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INTERNATIONAL MARITIME

BOUNDARY LINE (IMBL)

IDENTIFICATION DEVICE AND

ALERT SYSTEM FOR

FISHERMAN USING GPS

INTERFACING ARDUINO BOARD Project Proposal

Marie Malishini Punchihewa

BSc (Hons) Computer Systems & Networking

2014/Feb

3/6/2014

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Overview

This Project is proposed to design a system which used for notifies and helps the Sri Lankan fishermen not to navigate beyond country’s border by using GPS (Global Positioning System). The proposed system is used to detect the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) through the specified longitude and latitude of the position. The particular layer level i.e. border can be predefined And this can be stored at microcontroller memory. When the current values compare with predefined values, if these values are same immediately the particular operation will be done. The system includes microcontroller the current positions are compared with already stored latitude and longitude of country’s boundary locations, if it get matched the microcontroller give instruction to the alarm to buzzer when the boat is 500 meters away from the IMBL further if they ignore it and cross the line the alarm will buzzer continuously. It also uses a message transmitter to send message to the base station which monitors the boats in the sea. The system provides an indication to both fisherman and to coastal guard. Thus the system saves the lives of the fisherman and alert base station to provide help. On the whole, it is an attempt to build a suitable device for the fishermen at a reasonably low cost.

Aim The overall aim of this project is to develop an intelligent device that will safeguard the lives

of fishermen and compel them to abide by international maritime law and preserve relationship between neighbouring countries.

Objectives

To offer the fishermen a safe navigation by giving precise coordinates where they are.

To set an alarm 500 meters before IMBL

Depending on the time left there are two more objectives to be achieved. But it should be

noted that these objectives will be achieved if considerable time is left after accomplishment of the above main objectives.

To send a message to the base station using GSM or any other technology, if boats crosses the boundary line.

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Table of Contents

CONTENTS PAGE

1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................................5

2. GPS (The Global Positioning System) .................................................................................................6

3. GSM(Global System for Mobile communication) ........................................................................7

4. The India - Sri Lanka maritime boundary ......................................................................................9

4.1. Poaching of Fishermen ......................................................................................................................10

5. Literature review ............................................................................................................................................11

6. Proposed system .............................................................................................................................................13

6.1. Proposed system architecture ......................................................................................................13

6.2. Proposed system flow diagram....................................................................................................14

7. Resources.............................................................................................................................................................15

7.1. Hardware ...................................................................................................................................................15

7.1.1. MG1613 GPS Module Demo board………………………………………………….………….….15

7.1.2. GSM module........................................................................................................................................15

7.1.3. Arduino Kit………………………....………………………………………………………………………..15

7.1.4. LCD Display………………………………………………………………….……….........................….…15

7.1.5. LM7805………………………………………………………………………..………….…….………….....15

7.1.6. Electronic Bell……………………...………………………..………….………………….……….......…16

7.2. Software ......................................................................................................................................................16

7.2.1. MPLAB IDE……………………………………………………………………………..……………….…..16

7.2.2. NMEA Reference Guide…………………………………………………………...………………..…..16

7.2.3. Proteus 7.0……………………………………………………………………………...…………………...16

7.2.4. Algorithm…………………………………………………………………………………………………….16

7.3. Test rig..........................................................................................................................................................17

8. Cost Analysis ......................................................................................................................................................17

9. Beneficiaries .......................................................................................................................................................17

10. Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional Issues .........................................................................................18

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11. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................................19

12. Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................................19

12.1.General References…………………………………………………………………………………………….19

12.2.Specific References………………………………………………………………………………………....….19

12.3.Internet References…………………………………………………………………………………....………20

List of Figures PAGE

Figure 1.1 – GPS constellation.............................................................................................................................6

Figure 1.2 – Location Determination ...............................................................................................................6

Figure 2.1 – GSM network architecture ..........................................................................................................8

Figure 2.1.1 – GSM network architecture ......................................................................................................8

Figure 3.1- Maritime Boundary of Sri Lanka.................................................................................................10

Figure 3.2 – Palk Strait ...........................................................................................................................................10

