ilias 2nd annual meeting. prague. february 2005 jra1 web page 1 reminder of goals reminder of goals...

11ILIAS 2nd Annual meeting. Prague. February 2005 ILIAS 2nd Annual meeting. Prague. February 2005 JRA1 web page JRA1 web page http://www.unizar.es/iliashttp://www.unizar.es/ilias

• Reminder of goalsReminder of goals

• Present statusPresent status

• Work in progressWork in progress

JRA1. LBT-DUSLJRA1. LBT-DUSLLow background techniques for deep Low background techniques for deep underground sciencesunderground sciences


Key objectivesKey objectives- To identify and measure experimental background components

- To design methods and techniques to suppress them

Working packagesWorking packagesWP1 – Measurement of backgrounds in the EU underground labs

WP2 – Development of a library of background simulation codes

WP3 – R&D for UL background techniques and facilities in the labs

WP4 – R&D on radio-purity of materials and purification techniques

Links to:Links to: N3 (DMD), N4 (DBD), JRA2 (IDEA)


Management structure of JRA1Management structure of JRA1

Activity coordinatorsActivity coordinators Julio Morales/José M. Carmona (LSC)Julio Morales/José M. Carmona (LSC)Deputy coordinatorDeputy coordinator Nicola Ferrari (LNGS)Nicola Ferrari (LNGS)

WP1. Background measurements in the deep underground sites:WP1. Background measurements in the deep underground sites:CoordinatorCoordinator Nicola Ferrari (LNGS)Nicola Ferrari (LNGS)Deputy coordinatorsDeputy coordinators Marisa Sarsa/Gloria Luzón (LSC)Marisa Sarsa/Gloria Luzón (LSC)

WP2. Background simulations:WP2. Background simulations:CoordinatorCoordinator Gloria Luzón/Susana Cebrián (LSC)Gloria Luzón/Susana Cebrián (LSC)Deputy coordinatorDeputy coordinator Vitaly Kudriavtsev (IUS)Vitaly Kudriavtsev (IUS)

WP3. Low background facilities:WP3. Low background facilities: CoordinatorCoordinator Matthias Laubenstein (LNGS)Matthias Laubenstein (LNGS)Deputy coordinatorDeputy coordinator Jean Louis Reyss (LSM)Jean Louis Reyss (LSM)

WP4 . Radiopurity of the materials:WP4 . Radiopurity of the materials:Coordinator:Coordinator: Pia Loaiza (LSM)Pia Loaiza (LSM)Deputy coordinator:Deputy coordinator: Lino Miramonti (LNGS)Lino Miramonti (LNGS)


ParticipantsParticipantsWP LNGS LSM LSC Boulby

WP1- Background measurements and monitoring in the deep underground sites

N. FerrariA. IanniC. BrogginiC. CattadoriW. PlastinoC. VignoliG.L. RaselliA. Cesana J. KisielL. Miramonti

G. GerbierD. Lalanne

G. Luzón J. MoralesM.L. SarsaS. Cebrián

V. KudryavtsevJ. McMillanJ. LewinB. CamanziE. Tziaferi

WP2- Background simulations

L. PandolaR. SantorelliL. GrandiN. Ferrari

P. Loaiza G. GerbierM. De JesusF. Piquemal

S. CebriánG. Luzon J.M. Carmona

V. KudryavtsevJ. DaviesB. CamanziC. Bungau

WP3- Low background facilities

M. LaubensteinN. FerrariC. TomeiM. BalataS. Shoenert H. SimgenW. Plastino

J.L. ReyssPh. HubertD. Lalanne

J. MoralesJ.A. VillarJ. AmareM.L. SarsaJ.M. Carmona

S. PalingR. LuscherN. SmithC. BungauJ. McMillan

WP4- Radiopurity of the materials

A. IanniB. CaccianigaM. Laubenstein C. TomeiJ. Kisiel

P. LoaizaC. GoldbachP. HubertR GurriaranC. Marquet

J. PuimedónM.L. SarsaJ.M. Carmona

S. PalingJ. McMillanJ. LewinB. Camanzi


MeetingsMeetings

1st General Meeting: September 10, 2004 (Edinburgh)1st General Meeting: September 10, 2004 (Edinburgh)

Set-up of Set-up of Working GroupsWorking Groups Presentation of JRA1 main Presentation of JRA1 main web pageweb page Special sessionSpecial session on WP2: Monte Carlo simulation codes on WP2: Monte Carlo simulation codes

