 cl,,\ 5 0) ~, B :2$:ffi~-;t, --t--r,:JLl!«t::..J:: 5 ,:, .7C

*' fk~~tt.*~~::,~ffit~O)""f:, 1C.,J11!iaPl~fi5 ,:~L,--C~, l'if1~¥~ttiJO) 0~*m~ .::t.fflv\~t-tn~:f, --c0)**0)~--r:r-1~~~~~mt±l--t G;: ci.J1--r~ G~G""t:cl>Go ;:0)~~~~9G~llb~, Elf±l~-~~~ffi~9Q8:,$:ffi0)~ c--cO)~~~J:t«--C.7J.J::5o (24) O)=~Ht~?t~r r~B~J '/J)GO)~O)"t:',

rf@fflHt, m~c v\'? :l:.A00)r-J~~~~~#i'il:tl l,--Cv\G$73'"t:'cl>Go

(24) a. f~~~-;t!t,~c v\ 5 ~~~m'? t::..o l:32Ht~-~®YfEt~O)'/J), fMf'&® Ytf 4 0) iJ) o

b. ffl~~J: [~~0)-fln~J < l'J~L,'"(=Ji:Wf/ut.=o E3?;HJ:~J:t.::,L,'"(:ftg O)AO)~IJb~$~M--CG~cO)~~M::,;:c~"t:'~G~~5~o

::. O)=)(~'i, Bill and Sheila Fearnehough ~~ ,: J:: G ~ffi JI& Shiokari Pass ""t:~J::bz O)J:: 5 ,:~~~:h--C~ l'J, w4-1={¥0)$73'-i.J1EI rEFrai•iliS~"t:';;,,Go

(25) a. Nobuo remembered the word 'necessity'. Was his existence a matter of

necessity or a matter of chance?

b. Nobuo read the passage [of the Bible] through again. Did he really have

enough love for somebody else to throw away his life for them.

(24)-(25) "t:' r El 73'J c he (his) ~'i, f~~O)fk~ El c.~~9 c 1,,\ 5 ,~""t:~'ifAJ G tf.tJ1, --cO)~lJii.J1ifH:~~ :hG fJ\ c v\ 5 ,~--r:~'1J.~ Go r El :5J" J ~'1f1~ El c.i: ~V::::,<fk~~mt~O)""E, (24) --r rEl73'J cv\5 ::.c~:f~fflv\--Cv\QO)~-;t, ;: O),J'\~O)ffi tJ ¥"t:'~'1t~ <, fi~--rcl> Go ::, * tJ, (24) --r-rn~~Hr L, --c r El 73'J c~?--Cv\QO)~J:-ia~E1$t""c';;,,G, cv\5 ;:c,:~Go --t:htJ:tL,, ~ffi

-167-

Page 17: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

(J) (25) -C: he (his) cl.,\:j;::c~iii, w~-eiit~< ■ tJ-¥,::~~fl.GlE>(J)-C:35

Go L, 7'.r~ L,, iffi.m-(J)>C c itA~ tJ ;:: ;:: -e~rs:,~ ~~ L, ""Cl.,) G (J) it■ IJ ¥-eitt~ < , w~-c:35 :go -=> * 1J, c25) (J) El mrl'li•~r!(f)ffB.?J'-iiw~EI ~(!)pg~•~~~ ffl L, ""(t.,)~;61 G, .:C-:tU::.=A.•c t.,) 5 ~~lf x ""(t.,) :g (!)ii■ IJ ¥tic t.,\ 5 ;:: c

,::~Go ;::~1Ji, ~■,::iif.&~Elc.(J)fi~;o) GJl ""Cfi~EI ~~~'"t*JJIJ(J);:: c ~i;o1~ t.,\t~~- .:C-;:: ,:: ~~ El c. c L, ""C (J)ffi IJ ¥(J):fJL¢.C;o1fr AL,, ■ IJ ¥;o) G Ji

""Cw~ii.=A.-~(J)-c', he (his) -c'wx(J)f,&~ Elc.i:: ~ :&T G cl.,) 5 J:: 5 i::t~

-:::, ""(l.,) :g :b ~t-c:35 :go F (J) s ~•(!)ml.,) ~i, ie t> ~ Ai, s *•i::fif.&~ El 2~ ~Tufil~(J);:: c~i;o135 G (J),::M L,, ~ffil::fit~ t.,) ct.,) 5;:: c (::~~T Go ~ (::, (24) c:. (25) f:::t:Ht G ll'lff!itl 1::-::> l.,) ""C Ji ""C Jj.J:: 5 o (24a, b) (J)-JiHJJ (J))(