Figure 4.1- Proposed system architecture.....................................................................................................13

Figure 4.2 – Proposed system flow diagram.................................................................................................14

List of Tables PAGE

Table 9.1- Estimated Cost for the proposed project ..................................................................................17

Appendices

Appendix 1: Work Plan Flow Appendix 2: Project Plan Gantt chart

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1. Introduction

“25 Sri Lankan fishermen have been arrested by the Indian Coast Guard at Karaikal in Puducherry,

on charges of trespass and illegal fishing in Indian waters. They have been handed over to the

Coastal Security Group of the Tamil Nadu police.”

South | Press Trust of India | Tuesday February 4, 2014

The above excerpts from a newspaper published in India on February 4, 2014.

According to 2500 years well-worn ancient history of Sri Lanka, India comprehended dominant role as a regional vigorous neighbour. As a result of it there was originate tenable

adherence among both respective states in political, economic, social and cultural sphere. In Sri Lankan foreign policy India gets incomparable importance in present as well as in past. The emotional and burning rigid question which has been sprung up at present is trespassing

of maritime boundary line among Sri Lanka and India. As a result of maritime infringe and trespassing fishermen in both countries were arrested by costal guards and naval officers in

two countries. Fishing with small traditional vessels and crafts was a customary practiced tradition and important economic activity for the costal population on both sides of the Palk Strait which effected for arresting. According to the current clamorous situation among two

states the traditional livelihood, political affinity, security coalition and goodwill became scandal

Today each and every Sri Lankan Fisherman face the problem of getting threatened by foreign navy and sea pirates due to lack in knowledge of IMBL due to this they face the problem of being arrested by the foreign coastal authority. Thus the fisherman families suffer

and struggle a lot of their safety in foreign country. To avoid this situation this project takes in hand with GPS for positioning information and

GSM for giving emergency alert information in hazardous situation. Further this project helps to rectify such problems in a simple way. The cost effectiveness of the proposed design is mainly considered as it is being used by the fishermen in Sri Lanka and most of them are

from low income families.

The main objective of this project is to help the Sri Lankan fisherman crossing the country’s border, if they cross the border or goes beyond the border an alarm is generated on the boat indicating that the fisherman has crossed the border. And they can be alert and come back.

This project adds on the versatility and the usefulness of a GPS device in the sea. Additionally, a message transmitter is interfaced with the device also send a message to base

station located on the shore indicating that a vessel has crossed the border. Thus guards in the shore can assist or provide additional help to those fishermen if needed. From Sri Lanka about 100,000 boats of different kinds conduct fishing along the India-Sri Lanka maritime

border. This leads to loss in the both humans as well as their economic incomes. The GPS modem will continuously give the signals i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating

the position of the fishers. The GPS modem gives many parameters in the output, but only NMEA data can be read and displayed on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the boat and fishers is demanded. An EEPROM is

used to store the data received by GPS receiver the hardware interfaces to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver.

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2. GPS (The Global Positioning System)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) [Figure1.1 and Figure1.2] belongs to the U.S.

Department of Defence and is comprised of 24+ operational satellites. These satellites orbit Earth at a distance of 11,000 miles and make two full orbits every 24 hours. GPS units on the ground are capable of tracking 12 of these at any one time, depending on location and the

amount of visible sky. Due to orbit paths, more signals will be picked up closer to the equator than the poles, particularly below 55 degrees latitude (see Figure1.1). This creates problems

for those at higher latitudes who are trying to pick-up signals from three or more satellites. Mountain slopes also cause problems, since the sky towards the equator is out of line of sight.

There are five steps in acquiring a GPS reading:

1. A triangulation of satellites is found (satellite ranging) 2. The GPS finds the triangulation by measuring the time it takes to receive a radio message from

a satellite 3. In order to accomplish this, the GPS needs very accurate clocks

4. After the distance is found, the GPS needs to know where in space the satellite is located 5. There is a delay in the GPS signal due to interference in the ionosphere and Earth’s atmosphere as it travels through

In order to get an accurate reading of the position, it is necessary to obtain signals from at least three satellites. With one satellite, it is able to measure the distance and the general

location, somewhere within a radius of X miles of the satellite. With two satellites, it is possible to narrow down the location to X miles from satellite 1 and Y miles from Satellite 2. Even with three satellites, it could still be in one of two possible locations (see Figure1.2).

