immune system chapter 21. components innate immunity
TRANSCRIPT
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IMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEM
Chapter 21Chapter 21
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COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
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INNATE IMMUNITYINNATE IMMUNITY
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Innate DefensesInnate Defenses
Surface BarriersSurface Barriers– SkinSkin– Mucous membranesMucous membranes
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Innate DefensesInnate Defenses
Chemical BarriersChemical Barriers– MucusMucus– LysozymesLysozymes
SalivaSaliva Lacrimal fluidLacrimal fluid
– High acidityHigh acidity Gastric juicesGastric juices UrineUrine Vaginal secretionsVaginal secretions
– SebumSebum
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Innate DefensesInnate Defenses Cellular Cellular
DefensesDefenses– Phagocytic cellsPhagocytic cells
Macrophages or Macrophages or MonocytesMonocytes
– Free (alveolar)Free (alveolar)– Fixed (Kupffer)Fixed (Kupffer)
NeutrophilsNeutrophils Dendritic cellsDendritic cells
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Phagocytic Phagocytic MobilizationMobilization
Alarm callAlarm call VasodilationVasodilation Increased Increased
permeability permeability LeukocytosisLeukocytosis MarginationMargination DiapedesisDiapedesis ChemotaxisChemotaxis
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Phagocytic MechanismPhagocytic Mechanism
AdherenceAdherence IngestionIngestion
– PhagosomePhagosome DigestionDigestion
– LysosomeLysosome– PhagolysosomePhagolysosome
ResolutionResolution
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Innate DefensesInnate Defenses
Cellular DefensesCellular Defenses– PhagocytesPhagocytes– Inflammatory CellsInflammatory Cells
Mast CellsMast Cells BasophilsBasophils Eosinophils?Eosinophils?
– Natural Killer CellsNatural Killer Cells
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Chemical DefensesChemical Defenses
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Inflammatory ResponseInflammatory Response
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Anti-microbial AgentsAnti-microbial Agents
InterferonsInterferons
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Anti-microbial AgentsAnti-microbial Agents
InterferonsInterferons
ComplementComplement
PyrogensPyrogens
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ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
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Adaptive ImmunityAdaptive Immunity
SpecificSpecific
SystemicSystemic
MemoryMemory
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Adaptive DefensesAdaptive Defenses
Antigens = “self” versus “non-self”Antigens = “self” versus “non-self” Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
– MHC IMHC I– MHC IIMHC II
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Adaptive DefensesAdaptive Defenses
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Adaptive DefensesAdaptive Defenses
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Antibody-Mediated Antibody-Mediated ImmunityImmunity
Also known as “humoral immunity”Also known as “humoral immunity”
Involves B lymphocytesInvolves B lymphocytes
DIRECTLY recognizes antigenDIRECTLY recognizes antigen
B lymphocytes undergo clonal B lymphocytes undergo clonal expansionexpansion
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Clonal Expansion of B Clonal Expansion of B CellsCells
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Primary and Secondary Primary and Secondary Humoral ResponsesHumoral Responses
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Antibody StructureAntibody Structure
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Antibody TypesAntibody Types
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Antibody TypesAntibody Types
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Antibody FunctionAntibody Function
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Active and PassiveActive and PassiveHumoral ImmunityHumoral Immunity
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Cell-Mediated Cell-Mediated ImmunityImmunity
Involves T lymphocytesInvolves T lymphocytes Cannot recognize antigen directlyCannot recognize antigen directly Antigen must be presented by Antigen must be presented by
APCAPC T lymphocytes are more diverse:T lymphocytes are more diverse:
Helper T cellsHelper T cells Cytotoxic T cellsCytotoxic T cells Suppressor T cellsSuppressor T cells Memory T cellsMemory T cells
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T-Cell EducationT-Cell Education
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Cell-Mediated Cell-Mediated ImmunityImmunity
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Stimulation of TStimulation of TCC cells cells
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Cell-Mediated Cell-Mediated ImmunityImmunity
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Stimulation of TStimulation of THH cells cells
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Co-StimulationCo-Stimulation
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Function of TFunction of TCC cells cells
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Function of TFunction of TCC cells cells
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Clonal Expansion ofClonal Expansion ofT CellsT Cells
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Summary of Components Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunityof Adaptive Immunity
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Summary of Components Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunityof Adaptive Immunity
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Homeostatic Homeostatic ImbalancesImbalances
Organ transplant and tissue rejectionOrgan transplant and tissue rejection– AutograftAutograft– IsograftIsograft– AllograftAllograft– XenograftXenograft
ImmunodeficiencyImmunodeficiency– Severe combined immunodeficiency Severe combined immunodeficiency
syndrome (SCID)syndrome (SCID)– Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS)(AIDS)– Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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Homeostatic Homeostatic ImbalancesImbalances
Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases– Multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis– Grave’s diseaseGrave’s disease– Type I diabetesType I diabetes– Systemic lupusSystemic lupus– Myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis– GlomerulonephritisGlomerulonephritis– Rheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritis
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Homeostatic Homeostatic ImbalancesImbalances
HypersensitivitiesHypersensitivities– Immediate (Type Immediate (Type
I)I)
– Subacute Subacute Cytotoxic (Types Cytotoxic (Types
II)II) Immune-complex Immune-complex
(Type III)(Type III)
– Delayed (Type IV)Delayed (Type IV)
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END CHAPTER 21END CHAPTER 21