;oii&l*W~(J)fi, .:C-(J)'ffB.?J'-;oiffi tJ ¥(J)ffi IJ (J))t-c:'35 IJ, ;:: (J),J,~-c'~iffi IJ ~ii&! *ll'lfflitl-C:fi:btL""Ct.,\Gi0)G-c:'35Go ;::(J),ra~i~ffi}l&(J) (25) :tf81~-c:'35Go -15, (24) (J)~~$fiffltEW-c' 35 Go ;:: :tHi .:C-(J)$.?J'-;o1fi x (J) pg~~-~ ~w xEI ~(J)f,&~~ffl-C:til:B L, ""Cl.,) G ;o) G -C:35 IJ, L, t~;oi-:::, ""C .:C-(J)ffltEll'lff!itl~i, w

x(J)•~~~~.'gffltE~--M~L,,MIJ¥©ffil'.)(J)~~~G~WIJ~~nk ~©-C:35Go-=>*tJ, B*ffi-c'~&~~fflt:p©!l'lfM~&~Elc.~M~-::>~Gn G c:. I.,\ 5;:: ci::~:go 7 .:C-nl:::S,:t L,, ~ffi}l&© (25) -c'~i, fix©xi■f::~~t

GffltE;oii&l*W-C:~ffl ~ n ""Ct.,\ Go ;:: ;:: f:: ie, A.-~~ii"iJ©~-€;-cfiiJ~I::, ~ ~Elc.c:.l,""C(J)ffilJ¥~J::G:1rAffi35Go-=>*IJ~M-c'~, A.-~~~ffi.:C-5 -c:'35 G J:: 5 f::, ll'lff!itl~~~ Elc.l::lr,i!i~-::>~t""C~if~hGf;fs:* l::t~-:::, ""Ct.,) G c~ ;t Gfl.Go (25) (J) El mrl'li•~~t:p©!l'lfilitl~i, ~~f:: ~ ;t~;f, ri&!*l::s~tGf~ x©ffltEJ ~~L,""(t.,)Go ri&!*l::~~tGfix(J)ffltEJ ~-;t, f.&~Elc© (i&!* ©) fix;o) GJin~tffltEc t., ""Ctffx GnG;o1, ~~Elc©■ 1J =f;o) GJin~ti&! *cL,""CtffxGn:go L,kffi-:::,""C~M-c'~,wx©xi■~~~GffltE~i&!*W

-C:~ffl~flG;:: cl::t~Go (24)-(25) l::~--t :g~~;o) G-~~I:: ~ ;t G ©~i, 8 *m-eii, f.&~ Elc.(J) --~j:, .:C-(J)jt~plg-c' El c.%ir,i!i~(::ffiG = c;oi-c'~ G Cl.,) 5 = c-c:' 35 GO =n

~-;t, ;::(J)flfj(J)~Jm-c:'Jitdftl (13) ©~-€i-cf8'Jl;-c'35Go ;::(J);::c~-;t, ~TGI::, 8 *ffi;oif.&~EI ct:p 1C,,(J) ~ ffi-C:35 G ct.,) 5;:: c ~5RT~©-r35 Go .:C-nl:::S,:t L,,

~•(/) El mrl'li•!§r!fi, A.•1-it~ii"/J c!l'lfttl©,~1::si.,)""(, m 1J ¥©:1rtEt~ < L,

7 ;: ;: 't'fi, B :2fs:iat:Jfil:t~/ff!J c: :m.tt~lff!J ( il5 ~ v• fi*Jfil:t~/ff!J) ~i'8il6 ~ l'L~l::l'L

-:J--Cv•~iO~, v•bl9)~ f:$7J %c: fJvJ %0J~~l:::::>v•--C~i*i~tJ:t@}t:;fj;o!il5~. -t O)~ G v•~i,jtt, Hasegawa (1999b) ~~]ffl.