However, it is likely that only one of these is located on Earth. Due to this triangulation, it can determine a specific distance from all three satellites whose radii meet at two points. Therefore, a fourth satellite is convenient for ultimate accuracy. When measuring the distance from a satellite, a simple equation is used:

Figure1.1- GPS constellation Figure1.2- GPS determination of location

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Distance = Speed of light (186,000 miles/second) * Time

Since the speed is so fast, up to 6/100s of a second if a satellite is directly overhead, clocks capable of measuring up to nanosecond accuracy (0.000000001) are required. The only trick is to know exactly when the signal left the satellite. This is done by synchronizing the GPS

receivers and the satellites so that they produce the same code at the same time. Then, the GPS simply calculates how long the delay was in the received satellite signal by comparing it

with its own signal. With time measurements being so precise, what happens if the GPS receiver and the satellite are out of sync? It could mean being off by several thousand miles. In order to prevent this, satellites carry atomic clocks on board which are extremely accurate.

GPS has a variety of applications on land, at sea and in the air. Basically, GPS allows from places on the earth and help you navigate to and from those spots. GPS can be impossible to

receive the signal such as inside buildings; in caves, parking garages, and underwater. The most common airborne applications include navigation by general aviation sea; GPS is typically used for navigation by recreational boaters and fishing enthusiasts. The scientific

community uses GPS for its precision timing capability and a myriad use GPS for an increasing portion of their work. GPS offers an incredible cost savings by the survey site. It

also provides amazing accuracy. Basic survey units can offer accuracies and expensive systems can provide accuracies.

3. GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a second generation (2G) standard for mobile networks. In the early 1980s, a group was formed by the European

Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to develop a digital mobile communication system. Aptly named Groupe Speciale Mobile (GSM), its main task was to develop a single, consistent network for all of Europe and come up with a better and more efficient technical

solution for wireless communication. The GSM standard operates on three different carrier frequencies: the 900 MHz band, which

was used by the original GSM system; the 1800 MHz band, which was added to support the swelling number of subscribers and the 1900 MHz frequency, which is used mainly in the United States. Although GSM is based on the time division multiple access (TDMA) system,

its technology uses digital signalling and speech channels and is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system.

The GSM standard has given birth to wireless services like General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). Its end users were the first to

take advantage of an inexpensive implementation of SMS (short message system), which is more popularly known as texting. Being a cellular network, GSM makes use of cells to

provide wireless communication to subscribers who are in the vicinity of these cells. The four main cells that make up a GSM network are called macro, micro, Pico and femto. Outdoor coverage is typically provided by macro and micro cells, while indoor coverage is usually

provided by the Pico and femto cells. GSM phones may be identified by the presence of a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). This tiny object, which is about as wide as a finger, is a removable smart card that contains a

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user’s subscription information, as well as some contact entries. This SIM card allows a user to switch from one GSM phone to another. In some countries, especially those in Asia, GSM

phones are locked to a specific carrier. However, if a user manages to unlock a phone, he can insert any SIM from any carrier into the same phone.

One of the main advantages of the GSM standard is the ability to roam and switch carriers by using individual mobile units (if partner networks are located in their destination). A GSM network is composed of several functional entities, whose functions and interfaces

are specified. The Figures below shows the layout of a generic GSM network. The GSM network can be divided into three broad parts. The Mobile Station is carried by the

subscriber. The Base Station Subsystem controls the radio link with the Mobile Station. The Network Subsystem, the main part of which is the Mobile services switching centre (MSC), performs the switching of calls between the mobile users, and between mobile and fixed

network users. The MSC also handles the mobility management operations. Not shown is the Operations and Maintenance centre, which oversees the proper operation and setup of the

network. The Mobile Station and the Base Station Subsystem communicate across the Um interface, also known as the air interface or radio link. The Base Station Subsystem communicates with the Mobile services Switching Centre across the A interface.