2nd General Meeting: January 12, 2005 (Modane)2nd General Meeting: January 12, 2005 (Modane)

Presentation of the Presentation of the mid-termmid-term reportreport Coordinators: Coordinators: status of activitiesstatus of activities and future projects and future projects


JRA1 main web pageJRA1 main web page

It contains:It contains:

A description of the JRA1 activity and general documentsA description of the JRA1 activity and general documents News and deadlinesNews and deadlines JRA1 list of participantsJRA1 list of participants Information on next and previous meetingsInformation on next and previous meetings Links to other ILIAS activities closely related to JRA1Links to other ILIAS activities closely related to JRA1 Working group pagesWorking group pages:: participants, documents, databases, participants, documents, databases,

reference papers, activities… reference papers, activities… (under construction)(under construction)

http://www.unizar.es/iliashttp://www.unizar.es/ilias


SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIESSUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES


WP1 key objective:WP1 key objective:

To measure the environmental background components in the four underground sites in a coherent and coordinated way.

The background components in the deep underground sites

1. Environmental gamma rays

2. Radioactivity of rock, concrete, etc.

3. Neutrons

4. Rn monitoring in the air and in the water

5. Muons


WP1 – Environmental gamma ray backgroundWP1 – Environmental gamma ray background

LNGS:LNGS: measured with NaI, Ge, and BGO detectorsmeasured with NaI, Ge, and BGO detectors

LSM:LSM: measured with a portable Ge detectormeasured with a portable Ge detector

Boulby: Boulby: planning ofplanning of Ge gamma survey with a TARI projectGe gamma survey with a TARI project

LSC: LSC: measured in old lab;measured in old lab; plans (HPGe, NaI) for new labplans (HPGe, NaI) for new lab

Gamma from nat. radioactivity

n captures (?)

Energy (keV)

Rat

e (c

ps/k

eV)


WP1 – Environmental gamma ray backgroundWP1 – Environmental gamma ray background

Next steps: Next steps:

- Coordination for Coordination for new background measurementsnew background measurements in the labs will be in the labs will be discussed in the next JRA1 General Meeting (June 2005)discussed in the next JRA1 General Meeting (June 2005)

- Data interpretation:Data interpretation: perform MC simulationsperform MC simulations

use data from different detectorsuse data from different detectors

This will allow us to:This will allow us to:

• Extract absolute emitted gamma ray Extract absolute emitted gamma ray fluxesfluxes

• Check the validity of the MC Check the validity of the MC codescodes

• Check the Check the compatibilitycompatibility of the radioactivity of rock and of the radioactivity of rock and concrete with the observed backgroundconcrete with the observed background


WP1 – WP1 – Radiopurity of rock & concrete in the labsRadiopurity of rock & concrete in the labs

Existing information collected:Existing information collected:

- Data of U, Th and K contaminations in rock and concrete collected Data of U, Th and K contaminations in rock and concrete collected from the labsfrom the labs

- This information will be offered at WP1 web page, linked from This information will be offered at WP1 web page, linked from JRA1 main web pageJRA1 main web page

New project at LNGS (starting next spring):New project at LNGS (starting next spring):

Study of the radioactivity in the rock of the Study of the radioactivity in the rock of the Gran Sasso massiveGran Sasso massive

Collab. with Collab. with geophysicistsgeophysicists, partially supported by ILIAS, partially supported by ILIAS


WP1 – WP1 – Neutron monitoringNeutron monitoring


LNGS:LNGS: 0.8 100.8 10-6-6 n cm n cm-2-2 s s-1-1

LSM:LSM: 1.6 101.6 10-6-6 n cm n cm-2-2 s s-1-1

LSC:LSC: 3.8 103.8 10-6-6 n cm n cm-2-2 s s-1-1 (inferred from IGEX experiment) (inferred from IGEX experiment)

Boulby: Boulby: 1.3 101.3 10-6-6 n cm n cm-2-2 s s-1-1 (indirect measurement; new measurement (indirect measurement; new measurement under way) under way)

However:However:

-Different measurements differ in the shape of the fast neutron Different measurements differ in the shape of the fast neutron spectrum (LNGS)spectrum (LNGS)

- Original number in LSM had to be revised (corrections to MC)Original number in LSM had to be revised (corrections to MC)

NEW MEASUREMENTS ARE IMPORTANTNEW MEASUREMENTS ARE IMPORTANT


WP1 – WP1 – Neutron monitoringNeutron monitoring

- Two liquid scintillator cells at Two liquid scintillator cells at LNGS LNGS will be installed nextlywill be installed nextly