-168-

Page 18: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

-691-

1J11'+ 9 q:~ '::J~ -~,11'+ 91'J;t:1'Lt:.f.11'+"¥'~~ Eli¥J... '.J Q1::J@ift:1Y:slz:: B ':f-1 'Lt:-:2 ° ~ ,12.. c.y~~M <;; ,1 =? ,1ffriQ'.~:J'. ij ::J$~i:f.1Y:slz:: B co J... '1 =? Y® ':f-1 (EtI :o~61) J~n~q:,s!~'1 ° ~ ':42 J... 9 ,Q'. ~ ~ :'.J-:2 ¾i/. 1 "~ ij J ~ ':42 J...$~CO~:j'.CO J...

'1 =? 1W ';t:1f1'ffif ~ Eli¥ '91'.tJ+-1'+ 0

,11'.,LJ... '1 ~:f.1J...CO ~ ~ 4~:J'.~ n~¥CO~:J'. 2 ij ':f.f~~#)7}'ffi~COflli¥1'+ <;; :f C0-:2 '1 ,Q'. '1 ° ~ ~J...iQ'.=? -:2 ~ "¥' &t=:=?flli¥CO"ti

-~J...C=?~2ij~:t}ij~-'J...CO~'Lt:~~ffl]...C:f~~->~Q-~'2ij~ Eli¥ '::J St.?

0

~1'.,GJ =? :2 <;; ,11'.' ~ ':4?J...Eli¥ <;; =? *ilt'.'2 ij '> 1'./:f.1J...CO ~ CO¾ 2ij '~CO~Q~J...'.;1$~21'./~ECO~~~~~~ 'Q*c

0

~~J...~=?-:24 ]TI"¥~=? 1~#}i}'ffi¥t.COEli¥J ':f-1 =?~#}i}'ffi¥!;C02 ij ~ .f.t~::JY:slz:: B (; ,1J... 1(;:f=±-~W '=?~4<;;¾ s

0~~J...1Q'.=?-:241'+1f=?Eff¥~.f.Hf-fl-~J...:JQ1::JOO

m::12ij~1tco¾ 'r-H&*coa1'.t r~¥J rry,?:.?}~J r'l~QJ r>iu 4~ '1 ~i~2 ij ~0 'a ':4?J... 2 ij co rttJ '11q,1 ':f.12 ij ~"7:k4*it1 r ~ij J

0~

1'.t::1:;:,-:2 ~'Lt:.??.L,11f1Q:'.2ij co~±~-~'Lt:.?*J...;t:1=?-:2 c;; ,1 =? r "~ijJ ':f-1 ::1-:2 ¾ ';t:1'Lt:1f ~1(~-1 C01&*~1:k~ 4Q1.p~::J~:j'.1'j~f¥l

O ~ ,12.. 'Lt: .?,:::2 Wf1f

:f.1W1&COJ...1(~-11&*f;e"7,k,11'+'1 =? f;e El ~-s 'Q ':4?J... ''J1

r:l:J1Q:'.CO ~ ~ .f.1~::M( ~-1C01&*~0~Q~~~UmifSCOfi! -~c;;:r~1fJ...8E·'~W1&fi! ~ 4=?W-f-'~co~&t=:1Q:'.1r;:f=:1-~•

0

~ ~J....f.1q~ ,12.. C1'.t=r>Wfmcoc-~ +ti:::m CIJ~U:"¥' * <;; ,1 =? '2ij !t~+'~~t: <;; ,1J...1( ;:f=:t-~-'iQ:'.=? -:2 C0-:2 ']... '1 ¾

0

~1'.,L >4~Q*=?CO~!/~~fuJ...~#~~W~2ij '=?~~~J...':42~■:slz::B~'Lt:¾

'Q':4?J...W$COQr:l:J2ij~0~W$co~~~~y~~~~-~ga!t■-~

<z:--:2 ;> 0

,11'./~ ~ :f.1;t:1=? :2 co i:tlm4*~ '2 ij 8.10 ':t:1■:slz:: B J...U:-''1 ,Q! '1 0~<:42J...CO~~J...~=?:24*J...1~ijJ~'2ijf;e~CO¾~J...C':4?J...·~~'1

~~J...fi:sjz::8 '~<;;:f~-fl-*J...I~'2ij~0CO¾~J...C':4?J...·~~'1~~J...fi •

0

~ ':4?1Q:'.,1Wf c;; ,1 =? 4*~ 2 ij 8.11:k:t:1 r ~ ij J co■:sJz:: B 'a ':42 J...;t:1=?:24* ~2ij~0:f.1 I CO-~ ''1?/-~