Figure2.1- GSM Network architecture Figure 2.1- GSM Network architecture

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4. The India - Sri Lanka maritime boundary

Palk Strait is named after Robert Palk, governor of Madras presidency from 1755 to 1763.

Narrower than the English Channel, it separates the Northern coast of Sri Lanka from the Southeast coast of India. The maritime boundary between Sri Lanka and India is divided at three different sea areas; Bay of Bengal in the North, the Palk Straits in the Middle, and the

Gulf of Mannar in the South. The average distance between Sri Lanka and India through the Palk Straits is about 32 KMs. Both countries have signed bilateral agreements on the

maritime boundary as per the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Sri Lanka has exercised maritime jurisdiction over it‟s ports and the adjoining sea, with regard to the access of ships to ports, long before the concept of territorial waters began to be

operational in the International law arena. In 1702, during the Dutch colonial times,Sri Lanka maintained a three mile Territorial Sea which is within reach of cannon shot.The issues on

the boundary between the two countries were in rhetoric for some time.On 04th September 1918 authorities of Madras proposed to the Government of India (then ruled by the British) that the existing three mile limit of Indian territorial waters should be extended to twelve

miles for safeguarding their fisheries. The Madrasauthorities also suggested that the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait should be declared mare clausum (Open Waters) and that the

waters should be delimited between India and Sri Lanka However the Government of India in its report to London did not support this proposal. The British authorities who ruled India at that time considered the respective waters as an integral

part of His Majesty’s domain in any case. In September 1920 the under- secretary of State, was informed by the Foreign Office that the proposeddelimitation of the area was acceptable

to Whitehall but not the proposal to declare mere calusum. 1970‟s was a significant landmark period since Sri Lanka resolved her maritime boundary disputes with India during this time. The Government of Prime Minister Sirimavo

Bandaranaike pointed out the need of delimiting the waters of the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Bay, and Palk Strait to the Government of Mrs. Indira Gandhi of India.Both countries agreed

to the proposition that in order to regulate the activities between the two countries there should be a formal demarcation of the maritime boundary that is acceptable to each other. On the other hand the over exploitation of resources in the PalkStrait was also a concern

highlighted by both governments. After a few round of talks thetwo governments agreed to recognize the territorial waters as defined by the maritime legislation enacted by Sri Lanka

and India in 1974 and 1976. On 15th January 1977 the Sri Lankan government formally declared Sri Lanka‟s side of maritime boundary. Katchchativu Island was left to Sri Lankan ownership as a result of this agreement.

Maritime boundary Issues

Kachchativu Island

Cross Border Terrorism

Poaching of Fishermen – contd.

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4.1 Poaching of Fishermen

Fishing is at the heart of the economic and cultural life of this region, indeed of much of

coastal Sri Lanka. Fishing produces less than the country's needs and yields a meagre income

to fishermen, most of whom use primitive boats and gear in the shallow waters surrounding

the island. In 2008, the total fish catch was estimated at 319,120 tons, up from 300,316 tons

in 2000. Exports of fish products were valued at nearly US$173 million in 2007. It’s certainly

not a life for everyone. Long hours, hard work and bad weather are enough to keep most

people on land. But for fishermen the breath-taking beauty of the open ocean, the great

excitement of a good catch of fish and the personal satisfaction of a hard day’s work gives

more strength to involve in the industry. While many fishermen admit that fishing can exact a

physical and emotional toll, it is a small price to pay for a way of life keeps them coming

back season after season to earn a living from the sea. Sri Lankan ethnic conflict had

substantially contributed to the existing fishing dispute between India and Sri Lanka which

had forced the Sri Lankan Navy to safeguard the boundary of Sri Lankan waters in the Palk-

Straits. . However Sri Lanka managed to overcome the LTTE problem, but the poaching of

fishermen continues.