- 3He liquid scintillator detector used in the past at Baksan and 3He liquid scintillator detector used in the past at Baksan and Finland (offer from INR)Finland (offer from INR)

- New measurements at New measurements at LSM LSM and at and at LSCLSC (when new lab is finished) (when new lab is finished) are also being plannedare also being planned

Plans for new measurements:Plans for new measurements:

- Gd loaded scintillator detector started in Nov 04 at Gd loaded scintillator detector started in Nov 04 at BoulbyBoulby


WP1 – WP1 – Radon measurementsRadon measurements

LNGS:LNGS: continuously monitored; 50-150 Bq/m3 in ventilated areascontinuously monitored; 50-150 Bq/m3 in ventilated areas

Boulby: Boulby: ~ 5 Bq/m3; new measurements planned in 2005~ 5 Bq/m3; new measurements planned in 2005

LSM:LSM: new systemnew system of r of radon purification by adsorption in charcoaladon purification by adsorption in charcoal

Vol. clean air : 150 m3/hActivity 222Rn = 15 mBq/m3


WP1 – WP1 – Radon measurementsRadon measurements

LSC:LSC: 30-150 Bq/m3 in old laboratory; under active control & 30-150 Bq/m3 in old laboratory; under active control & monitorization in the new labmonitorization in the new lab

Concentration (Bq/m3)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Preliminary measurements Preliminary measurements at the excavation, without at the excavation, without ventilation: ~ 70 Bq/m3ventilation: ~ 70 Bq/m3


WP1 – WP1 – Muon measurementsMuon measurements


LNGS:LNGS: 1.1 1.1 m m-2-2 h h-1-1 (measured by MACRO, incl. angular distrib.) (measured by MACRO, incl. angular distrib.)

LSM:LSM: 0.17 0.17 m m-2-2 h h-1-1

LSC:LSC: 7.2 7.2 m m-2-2 h h-1-1 (will be also measured in the new lab) (will be also measured in the new lab)

Boulby: Boulby: 1.5 1.5 m m-2-2 h h-1-1 (recently measured by ZEPLIN) (recently measured by ZEPLIN)

MuonMuon


WP2 key objective:WP2 key objective:

To produce a reliable Monte Carlo library of simulation codes for the interpretation of data and for planning future experiments.

N3-BSNSN3-BSNS JRA2(IDEA) JRA2(IDEA) WP3-B1WP3-B1

JRA1-WP2JRA1-WP2

Background Background Simulation, Simulation,

Neutron-ShieldNeutron-Shield and Muon-Vetosand Muon-Vetos

Study on Study on CosmogenicCosmogenic

Induced ActivityInduced Activity


WP2 – ActivitiesWP2 – Activities

Main initial activity: existing codes compared and discussedMain initial activity: existing codes compared and discussed

Gamma background:Gamma background: GEANT4GEANT4

Neutrons:Neutrons: SOURCES (production)SOURCES (production)

FLUKA, MCNP, GEANT4 (propagation)FLUKA, MCNP, GEANT4 (propagation)

Muon-induced neutrons:Muon-induced neutrons: MUSIC, MUSUN, SIAM, FLUKA (prod.)MUSIC, MUSUN, SIAM, FLUKA (prod.)

FLUKA, GEANT4 (propagation)FLUKA, GEANT4 (propagation)

Tasks:Tasks:

- Compare simulation vs experimental dataCompare simulation vs experimental data

- Compare one code vs another codeCompare one code vs another code


WP2 – Neutron productionWP2 – Neutron production

SOURCES:SOURCES:

- Neutron flux and energy spectrum from U/Th contaminationsNeutron flux and energy spectrum from U/Th contaminations

- Problem:Problem: no alphas above 6.5 MeV no alphas above 6.5 MeV → → modifications modifications of the codeof the code

- Major problem:Major problem: neutron neutron energy spectrumenergy spectrum in the laboratory in the laboratory (after propagation) is (after propagation) is softersofter than the one measured than the one measured

Production spectrum from mod. SOURCES

Spectrum propagated with GEANT4

Evaluated spectrum from measurements

(Modane)

Carson et al. Astropart. Phys. 21 (2004) 667


WP2 – Neutron productionWP2 – Neutron production

SOURCES:SOURCES:

- Energy spectra of alphas incident on Al and Mg slabs are Energy spectra of alphas incident on Al and Mg slabs are however in good agreement with experimental datahowever in good agreement with experimental data

5.0 MeV alphas - Al2O3 5.5 MeV alphas - Mg (natural)

Are cross-sections, transition probabilities and other features correct? The Are cross-sections, transition probabilities and other features correct? The code was tested against measured spectra from various sources, but need code was tested against measured spectra from various sources, but need

more accurate measurements in underground labs (including neutron spectra).more accurate measurements in underground labs (including neutron spectra).