0

~~J...~}m:<;;,1=? '"~ijJ +.1'Lt:¾ '91'+~~ ~~fi:slz::8~'2ijC0~±~-1'./(;:f~~~~ICO.~'~<;;:f~'.J~J...8W

~-COJ...'1=? r■¥J 1'.'YIWCO rttJ ·g

. 0~ ':4?J... St ,Q'.?,[*$;!'1 ::J''J'qJ~

2 ij ~0 '> 1'J:{:1J... *$~'1 ::J,'Jrt:!:J ~'2 ij ~"7,kiQ'.fi.:{:1'Lt:-:2 °,1 l'+iJ'l J.I49']...

Page 19: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

El c. ~jtffill9 -Q f~ftil~1si < tJ. G ~).; -eiifJ. J.,\~) c: :Jt~~ tl.G o ;::;::-efl§ L,f~J.,\O)ii, fftl.::t~t (26) K::J3~tGct:H:, :2fs:*f.l,.l'.1~E1c.~~9

rEIJJ"J ~1~1¥.J~:gf.O) v~Jv-e.ffl i.,\ .;n, --c-O)M*, ~1¥.JEI c.~ffi' G~--t;:: c: t: tJ. Q ~.g--e a!) Q 0

(26) El 5J'-ii, --c-0);:: c: I:.-:> J.,\ -niM~~ tJ *it lvo

;:: O)Jtit, T~~O) r*--t J ;o1.ffl i.,,.; n --ci.,, Q;:: c:;oH;, oo ~=J=.0)1=f:f£~wim c:9-Q~l¥.}~:gf.""c'c1!>Go (26) O)ct5I:. rEl5J'-J ~~1¥.Jt:Jflv\Gc:, -~~!R*

I

tJ.-C~-::>~*c:~o ;::ti,~, §?""C~tt~&l¥.JE1c.O)rE1~J~{iiJ~~n ~ * c:bi"{;:f!O) * *~ L,ffl=Jc.O)ffifiH:. ~ 13 ~ttf:\ ~ n ""Cv\ G ~).; ""ea!> Go -::> * tJ, ~ifil0)~~-e~1¥.JE1c.~ffi'L,--C rEI5J'-J ~Jflv\Gc:, --c-ttii"!S~5~f!O) * *Awi{;:tf:\ -Q 0) c: IWJ C < A~c:!UJtlG b ~t-ec:t> Go (26) 0) ct 5 tJ.~Hi, ~<0)8:ifs:Al:.c:?""C, f?iJ.::t~t, ]![~""c'J:'§'c:~~l,""Cv\Q]![A~, ~~$ • ~tlB:ltJ. c""c'9c¥c:~~ L, ""Cl.,) G1i!~O):@-f1$~tJ. c ~~-~it G ~ O)""c' a!> Go ;:_ O)ct 5 tJ.:M:~tJ.~N-eit, J:'§'~9cfiU;:~f L, ""C,~IDi,U,,~~ < '"t ;:_ c:;o1~~~ tt--C:J3tJ, Gk~?""C, •MO)wimc:G""C. J:'§'·~-k~E1~0)9~""C~~ ~~~i"i:. ~.; ~ttf:I G, 5 ~~ tJ O)tJ. v);:: c: ~~~ tJ.~tnittJ..; tJ. v\ c: v) 5 ;:: c:~-~~tL-Qo~~.;;::--c-~~0)~5tJ.rElfu ~;:_0)~5tJ.~Nc:M~ -::>~~'"t<tJ.-Qc:~.::ti;ttGo 9 --c-tlkML,, 8~1¥.JtJ.~~""c'~, m•G-e~ tJ.<.T•~0)~~~•1vc.;nGk~, Awi""c'~f!O)El~~~.;~tf:\l,""(~ v) ~ttJ. v) c: J.,) 5 ;:: c:;o1.MO)wimc:tJ.G o --c-ttii"!S ~ 5 c, Awi""c'ii l,;o) Q ~ ~~»1¾~$1'{:.-::>~ttJ.~tn~t~tU:.tJ.G c: J.,\ 5 0) c:l'b'J~""c'c:t> Go ~T G {;:, (26)