In any analysis of the problem of fisherman in the region, it must be pointed out that

fishermen throughout the world are no respecters of manmade boundaries. They view the

boundaries as a post-independence phenomenon. Tamil Nadu is one of India’s leading

maritime fish producers. The marine fisheries potential of the state is 719,000 tonnes. Over

700000 people in Sri Lanka depend on fisheries as their livelihood. There are close ties

between fishermen and the sea where we could identify the similarities in economy and

culture of the peoples of northern coastal regions of Sri Lanka and peoples in Tamil Nadu.

Therefore solving the issue of poaching by fishermen in both countries is a vital issue in

maintaining good Indo – Lanka Relations.

Figure 3.1 Maritime Boundary of Sri Lanka Figure 3.2 Palk Strait

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5. Literature review

At the present time there are few existing systems which help to identify the current position

of the boats/ships using GPS System. And view them on an electronic map. For the purpose

of identification the fisherman .The systems are radar and computer based GPS which were

run over coastal guards based which needs regular monitoring and has chance of manual

errors which leads to dangerous situation.

In some system this manual monitoring are been supervised by computer programmed application run in PC which is not compact and less power consumable device and also not able to understand by common man which means not user friendly. In some system uses GPS

when vessel cross the border it cuts off the fuel. The limitations of existing system are not being user friendly, cannot be understand by common man, more expensive, not reliable,

dangerous in some case and not effective. The latest development in this area is that the Indian authorities have now embarked on

devising a similar method to alarm the Indian fishermen approaching the IMBL to avoid this unpleasant situation. An expert committee consisting of vice admiral B. Rao and Chief

Hydrography to the government of India is exploring at least three ways to send out signals to fishermen on high seas alerting imminent crossing of the International Maritime Boundary. “We are looking at drawing an electronic physical line across the seas in the zone and every

time a fishing boat crosses the line an alert could be delivered on the mobile phone.”

Another system is GPS72H by the GARMIN which is mostly used by the fishermen is battery based power supply it stands for 18 hours but the fishermen may be unfortunately missing their backup batteries will lead to danger . Also another problem is this GPS72H also

to be manually watched to identify whether they crossed the boundary. There is no indication for the fishermen whether they are traced by the foreign navy.

According to the project of Mr.Naveen from St. Joseph College of engineering Chennai .A equipment which can stops the fuel connection to the engine of the fishermen vessel when

they tend to cross the boundary. They will give a chance to restart the engine with reverse motion if not they fuel supply is permanently disconnected. This system leads to make the

vessels to trap on nearer to boundaries and which may turn too caught by the foreign navy. Also this system can be applicable only to the inboard engine and not for the outboard engine based vessels.

Hassan Mahmood (2010) and two other members have made a car tracking and locking

system as their final year project. It is controlled by computer, where ever the car goes its coordinates are taken from the GPS module and then sent to the computer where software (which they have programmed) divides the coordinates into x-y and then plots it on Google

Maps. SEYED MOWLA (date not specified) has designed a Bus Scheduling System using GPS the

intended project is focusing on tracking the buses in real time using Global Positioning System (GPS) and provides time tabled information at the bus stops. The system was implemented using java and j2me on tapestry web framework. Algorithm is used to convert

the co-ordinates into distance in kilo meters. Mobile emulator is used to display the schedule information.

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Jennifer Dill, Ph.D. (2007) in her paper aims to provide insight on whether bicycling for everyday travel can help US adults meet the recommended levels of physical activity and

what role public infrastructure may play in encouraging this activity. The study collected data on bicycling behaviour from 166 regular cyclists in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area

using global positioning system (GPS) devices. Development of a curved ray tracing method for modelling of phase paths from GPS radio

occultation: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, 2010 A two‐dimensional study a two‐dimensional curved ray tracer (CRT) is developed to study

the propagation path of radio signals across a heterogeneous planetary atmosphere. The method, designed to achieve improvements in both computational efficiency and accuracy

over conventional straight‐line methods, takes rays’ first‐order bending into account to better