Jacobs and Liskien, Annals of Nuclear Energy, 10 (1983) 541


WP2 – Neutron propagation and detectionWP2 – Neutron propagation and detection

MCNP and GEANT4:MCNP and GEANT4:

Substantial differences, probably (partly) due to the difference in Substantial differences, probably (partly) due to the difference in initial neutron spectrainitial neutron spectra and and geometry.geometry.

Wulandari et al. Talk at IDM2004 Carson et al. Astropart. Phys. 21 (2004) 667

MCNP104 suppression with 50 cm PE

GEANT4 > 105 suppression after 50 g/cm2 PE


WP2 – Neutron propagation and detectionWP2 – Neutron propagation and detection

MCNP and GEANT4:MCNP and GEANT4:

Substantial differences, probably (partly) due to the difference in Substantial differences, probably (partly) due to the difference in initial neutron spectrainitial neutron spectra and and geometry.geometry.

Neutron propagation through the shielding Neutron propagation through the shielding with the two codes is needed using the same with the two codes is needed using the same

geometry and the same input neutron geometry and the same input neutron spectrum – spectrum – work in progresswork in progress


WP2 – Muon-induced neutronsWP2 – Muon-induced neutrons

FLUKA and GEANT4:FLUKA and GEANT4:

- Comparison:Comparison: yield, spectrum, lateral distribution, and yield, spectrum, lateral distribution, and dependence with material. dependence with material.

- Both codes Both codes agreeagree within a factor of 2 (or even better). within a factor of 2 (or even better).

GEANT4: Araujo et al., hep-ex/0411026

FLUKA: Kudryavtsev et al. NIMA, 505 (2003) 688

However, there is However, there is systematic higher systematic higher

production with FLUKA production with FLUKA in most materialsin most materials



Comparison of codes with experiments:Comparison of codes with experiments:

- Published neutron fluxPublished neutron flux measurements at Gran Sasso, Modane, measurements at Gran Sasso, Modane, Canfranc, CPL (Korea) and others.Canfranc, CPL (Korea) and others.

- Measurements of Measurements of muon-induced neutronsmuon-induced neutrons at various depths at various depths underground: neutron yields, energy spectra, lateral distributions underground: neutron yields, energy spectra, lateral distributions etc.: LVD, KARMEN, LSD etc.etc.: LVD, KARMEN, LSD etc.

- Measurements of muon-induced neutrons using active vetoes for Measurements of muon-induced neutrons using active vetoes for dark matter detectorsdark matter detectors (existing and planned): Canfranc, Modane, (existing and planned): Canfranc, Modane, Boulby, Gran Sasso.Boulby, Gran Sasso.

- Planned background flux measurementsPlanned background flux measurements at Gran Sasso, Modane, at Gran Sasso, Modane, Canfranc, Boulby as proposed in JRA1 (ILIAS).Canfranc, Boulby as proposed in JRA1 (ILIAS).



First ‘test’ version of the MC libraries:First ‘test’ version of the MC libraries:

- It will be ready in February 2005It will be ready in February 2005

- It will include:It will include:

• General information about codes and links to the code web-siteGeneral information about codes and links to the code web-site

• Modifications to codesModifications to codes

• Library of examples used by underground groupsLibrary of examples used by underground groups

- A A mailing distribution listmailing distribution list has been created to optimize exchange has been created to optimize exchange of ideas of ideas (info: http://webmail.unizar.es/mailman/listinfo/montecarlo)(info: http://webmail.unizar.es/mailman/listinfo/montecarlo)

- An An FTP repositoryFTP repository for codes with access through main JRA1 web for codes with access through main JRA1 web page has been created page has been created (info: [email protected])(info: [email protected])


WP3 key objectives:WP3 key objectives:

• Construction and upgrading of ultra low background facilities (ULBF) in the four underground labs forming an EU-coordinated service for applications in rare event physics and other fields of world-wide value.