O)ct5tJ.rEl~JO)~i¥.JtJ.Jfl~~- ~Gffi¥kMG--cm•0~~--r*mtJ..ffl~ -ec:t>tJ, --c-n~,&1¥.JE1c.O)rE1fu~~-::>~JO)M.Ac:G--cO)tt.~~--c-O)

9 1996 ~ s Fl 14 BftO)fJJEJffilitl rxJ!ei'A!ei-J '1.'fi, ;:O)J::.'5~ rgi:5J'-J n'>~teO)J.f ·--~~~-0)~'1.'~J::.<~bh~-~k~~;:c~MMG,-t©'5;t'"{',;:O)rgJ :5J'-J fj:~ C ~ c•~L':$-ffl~ht.:: ~O)t;:h) G~t=~~ Ct,. '5' ~-O)~~n'>~r{Gn 'tv•~0 -tht::MG't, -thfiIEi&L'fif~t,•cv•'5~iff;o'> 60 ~f~~;o)G 80 ~l:n)~t t©~t1:~•n)G~r:pGt.::, cv•'5;:cntiPJ~s Fl 19 EJf"10) rxJl'fA!ei-J L'f!H~r~ h'tv•~0 ~iff©r,'qWfi, •~1:'0)~~l:J::.-:J 't!\IPJ ~~~J::. '5 t.:n'>, ~T~ I:, rgi :5J'-J fi~*a-g I: fi~-©J'IHei-'1.', #iJ•L'liffi v• G h~h) -:J t.:: c 0);: c '1.' ~ ~0 l,;o) L,

--Ji-e, ~-0)~~~~1:-l.3£~ BtJ v•t.::;: cns~t,. ct,, '5~~ ~ ~ ".J t.::-t :s -e~ ~0 ;:nG©xJl'f AmO)!c:J:~~Lj:-t~ c, (26) O)J::. '5 t~ rEl:5J'"J O)ffl$n'>.~c~O::J < O)fj:, -thnt~1iu:.~1:fflt,, Gh'tv•t.::h) G ct,, '5 J::. I.'.) ti, -~1:MV-Cbhb nnt-~1:m < -1 :J-.-1/nt, *:sc-cMM-t ~ rEl?tJ 0) ~ :J~~,g-t,, c,g-s&-r ~n) G t.:, ct,, '5 Ii '5 nt:J'.O)~ffl ~~;t tv• ~ J::. '5 l:,~,bh~0

-170-

Page 20: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

* * 1W-M'=9 .'5 ;:: c t: J:: -:i ""C I/JtJ.\t'':5'~t G tr-r v) .'5 't> 0) c i§ x .'5 o ~ G t:i1;i:9J'{~vi, '/,K.O) (27) t:vi (26) O)J:: ':5 tJ:A~~ vi~< ~i; G tl

tJ: v \ c v \ 5 ,¢.t "'c' &; .'5 o

(27) El 5.Hi, ..'f 0) ;:: c t: -:J v) ""C vi {i5ft> ~ G tJ: v) o

(26) cO)Jlv)vi, ;::O)>C"'c'viT~-{;$:0) r*9J i,/!Jflv\Gtl--cv)tJ:v)cv)':5;:: c"'c'35.'5o ..'f':59.'Q c, (27) l:vi~~=J=*fPJO).ffli,/!13"*tltJ:v)O)"'c', :SC~ {;$:i,/!f/41¥.J•m "'c' 35 tJ, &; .'5f/41¥.J El c.O) pg1¥.JtJ::m:~t::Wit1::1 L- --cv) .'5 't) 0) c?RlR ~

tl.'5o r137J'-J i,/! (27) "'c'El~t:~t:Gtl.'QO)vi, *~l:, ;::O)J:=1!1±n:J::.'5o

9 ~,u,.. • ll'l=liillll

7,$:ffl"'c'v-a:, B 7,$:ffil:&:~ ~ .tl.'5 B 7,$:AO) El e,O)ffi~;o!, •BIJ=f:7 )v"'c'vi 5 J:: 5 I:, '77 c vi 5 •sH:p:ij{t;g .'5, t§~l¥.Ji,)i-:Jmfl/Jl¥.JtJ: 't> O)fJ:0)1,)i c vi 5 ,¢.ti:

