ikhthus, fish“ logos, study ichthyology · i. diversity & phylogeny ii. anatomy iii....
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I. Diversity & PhylogenyII. AnatomyIII. MorphologyIV. PhysiologyV. Ecology VI. FisheriesVII. Research & Management
I. Diversity of Fishes
Marine Depot Blog
Our Breathing Planet
Wikipedia
MacsDiscus National Geographic Kids
TNAqua
Shoreliner11/Photobucket Wikipedia
National Aquarium
Saltwater, 60%
Freshwater, 40%
Fish species Global water Freshwater Surface water [& other]
But…
I. Diversity & Distribution
I. Evolution in Centrarchids
Repetitive bursts of speciation, different mechanisms appear to have driven diversification.
(1) Novel trophic strategy in Micropterus
(2) Sexual selection in Lepomis
Smith, A. J., Nelson-Maney, N., Parsons, K. J., James Cooper, W., & Craig Albertson, R. (2015). Body Shape Evolution in Sunfishes: Divergent Paths to Accelerated Rates of Speciation in the Centrarchidae. Evolutionary Biology, 42(3), 283–295.
III. Morphology
• Form & structure
• Morphometric• Continuous variables
• Meristic• Discrete/discontinuous variables
• Descriptive• Shape, color, etc.
Fruciano.it, Fowler, 1948
III. Morphology – Descriptive
Yellow perch
Walleye
Dark bars
Dark saddlesLower tip of caudal fin white
IV. Physiology - Body Shapes
Cruising Stalking Surface-feeding
Complex habitat
Eel-like Benthic/bottom-dwelling
IV. Physiology – Mouths
• Mouth structure reflects diet or foraging strategy
© 1995-2017 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida
Terminal
Inferior Protrusible
Superior
V. Ecology
• Typical aquatic food web: phytoplankton – zooplankton – fish (planktivores) – fish (piscivores)
• Herbivory, omnivory, planktivory, piscivory, benthivory
V. Ecology – Invasive Species
• Many introduced purposefully (pacific salmon in Lake Ontario)
USGS, NYSDEC
Lake Ontario Lake Superior
VI. Fisheries
• Recreational• Subsistence• Commercial
• Overfishing• Pollution• Species introductions
$270 billionGlobally
VII. Research & Management
• Movement (spawning migrations, feeding, dispersal)
• Communities (population size, species presence, invasive detection)
• Fisheries management (stocking, regulations)