impact of climate change on inland fisheries and ...benjapan.org/wea_files/15salamprof.pdf · the...

Dr. Md. Abdus Salam Professor, Department of Aquaculture

Bangladesh Agricultural University

Mymensingh, Bangladesh

[email protected]

Impact of Climate Change on Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh:

Adaptation Measures need to be taken

BENJapan Teleconference/ Webinar on Environmental AspectsWEA15 : 3 September 2011, Saturday

www.benjapan.org/wea

mailto:[email protected]

Out line of the presentation

Background-coastal and inland

Materials and Methods

Out comes

Conclusion and

Measures need to be taken

2

Background

Bangladesh is the biggest deltaic country in the world

The country has world’s largest continuous mangrove forest the “Sundarbans”

The country also has the widest longest sea beach at Cox’s bazar”

Most of the landmass of the country is in between 1-10m MSL

The economy of the country based on agriculture and related activities

3

IPCC estimated global temp would rise 1.8 – 4.0oC and Sea level 9 to 88 cm by the year 2100

With the CC and estimated SLR, 1/6 of Bangladesh low laying land may go under water

The Sundarbans mangrove forest and other coastal wetland would disappear

Flood and cyclone intensity will increase tremendously

Storm surge may go 7.4 to 9.1 m with 1 m SLR

Background (cont.)

4

Background (cont.)

Millions of CC refugees will migrate in near by town and high land areas

SIDR in Nov 2007 and AILA in May 2009 destroyed the whole coastal region

Most of the embankments and roads have destroyed

Tidal force do not allow them repair or rebuild yet

People in the areas are leading miserable life with the tidal water

Breeding and feeding ground and habitat of freshwater fishes have reduced a lot

5

Background (cont.)

This presentation is about CC impact on inland fisheries and Aquaculture

Bangladesh is a riverine country crisscrossed by 700 large and small rivers

Fish and fisheries resources play a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country

The sector contributes 63% animal protein, 5.3% to GDP and 12% of the total foreign exchange earnings

6

Background (cont.)

10% people including 1.3 million full time fishers are dependent on fisheries for their livelihoods

However, climate change is directly or indirectly affecting fishery production

Fish reproduction, growth and migration patterns are affected by temperature, rainfall and hydrology

It has adversely affected both fresh water and marine fisheries of Bangladesh

7

Impact of CC on Fisheries and Aquaculture

Less rain fall

Background (cont.)

Low water,

increased

fishing

pressure

Fluctuating

Rain, less

fish growth

Lost aquatic

biodiversityFish don’t

breed

High Temp.,

dries up water

bodies

8

To know the impact on hatchery and nurseryoperation and aquaculture and fisheries activities

To know the socio-economic impacts on hatchery,nursery and aquaculture operations and on the fishingcommunities; and

To find out the adaptive measures for sustainableaquaculture production and fish harvesting from thenature

The overall objectives of this study was to assess the CC impact on fisheries and aquaculture activities and livelihood of the stakeholders

Hence the specific objectives were:

Objectives

9

Materials and Methods

Selection of study area

10

River Basin of Bangladesh

11

Target Groups and sampling procedure for fisheries activities

Sl. No. District Upazila Sample size FGD

01 Rajshahi Bagmara 10 3

02 Naowgaon Manda 10 3

03 Natore Gurudaspur 10 3

Target Groups and sampling procedure for fish farming activities

Sl.

No.

Types of fish

farming

Trishal

(sample size)

Bhaluka

(sample size)

Muktagacha

(sample size)

FGD

(No)

04 Fish farmers 15 15 15 3

05 Hatchery owners 5 5 5 3

06 Nursery owners 5 5 5 3

Materials and Methods (cont.)

12

Results and DiscussionFish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component

Criteria Trishal Valuka Muktagacha

Type of fish farms

Pangus 73.33 53.33 46.66

Carps 13.33 20.00 6.66

Tilapia 6.66 13.33 13.33

Cat fishes 0.00 13.33 13.33

Thai Koi (perch) 6.66 0.00 20.00

Native fishes 0.00 0.00 0.00

Size of farms (dec.)

< 400 26.66 20.00 26.66

400 to 800 26.66 40.00 33.33

800 to 1200 40.00 33.33 33.33

> 1200 6.66 6.66 6.66

Year of established

< 5 20.00 26.66 33.33

5 to 10 53.33 33.33 33.33

10 to 15 26.66 33.33 20.00

> 15 0.00 6.66 3.33

Types of Fish farm, size and year of establishment

13

Results and Discussion (cont.)Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component

High temp. hampered fish farming in Mymensingh region (%)

0102030405060

Trishal Valuka Muktagacha

14

Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation (value in %)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Problems with Hatchery Operation

Fish not ovuluate

Less no. of eggs

Unfertilized eggs

Low hatching

Low survival

15

Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation (value in %)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Problems with nursery operation

Lower growth

Deformed fry

Low survival

Crop loss

Less water avail.