-:Jv)'"C~•L,t~o ~;o•l:, tlta~fijjf-;ffi, ti§tl/JiiiiJ, ~ffi~O) §ffiffl8t::Jltlv;;f, B 7;$:ffi I:~ v) '"C '7 T · 'J 1-- c vi ':5 Y:t :vJ-a: L, il• .'5 J'{ ~ii~ t:: 't> -:J a L, il• L, , ti iJ•

G C vi-:, l' B 7,$:AO) El Bvi'7Tli:p:ij{t; L,, ~Nl:Jit t:--r-m-i:~{t;g QC vi#t

L, '"C § x.tJ: v\ c vi ':5 ;:: ct::~ G :6• I: L,f~o *1\ B 7,$:ffil:~~t .'5iC.,J:=1!~ffiO)m at::~•9 Q::. c"'c', '7Tli:p:ij{t; L,tJ: v)M§Y:tl¥.JtJ: El e,O):(:H:Et::jf-; L,, ~ G l:, :t.ncO)OO~"'c', E1BY:tftl!~O)l~'JJ1J;ot17:fJt'J J--O)ig:z,JJ:: tJ "t>i\H'zJ::v:-:J::. c t::~Gt~o

'7Tli: p:ij{t; L, tJ: viffi:ttl¥.JtJ: El BC v-a:, ;:: C vtt::Jfl vi Q § ffi::t#: CL,'"[ 0) El B "'c' &; I'.) , ..'f tlv-a: iW-~1¥.JtJ:ffi~"'c' &; .'5. L, il• L,, ;:: O)tj-~1¥.Jffi~ c L, '"C 0) El BI: v-a:, 01¥.J El B cf.ll¥.J El BC vi'? =@tt:61&; I'.)' B 7;$:ffil:~~t Q El e,O)ffl~t::~

. .

X. QC~ I: vi..'f O) 12s:5JIJi,)!ffi67J ---C!i~"'c' &; QC vi'? ;:: C 't>Jlt~. ..'f L, L' ~ffiO)

J:: '? fJ:g§"~ffiiJ101¥.J El e,i:piC,,0){$:* "'c' &; Q 0) l:y;t L,' B 7;$:ffivi7;$:K1¥.Jl:vif.ll¥.J El e,i:j:liC,,0){$:* "'c'&; .'5 c v) 5 ::. ct::~ t:k •• EtFE:7 )v"'c'vi, tb~1¥.JtJ:Y:t A~ ~:ot:o•il•b.'501¥.l•m v-"'JvO) § ffiffl~ L-:o•~•O)y;t~ c L----CvitJ: vi. *m"'c'

~-01¥.J*fflO)ffa~&;tJ, pg1¥.JtJ::m:~~~.fit9.'Q&1¥.J•mv~~O)ffl8t::Jl n~!, :t::.i: r13,J'-J cvi':5 ::.cvt"'c'•~.n.'5-fl:'.1'~0)§c;o1Jt.vifi~nQ ;:: ct::~ G ;o• I: L, t~.

7;$:ffi"'c'~ t: t~ J:: ':5 I:, iC,,J:=1!~ffi ~ J:: ~f.l 1¥.J El B I: 00 '"t .'5 § ffiffl~ vi B 7;$:ffi 0)

7,$:K~~~b.'59lMl¥.JtJ:ffl8"'c'cl5.'5o L,~L,..'fO)~-~G~, B7,$:A~•ffi::t ~1¥.J"'c' 35 .'5 c:9 .'5 Jt.::o t::~M:9 .'5 ~~v-a:~ < t~ i; ntJ: vi. :tnc::.,:, ;oi, -c-::.

-171-

Page 21: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

1J\ G f-J.'/J\ 'dJ:iJ! G 8 2fs:A~i:i~Bl±.~ c i:iIE&~"c', ,frn~(1) A IJ )6~t~ v'.i 11-11¥.J

~~BX■~a~<-~~■Al¥.J~#~"c'~Go

R*~ (1999) r r 8 ::$:>(,f~~J O)~~-,i~ 8 ::$:0))(,f~ c: 7-1 'r ✓T-1 T-1 - .n ~ 0

>(.fit[

m*ttz (1973) rs :;ts:.A.0)1-rib~:rt-{fil~c:~aiO)~J][.n ff#~?i:~~mr~ Bachnik, J.M. (1994) '"Introduction: uchilsoto: Challenging our conceptualizations of self,

social order, and language". In Bachnik and Quinn (1994), 3-37.