describe curved ray paths in the stratified atmosphere. CRT is then used to simulate the phase path from GPS radio occultation (RO). The merit of the ray tracing approach in GPS RO is explicit consideration of horizontal variation in the atmosphere, which may lead to a sizable

error but is disregarded in traditional retrieval schemes. In addition, direct modelling of the phase path takes advantage of simple error characteristics in the measurement. With provision of ionospheric and neutral atmospheric refractive indices, in this effort, rays are

traced along the full range of GPS‐low Earth orbiting (LEO) radio links just as the

measurements are made in real life. Here, ray shooting is employed to realize the observed radio links with controlled accuracy. CRT largely reproduces the very measured characteristics of GPS signals. When compared, the measured and simulated phases show

remarkable agreement. The cross validation between CRT and GPS RO has confirmed not only the strength of CRT but also the high accuracy of GPS RO

measurements. The primary motivation for this study is enabling effective quality control for GPS RO data, overcoming a complicated error structure in the high‐level data. CRT has also

shown a great deal of potential for improved utilization of GPS RO data for geophysical research.

Location Based Mobile Dating Service - Steven Connolly (National university of Ireland) A successful positioning result received from the MPS is presented in form of a shape and

reference point of the shape All shapes can theoretical be combined with an altitude from the surface of the earth. In

reality the arc and the polygon shapes will never be combined with an altitude since these shapes normally are originated from a standard GSM mobile station (MS). The MS will be located somewhere in the area of the shape. The shape that will be received depends on the

capacity of the MS and the mobile network. A standard GSM MS will, in a GSM network, usually return the shape of an arc. A shape combined with an altitude can only be received

from an Assisted Global Positioning System (AGPS) capable MS. The absolute Point and the ellipsoid shape are also possible results from an A-GPS capable MS. Since the area of a UMTS cell differs from the area of a GSM cell it impacts the MPP and the MLP as well as

the MPS Emulator. The MPS Emulator can be configured to be in either GSM or UMTS mode.

Literature relating to this project is sketchy since the concept is relatively new.

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6. Proposed system

The proposed system uses a GPS receiver which receives signals from the satellite and gives the current position of the boat the proposed system is used to detect the border of the country

through the specified longitude and latitude of the position, not only between Sri Lanka and India but all over the world. The particular layer level i.e. border can be predefined

And this can be stored at microcontroller memory. When the current values compare with predefined values, if these values are same immediately the particular operation will be done. The system includes microcontroller the current positions are compared with already stored

latitude and longitude of country’s boundary locations, if it get matched the microcontroller give instruction to the alarm to buzzer when the boat or vessel is 500 meters away from the

IMBL further if they ignore it and cross the line then the alarm will buzzer continuously. It also uses a message transmitter to send message to the base station which monitors the boats in the sea. The system provides an indication to both fisherman and to coastal guard. Thus the

system saves the lives of the fisherman and alert base station to provide help.

6.1 Proposed system architecture

GPS receiver is connected to microcontroller through UART. The data is sent to UART and then to microcontroller. Computational works are done in microcontroller and the signals are sent to LCD display, buzzer and GSM module. Message form controller to GSM module is

sent through UART.

GPS RECEIVER ARDUINO KIT

GSM MODULE

ALARM

LCD DISPLAY

Figure 4.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

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6.2 Proposed system flow diagram

GPS RECEIVER

Arduino Kit

COMPARISON

ALARM

BORDER POSITIONS

GSM

MESSAGE SENT TO

COASTAL GUARDS

LATITUDE

AND

LONGITUDE

NEXT

INPUT

CROSSED

500m

BEFORE

ALARM

BUZZER

CONTINUOUSLY

Figure 4.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM

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7. Resources

7.1 Hardware

7.1.1 MG1613S GPS Module Demo Board

This is a low power consumption GPS module demo board powered by USB port with high

sensitivity of -161dBm (indoor) and seamless outdoor/indoor operation. This supports

standard NMEA-0183 V

7.1.2 GSM module

GSM module is used for transmission of message seeking assistance. GSM cannot be used in

oceans as towers cannot be placed in oceans. Thus CDMA network or satellites can be used

for message transmissions. When vessel crosses border, the stored message along with

current latitude and longitude positions is sent to the desired GSM module which is stored

already.

