imia – wgp 59 (08) bridges – construction, insurance and ... · bridges – construction,...
TRANSCRIPT
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IMIA – WGP 59 (08)
Bridges – Construction, Insurance and Risk Management
IMIA Conference Gleneagles
September 17, 2008
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2
Heiko Wannick – Munich Re – Munich, Germany (Chairman)
Alexander Artamonov – Gefest – Moscow, Russia
Christian Bendel – Munich Re – Munich, Germany
Chris Blueckert – Zurich Insurance – Stockholm, Sweden
Hervé Landrin – Munich Re – Munich, Germany
Mike Spencer – Zurich Insurance – London, UK
Philip Wallace – Infrassure – Zurich, Switzerland
Louis Wassmer – Zurich, Switzerland
20.09.2008
The Team
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320.09.2008
Ancient Times
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420.09.2008
A Bridge too...
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520.09.2008
Modern Times
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620.09.2008
Landmarks
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720.09.2008
Recent Highlights
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820.09.2008
Current Challenges
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920.09.2008
The Future
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1020.09.2008
Agenda
Technical Aspects
Risk Exposure and Underwriting Considerations
Loss Examples
PML-Considerations
Risk Management
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1120.09.2008
Technical Aspects
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1220.09.2008
Girder Bridges
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1320.09.2008
Launching Girder Method
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1420.09.2008
Launching Girder Method
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1520.09.2008
Incremental Launching
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1620.09.2008
Incremental Launching
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1720.09.2008
Cable Stayed Bridges
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1820.09.2008
Cable Stayed Bridges
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1920.09.2008
Suspension Bridges
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2020.09.2008
Suspension Bridges
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2120.09.2008
Arch Bridges
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2220.09.2008
Arch Bridges
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2320.09.2008
Selection Criteria
Topography
Geology
Costs
Constructability
Aesthetical aspects
Environmental aspects
Construction risks
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24
Risk Exposure and
Underwriting Considerations
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2520.09.2008
Risk Exposure
Natural Hazards
Fire
Faulty Design, Materials, Workmanship
Third Party Liability
Contractors‘ Plant and Equipment
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2620.09.2008
Natural Hazards
Earthquake
Flooding
Windstorm
Landslide
Lightning
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2720.09.2008
Earthquake
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2820.09.2008
Flooding
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2920.09.2008
Flooding
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3020.09.2008
Windstorm
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3120.09.2008
Monitoring System at Stonecutters Bridge
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3220.09.2008
Fire Hazard
Use of wooden formwork and falsework
Welding and cutting works
Placement of bituminous pavement
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3320.09.2008
Fire Hazard
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3420.09.2008
Fire Hazard
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3520.09.2008
Faulty Design, Materials, Workmanship
Constraints
Purpose of the bridge
Temporary + permanent loads
Durability and lifespan
Architectural , aesthetic and environmental aspects
Overall budget available
Construction time schedule
Geographic site conditions
Ground conditions
Sea/river/lake conditions
Design considerations
• AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges
• BS 5400 Specification for leads on Steel Concrete and Composite Bridges
• ASCE Recommended design loads for Bridges
• OHBDC the Ontario Highway Bridge Code
• Japan Road Association design Manual for design of highway bridges
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3620.09.2008
Underwriting Considerations
Experience and reputation of designers and contractors
Temporary works design – method statements
Natural hazard exposure
Outside influences (e.g. external impact by vessels)
Construction programme
Third Party exposure
Plant and equipment
Project risk management approach
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3720.09.2008
Risk Assessment Matrix
Technical Segment Hazards / Sensitivity Factors*
Type of Bridge Natural Exposure External Collapse Fire, Explosion Construction,
Design
Girder 1 1 1 1 1
Frame 1 1 1 1 1
Arch 2 2 3 2 2
Suspension 2 2 2 2 2
Cable Stayed 2 2 2 2 2
Components
Foundations, Abutments 1 1 1 1 3
Falseworks 1 1 1 1 (Steel) 3 (Wood)
2
Formwork 2 2 3 1 (Steel) 3 (Wood)
2
Bridge Deck 1 2 2 1 2
Cantilever 2 2 2 2 2
Pylons 2 2 2 2 2
Main Cable 1 2 2 1 3
Caissons 1 1 1 1 2
*Sensitivity Factors:
0 = unaffected, unlikely to suffer damage
1 = Low, minor damage, can be repaired
2 = medium, significant damages, may require alternative working method for repair
3 = high, catastrophic failure of bridge, collapse
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3820.09.2008
Relevant Warranties
Deviation from time schedule
Structures in E/Q zones
Flood protection measures
Damage to U/G-services
Fire fighting facilities
Piling and retaining walls
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3920.09.2008
Loss Examples
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4020.09.2008
River Main Crossing, Germany
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4120.09.2008
Savannakhet Mekong River Crossing, Laos
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4220.09.2008
Can Tho Bridge, Vietnam
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4320.09.2008
Hyderabad Flyover, Pakistan
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4420.09.2008
Jintuo Bridge, P.R. of China
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4520.09.2008
PML-Considerations
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4620.09.2008
PML-Scenarios for Bridge Construction
Flooding
Earthquake
Aircraft impact
Ship collision
Sabotage
Traffic accidents on bridge deck
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4720.09.2008
Case Study 1: PML for a Girder Bridge
Scenario:
Impact by a large freight ship
to one of the piled supports
of the bridge deck
Piles: 20%
Bridge deck (surface): 20%
Bridge girders: 20%
Removal of debris: 100% of SI(PML in % damage of permanent works for individual construction elements)
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4820.09.2008
Case Study 2: PML for a Suspension Bridge
Scenario:
Impact by windstorm at the most
critical stage before the bridge
deck and the suspension cables
have been jointed together
Steel and concrete works: 67%
Hanging systems: 10%
Extra cost: 100%
Removal of debris: 100% of SI(PML in % damage of permanent works for individual construction elements)
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4920.09.2008
Case Study 3: PML for a Cable Stayed Bridge
Scenario:
Massive Ship collission
against pier and girder, pier
unprotected by artifical
island
Steel and concrete works: < 20%
Suspension systems: 10%
Extra cost: 100%
Removal of debris: 100% of SI(PML in % damage of permanent works for individual construction elements)
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5020.09.2008
“No construction project is risk free.
Risk can be managed, minimised,
shared, transferred or accepted.
It cannot be ignored.”
Sir Michael Latham, 1994
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5120.09.2008
Code of Practice for Risk Management
BRIDGE
The International Association of Engineering Insurers
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5220.09.2008
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
What can happen?
How can it happen?
RISK
MITIGATION
Screening
Options
Evaluation
Actions
Re-Evaluation
MITIGATION COST
RESIDUAL COST
Quantify Mitigation Cost
Quantify Residual Risk
RISK ANALYSISRISK
EVALUATION
Likelihood
Consequence
Determine
RISK RANKING
DEFINITION OF
OBJECTIVES
Objektives?
Success Criteria?
Risk Categories?
MONITORING & REVIEW
REPORTING
RATING CRITERIA
Risk Management Process
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5320.09.2008
Conclusion
Some bridge types are sophisticated structures requiring application of advanced and risky construction techniques
Bridges under construction are particularly exposed to natural hazards, faulty design and external impact
A number of recent losses have shown the vulnerability of bridge construction, especially in regard to temporary works
Professional risk management standards have yet to be implemented into bridge construction projects
A Code of Practice similar to the ITIG-TCoP is recommended
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5420.09.2008
Thank you for your attention!
Heiko Wannick
Munich Reinsurance Company
Topic Network Construction