• Implementation of new techniques to deal with the background: active and passive shielding, veto systems, particle discrimination techniques, fragmentation of calorimeter detectors, control and suppression of radon levels...

• Study of the feasibility of fabrication of detectors and materials underground.


WP3 – Low background facilities: WP3 – Low background facilities: LNGSLNGS

Strengthening of the ultra low-level background facilities at LNGS:Strengthening of the ultra low-level background facilities at LNGS:

Extension of the Low Level Laboratory at LNGSExtension of the Low Level Laboratory at LNGS New generation of HP-Ge detectors for ultra low-level applicationsNew generation of HP-Ge detectors for ultra low-level applications Set-up of ultra low-level scintillation counter systemsSet-up of ultra low-level scintillation counter systems Ultra low-level gas counting (GNO counting lab)Ultra low-level gas counting (GNO counting lab)

GNO Ultra low-level gas counting Ultra low-level HPGe detector @ LNGS


WP3 – Low background facilities: WP3 – Low background facilities: BoulbyBoulby

New ULBF laboratory at Boulby:New ULBF laboratory at Boulby:

7.68m

0.8m

4.28m

11.96m

6.0m

Small Proj Bay

GE 1

GE 2

GE 3

GE 4

Desk

Sto

rag

e

Desk

Sto

rag

e

Sto

rag

e

EntranceClean-Off

6.0m

Plan for JIF Low BackgroundLab (Stub A)

0.5T swing crane(in place)

AC unit

Plans to develop the existing Plans to develop the existing Ge facilityGe facility in the new ULB laboratory in the new ULB laboratory


WP3 – Low background facilities: WP3 – Low background facilities: LSMLSM

On going-projects:On going-projects:

• Improvement of a low-background Ge detector, IRIS (400 cc)Improvement of a low-background Ge detector, IRIS (400 cc)• A A new planar Ge detectornew planar Ge detector will be acquired will be acquired• The The Rn trapping facilityRn trapping facility was recently installed was recently installed• Construction of a Construction of a Radon precision measuring facility,Radon precision measuring facility, with a with a sensitivity of ~ mBq/m3 (Vol. 70 l)sensitivity of ~ mBq/m3 (Vol. 70 l)


WP3 – Low background facilities: WP3 – Low background facilities: LSCLSC

New laboratory: New laboratory: two new ULB 2 kg Ge detectorstwo new ULB 2 kg Ge detectors (one of them already (one of them already acquired) for material testing will be installed in the new LSCacquired) for material testing will be installed in the new LSC

Old laboratory:Old laboratory: 1 kg Ge prototype 1 kg Ge prototype detector, equipped with an detector, equipped with an overpressure system of gaseous Noverpressure system of gaseous N22 to minimize Rn intrusion to minimize Rn intrusion


WP4 key objectives:WP4 key objectives:

- CollectCollect new (and old) new (and old) datadata on radioactive contamination and on radioactive contamination and cosmogenic activation of materials used in rare-event physics cosmogenic activation of materials used in rare-event physics experiments and ultra-low background instrumentationexperiments and ultra-low background instrumentation

- Development and test of Development and test of purificationpurification techniquestechniques to improve the to improve the radio-purity of materials.radio-purity of materials.


WP4 – ActivitiesWP4 – ActivitiesEllaboration of a database on radiopurity of materials:Ellaboration of a database on radiopurity of materials: • The The databasedatabase is stored in a dedicated server of the Centre de Calcul de is stored in a dedicated server of the Centre de Calcul de Lyon. It is built using MySQL system combined with php scripts which Lyon. It is built using MySQL system combined with php scripts which allow to communicate from the web page to the database. allow to communicate from the web page to the database.

• DataData has been has been collectedcollected from LSC (ANAIS, CAST & ROSEBUD), LSM from LSC (ANAIS, CAST & ROSEBUD), LSM (EDELWEISS), from the UKDM site and from publications.(EDELWEISS), from the UKDM site and from publications.

•At LRT2004, At LRT2004, SNOSNO people proposed to make their people proposed to make their measurements availablemeasurements available to be included in the database.to be included in the database.

Systematic comparison of measurements in the different labs:Systematic comparison of measurements in the different labs:

Cross-checkCross-check with one or more reference samples to compare instrumentation with one or more reference samples to compare instrumentation and possible systematic in the analysis method is under discussionand possible systematic in the analysis method is under discussion

ilias 2nd annual meeting. prague. february 2005 jra1 web page 1 reminder of goals reminder of goals...

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