7.1.3 Arduino Board

Arduino which is open source embedded kit available for much major purposes. Arduino is

an open-source single-board microcontroller, descendant of the open-source Wiring platform,

designed to make the process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more

accessible. The hardware consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board

with an Atmel AVR processor and on-board input/output support. The software consists of a

standard programming language compiler and the boot that runs on the board.

7.1.4 LCD display

This is a display panel which is require to display information received by the GPS module

7.1.5 LM7805

Power supply circuit is built to supply the power to the circuit. For this project, the circuit

needs only 5V voltage supply. Input supply for this circuit consists of 9V battery. Therefore

LM7805 Voltage regulator is used to provide 5V DC regulated voltage from the unregulated

9V input voltage as PIC microcontroller requires only 5V. A voltage regulator is an electrical

regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. Hence, two capacitors

are used to stabilize the voltage supply and to reduce the ripples of the voltage.

7.1.6 Electronic Bell

An electronic bell is needed as an alarm. As it should only sound when reached to a

specific area a normal bell is more than enough. This is used only to inform the

fishermen that they are near the IMBL.

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7.2 Software

7.2.1 MPLAB Ide

MPLAB software is computer program used to program the microcontroller. Assembly

language is the programming language used to program the PIC microcontroller. An

assembly language is a low level programming language for computers, microprocessors,

microcontrollers, and other integrated circuits.

7.2.2 NMEA Reference guide

GPS receiver communication is defined within this specification. Most computer programs

that provide real time position information understand and expect data to be in NMEA

format. This data includes the complete PVT (position, velocity, time) solution computed by

the GPS receiver. The idea of NMEA is to send a line of data called a sentence that is totally

self-contained and independent from other sentences. The National Marine Electronics

Association (NMEA) has developed a specification that defines the interface between various

pieces of marine electronic equipment. The standard permits marine electronics to send

information to computers and to other marine equipment.

7.2.3, Proteus 7

The Proteus 7.0 software has been chosen for the circuit design.

7.2.4. Algorithm

To check whether a position is within the boundary or outside the boundary there should be

an algorithm which matches any point. Algorithm using is Ray-casting algorithm (point-in-

polygon algorithm)

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7.3 Test rig

Testing the performance of the device in sea is a difficult task. Therefore testing would be

done on a prototype in the following format.

Performance can be test in a playground which is at least 1km long. A testing area

would be defined first. When the device reaches 500m of distance to the defined

boundary a bell will be rung.

When the device is within the 500m the data logger will start to maintain the data and

this will be displayed on the LCD display.

When it reach the boundary line and soon as it cross the boundary the SMS should

sent to a given phone number.

8. Cost Analysis Cost estimated for the project is shown below.

COMPONENT PRICE (RS.)

GPS MODULE 4000.00

GSM MODEM 3000.00

ARDUINO BOARD 6000.00

OTHER ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 1000.00

LCD DISPLAY 1200.00

ELECRONIC BELL 500.00

= 15700.00

9. Beneficiaries

The system designed would be beneficial to:

All fishermen for their safe navigation

Sri Lankan Navy to identify boats which cross the IMBL and get data

Families of the fishermen

Especially for the Sri Lankan government to maintain a good relationship amongst

neighbour countries.

Table 1 -Estimated cost for the proposed project

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10. Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional Issues

One of the main issues regarding any laws or regulations governing the fisheries is

enforcement. Requiring all fishing vessels to have an international maritime boundary line

(IMBL) identification device and alert system on board will make the regulation of fishermen

and fishing companies much simpler and more effective. A tracking device will give off a

signal that can be recorded by geosynchronous satellites, so the exact position of the fishing

vessel can be monitored by the regulating body. It will allow regulating bodies to know

which fleets are in the water and whether or not they are within legal boundaries at any given

time, thus ensuring that marine protected areas and time-area closures are not being fished.

