impact of embedment on the thermal response of piliipelines. holbeach.pdf · impact of embedment on...
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Impact of embedment on the thermal response of i lipipelines.
Dr. James Holbeach, Staff ConsultantR i l M A t li MSi K
Experience that Delivers
Regional Manager, Australia, MSi KennyE: [email protected] W: +61 8 6314 2508 M: +61 417 553 757
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Introduction: What?
• Precisely what you think!Burial / Embedment? What do we mean?
Precisely what you think!
Sea
Deeply BuriedS d / Deeply BuriedSand / mud
Unburied Partially Buried / Embedded
“Just” Buried
Experience that Delivers 1
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Introduction: How?
• Three primary mechanismsThree primary mechanisms– Self Embedment– Metocean– Deliberate
Experience that Delivers 2
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Self Embedment: Sea floor
Experience that Delivers 3
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Self Embedment: Weight
Experience that Delivers 4
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Metocean: Spaghetti plot
Experience that Delivers 5
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Metocean: Cyclone/Hurricane/Typhoon/Big StormStorm
Experience that Delivers 6
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Metocean: Sediment
Experience that Delivers 7
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Metocean: currents
Experience that Delivers 8
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Deliberate: Pipelay
Experience that Delivers 9
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Deliberate: Trenching / Stability / Security
Experience that Delivers 10
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Outline
• ContextContext• Case Study• PhysicsPhysics• Theory• Formulas• Verification• New tool
Experience that Delivers 11
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Context:
• Mechanical issuesSo Why?
Mechanical issues• Stability Issues• Corrosion issues• What part do THERMAL issues play?
Experience that Delivers 12
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Context
• Corrosion modellingThermal
Corrosion modelling• Buckling• Pipeline walkingp g• Hydrate management• Blowdown / low temperatures
TEMPERATURE CONTOUR PLOT IN A TEMPERATURE CONTOUR PLOT IN A PIPE CROSS SECTION
Experience that Delivers 13
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Case Study
• Cooling section for corrosion: How long?Cooling section for corrosion: How long?
80 ºC 20 ºC80 ºC 20 ºC
Unins lated pipe
??m
Insulated pipeInsulated pipe Uninsulated pipe
Experience that Delivers 14
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The problem
What’s so difficult?
Experience that Delivers 15
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Physics: Partial Burial
• Unburied pipe U=20 W/m2KSurely you just
Unburied pipe U 20 W/m K• Just buried pipe U=10 W/m2K
• Half buried pipe U=15 W/m2K
• 25% buried pipe U=16.6 W/m2K
Experience that Delivers 16
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Physics: State of play
Burial Level Knowledge levelBurial Level Knowledge level
Unburied Well understood
Deeply buried Well understood
Partially Buried Not well understood
“Just” buried Not well understood
Experience that Delivers 17
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Physics: State of Play
• Old work– OLGA, Pipesim and Carslaw & Jaeger formulations approach the
unburied solution as burial depth -> 0m– Cant / should not use OLGA formulation for burial < ~1 Diameter.
A b i d t f tl i l t d ti– Assume buried component perfectly insulated - conservative
• “New” Work– Steady State- Morud et al (2007)– Steady State- Ovuworie (2010)
St d St t Z k i H lb h M (2012)– Steady State- Zakarain, Holbeach, Morgan (2012) – Steady State and Transient- MSi Kenny internal (2012+)
Experience that Delivers 18
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Formulas
Experience that Delivers 19
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Formulas
Experience that Delivers 20
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Case study: What is important?
Tambient
• Overall heat transfer coefficient
q (heat flux)
Overall heat transfer coefficient– Three resistances– Straight forward calculation Tfl id
g– Often hin can be ignored
Tfluid
Inner film (hin) Pipe wall (kwall) External film (hex)
Experience that Delivers 21
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Verification: Colourful Figures and Diagrams (CFD)Diagrams (CFD)
Experience that Delivers 22
STREAMLINES COLOURED BY VELOCITY MAGNITUDE [m/s] – CASE R2V09T065B050
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Verification: Colourful Figures and Diagrams (CFD)Diagrams (CFD)
Experience that Delivers 23
TEMPERATURE CONTOUR PLOTS [°C] – CASE R2V09T065B050
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Cooling Section
Cooling Section Sizing?
Experience that Delivers 24
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Cooling Section
Cooling Section
Unburied Pipe 7 7kmUnburied Pipe = 7.7kmConservative = 13kmOptimised = 10.5 km
Saving: ~$20mil / line
Experience that Delivers 25
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Ramp-up
T=0 hr
Experience that Delivers 26
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Ramp-up
t=0.75 hr
Experience that Delivers 27
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Ramp-up
t=1.00 hr
Experience that Delivers 28
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Ramp-up
t=1.25 hr
Experience that Delivers 29
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Ramp-up
t=1.50 hr
Experience that Delivers 30
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Ramp-up
t=1.75 hr
Experience that Delivers 31
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Impacts
• Cooling Section length OptimisationTemperature profiles
Cooling Section length Optimisation• Difference in Buckling design• Hydrate management philosophiesy g p p• Temperature management for hydrate remediation• Wax management
Experience that Delivers 32
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Challenges
• No one formulation covers all casesModelling challenges
No one formulation covers all cases• Problems with incorporation in commercial software packages• No complete transient solutions ... Work in progressp p g• No clarity on external heat transfer coefficient (esp for natural convection)
Experience that Delivers 33
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Acknowledgements
• Erich Zakairain (Woodside / Schlumberger)Erich Zakairain (Woodside / Schlumberger)• Prabu Parthasarathy (MSIK – Regional Manager India)• Christian Chauvet (MSIK- Lead CFD)( )• Woodside (esp. Paul Millachip / Julie Morgan)
Experience that Delivers 34