16

Farm management cost increased due to climate change


010203040506070

<15

15-3

0

30-4

5

>45

<20

20-4

0

>40

<15

15-3

0

30-4

5

>45

Water exchanged cost increased (%)

Farm management cost increased (%)

Feeding cost increased (%)

Fish farmers Hatchery owners Nursery owners

17

Fish mortality increased due to climate change


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

<15 15-30 30-45 >45

Mortality increased (%)

Fish farmers Hatchery owners Nursery owners

18


Perception of weather change by the stakeholders

05

101520253035404550

Lack of rain Late rain Increased

sunlight

intensity

Only 2

seasons

encounter

Weather not

matched

Fish farmers (%) Hatchery owner's (%) Nursery owner's (%)

19


Coping strategies adopted by fish farmers

010203040506070

Fish farmers (%) Hatchery owner's (%)

Nursery owner's (%)

Installed new pump Exchanged water

Put shade over ponds Used medicine

Mdke ponds dipper Can't overcome

20

Water availability in the beels before 10 yrs and at present (value in %)

Results and Discussion (cont.)Fisheries component

010203040506070

B P B P B P

Bagmara Manda Gurudash pur

8 months 6 months Less than 6 months

21

010203040506070

B P B P

Bagmara Manda

Year long 8 months 6 months Less than 6 months


Water availability in the Rivers before 10 yrs and at present (value in %)

22

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

B P B P B P

Bagmara Manda Gurudashpur

< 10 fishes 10-15 fishes 15- 20 fishes 20- 25 fishes

No. of fish species caught before 10yrs and at present(value in %)


23

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Less rainfall Sifting season

Prolong drought

Fluctuating rainfall

Bagmara (%) Manda (%) Gurudashpur (%)

Factors affecting abundance of fish in natural water bodies


24

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Fishing intensity increased

Conversion of water bodies to other uses

Less rain fain fall

Reason behind less number of fish caught (value in %)


25

19771977 19901990 20002000

Change of water coursesChange of water courses

Shengrail river, Dumuria, KhulnaShengrail river, Dumuria, Khulna


26

19771977 19901990 20002000

Change of water coursesChange of water courses

Bharda river, Batiaghata, KhulnaBharda river, Batiaghata, Khulna


27

Biological activities affected by fluctuating weather (value in %)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Bagmara Manda Gurudash pur

Hampered eggs dev. & breeding

Water scurcity for nursing fry

Fry mortelity due to high temp

Hampered fry-juvenile migration

28

0

10

20

30

40

50

Broods are not ready to

breed

Fry get less time for growth

Broods are too small to

breed

Immature eggs and sperms

Bagmara Manda Gurudashpur


Late rain in previous year hampered fish production

in following season (value in %)

29

01020304050607080

Fry susceptible to diseases

Fry are weak

Ulcerative syndrome


Fish susceptible to disease due to climate change (value in %)

30

0

10

20

30

40

50

Agriculture Day labour Petty Business

Contact fish catching

Switched to other jobs in Bagmara (%)

Switched to other jobs in Manda (%)

Switched to other jobs in Gurudashpur (%)


Coping strategy to overcome the problems by fishermen

31

The study has identified that the fish farming,hatchery and nursery operation in all threelocations are moderately affected by climatechange

It is really a challenge for the fish farmingcommunities to cope with the changing situation

Fluctuating rain and temperature and prolongdrought are the main causes of fish decline innorthwestern region of Bangladesh

The changing environment made the fishercommunities livelihood vulnerable

Greater understanding of climate changeconsequences is needed to boost up aquacultureand fisheries production in the country

Conclusion

32

Measures need to be taken

Integrate aquaculture with agriculture for food security and high value food

Create sanctuaries to protect the indigenous fish biodiversity and safe guard the fishing communities

Increase income through alternative livelihoods like backyard vegetable gardening and nurseries

Small scale “Backyard Aquaponics” could be another means of alternative livelihoods for the poor communities

Govt., NGOs, national and international donor agencies should come forward to help the fish farming and fisheries stakeholders as they are not any way responsible for climate change

33

Contact information

Dr. Md. Abdus Salam Professor, Dept. of Aquaculture

Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

+880 171 102 [email protected]

impact of climate change on inland fisheries and ...benjapan.org/wea_files/15salamprof.pdf · the...

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