Speeds of less than three knots usually indicates that the vessel is fishing, and patterns in

global positioning data can also help managers determine what type of fishing strategy the

vessel is using, Such a device is also capable of receiving signals via satellite. This will be

essential for alerting vessels in danger and allowing fishing boats to know the whereabouts of

other fishing boats in the area.

The Sri Lankan Navy has successfully guarded the coastal areas during the recently

concluded Wanni Humanitarian Operation. These operations were conducted with the help of

underwater scooters and improvised submarines destined of LTTE captured by the Sri

Lankan Government forces and the ships of Sri Lanka Navy. This clearly portrayed the

vulnerability of maritime territory in and around Indo- Sri Lanka.

To avoid such security risks in the future, both the Governments of Sri Lanka and India have

taken joint measures. The Navies of the two countries are now carrying out coordinated

patrols in the area. In this kind of patrolling both Navies patrol in their respective territorial

waters and communicate vital information to each other. India has installed many security

mechanisms on its southern boundaries. There is a fast breeder reactor complex at

“Kalpakam” near Chennai and the Russian-aided “Koodankulam” nuclear power reactor

complex in southern Tamil Nadu and some space experimental establishments in Kerala.

Therefore, safeguarding the maritime boundary from terrorist activities is of the paramount

importances to both India and Sri Lanka.

It is well known that the LTTE was carrying out most of their maritime activities disguised

as fishermen. The Sri Lankan Navy faced many difficulties to obtain accurate facts about

movements of real fishing boats and disguised LTTE boats. This created an uncomfortable

situation to both Indian and Sri Lankan governments. Both Navies were left with the

challenging tasks of identifying innocent civilians from the disguised LTTE terrorists.

The LTTE is now defeated. Tamil Nadu fishermen are now politically lobbying to obtain of

fishing rights in the Sri Lankan territorial waters. This is due to the richness of fisheries in Sri

Lankan side of the sea. In this context some political parties in Tamil Nadu are attempting to

capitalize on this issue by pressurizing the Central Government of India to exert pressure on

the Government of Sri Lanka in matters related to maritime border, which have already been

resolved by two nations.

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11. Conclusion

Since this is the first initiative in this nature, there could be unexpected practical

difficulties in implementing this project concept and therefore it is important to note

that there could be room for further development. However, considering the

importance of this initiative in the present day context every step will be taken to

come up with a product which will fulfil the needs of the users. Success of this project

may benefit other countries as well. The objectives stated are to be achieved within

the time allocated. However, every effort is being made to develop a product which

meets with the industry standard.

12. Bibliography

12.1 General References

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) – the international engineering

consortium GSM and GPS mobile navigator - By Ma Chao & Lin Ming

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) Technology- University of Sabaragamuwa

Sharing Maritime Boundary with India: Sri Lankan Experience by Sanath de Silva. (kotalawala defence university - http://www.kdu.ac.lk/department-of-strategic-

studies/images/publications/Sharing_Maritime_BoundarywithIndia-NESA.pdf )

12.2 Specific References

Visual Navigational Alert System for Indian Fisherman in Android Platform - Ms.P.Selvi Grija1, T.Preethi2, V.Ranjitha3, R.Vinothini4

GPS – GSM Based Tracking System Abid khan#1, Ravi Mishra*2

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12.3 Internet References

http://deptweb.wwu.edu/huxley/huxweb/gis/EGEO452/07projects/ArtJessica/GPSTutorial.pdf

http://peshawar.olx.com.pk/gpstracking-system-as-final-year-project-iid-139996809 , 2010

http://indianexpress.com/tag/international-maritime-boundary-line/

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/international-maritime-boundary-line

http://www.ndtv.com/topic/international-maritime-boundary-line

http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org

http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2011/finalwebsite/solutions/technology/tracking.shtml

http://www.ijireeice.com/upload/2014/march/IJIREEICE3D%20%20s%20Sivarama%20Imple

mentation.pdf

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Appendices:

Appendix 1: Project Plan Gantt chart

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The identified work plan is illustrated by a flow chart below

Appendix 2: WORK PLAN FLOW

CHART