Bachnik, J.M. and C. J. Quinn, Jr. (eds.) (1994) Situated meaning: Inside and outside in

Japanese self, society, and language. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Banfield, A. (1982) Unspeakable sentences: Narration and representation in the language of

fiction. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Benedict, R. (1946) The Chrysanthemum and the sword: Patterns of Japanese culture. Boston:

Houghton Mifflin. (~~Jilf.t}~ffR r§jij c:JJ-8 ;:$:>(,(~O)~,n ~~>(.fit[)

X..7, J\)v~ (1987) r-1"f:to:¥-c:l/C0)8::$:>C1~~.Il J/!H'JlO)f4$

±.lls-1lU~ c1971) rr-1:txJ O)m~.n 5.&>C~

Fludemik, M. 1993. The fictions of language and the languages of fiction: The linguistic

representation of speech and consciousness. London: Routledge.

Hasegawa, Y. (1998) "Linguistic systems and social models: A case study from Japanese".

Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 117-128.

Hasegawa, Y. (1999a) "Japanese society and its language". Ms., University of California,

Berkeley.

Hasegawa, Y. (1999b) "Tense-aspect controversy revisited: The -ta and -ru forms in

Japanese". In J. Verschueren (ed.) Selected papers from the 6th International Pragmatics

Conference, 225-240. Antwerp: International Pragmatics Association.

Hirose, Y. ( 1995) "Direct and indirect speech as quotations of public and private expression".

Lingua 95, 223-238.

Jj:1'1$1:: (1997) f A~*"t:: c:~ic:tl~Ht.-J ~~~ (fi) rm~c:l'!Utc:~~j] 1-89 JiJf

,t?J:1±1/lJi Hirose, Y. (1999) "Public and private self as two aspects of the speaker: A contrastive study of

Japanese and English". To appear in Journal of Pragmatics 32.

-172-

Page 22: ~iJJl*~*l§hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa 2-3 2000 日本語... · 2019-08-27 · ~ iJt * ~ -ff~ffi~~©ffi~~MW~oVx~~ iJf Jf ffl ~ ~ Report of the Special Research Project for

#J:5t:!.i(t (1999) ri{taO)rfilmiJ!lfre-JJl.~i{~O)I/J~J ri§taJJ 28:11, 74-83.

t$ ~ HB!i(t ( 1990) r fi\<ffl 0) 1J b 5tH) lll[[fiu- i3 !aO) ~~139 jt#r Jl :k {~ig. Ji5

*ti"~ (1972) f.A.c.A.c:O)ra,-ffi't$ml11[$1398*[fiu./] 5b.::X:~

fffiit=fz. (1990) rs*.A.O)~JJl.nci!tt-ffiL-t,~ rfLJ O)~~JJ r:p0ffi•

?\!f s ~ (1978) r~~O)::X:~JJ :k{~!§•g Lebra, T. S. (1992) "Self in Japanese culture". In Rosenberger (1992), 105-120.

ttff,r;x;- (1996) f?'rc~ r-O)§~t:t::X:1'~$-::X:t:Mi:::X:1'~"c'-lm-Q./l 7Jt,,7

mtt (1994) rs*.A.~-~ffl';oH;~s ~"c'JJ ;a-~•Ji!f

r:pffl=ftt(l%~f~7~~0).A.~~~---~~O)lll[[fiuJl~~~JJl.~ffi· r:p~~ (1994) r~m~~~O)l]{lll[JJ :k{~tg•Ji!f Reischauer, E. 0. (1950) The United States and Japan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University

Press.

Rosenberger, N. R. (ed.) (1992) Japanese sense of self. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

Shibatani, M. (1990) The languages of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

~*.Si::1c • □ .:::<. • -z.:t7 (1995) r B*.A.[fiu0)1Jfi~JJ -s < ~$~)tr!

~*~~ (1973) r~c~tc::x:1~JJ ;a-~ffi• Wetzel, P. J. (1994) "A movable self: The linguistic indexing of uchi and soto". In Bachnik and

Quinn (1994), 73-87.

Yoshino, K. ( 1992) Cultural nationalism in contemporary Japan. London: Routledge.

'EffffltfF (1997) r::x:1!:::t-1/ a :t- 1J ;( L 0)~~$-JJl.~ B *O) 7-1 :r ✓7-1' 7-1' O)fr

jJJ] i;t!JJM:k$tl:l/llx~

-173-