Environment

• The term "environment" means total surroundings of an organism.

• Environment is a system of physical, chemical and biological factors in dynamic equilibrium. It can be

classified into Abiotic and Biotic environment.

HUMAN DEPENDANCE

Today we can see that earth is being harmed by humans only. Human greed is increasing day by day

causing various disastrous effects.

We depend on our mother earth for everything we need and want.

Humans depend for food supply, Medicines, Natural resources for

industrial products and many more things.

We should understand that a healthy environment is essential for

our survival.

IMPACTS

Ozone depletion

Loss of

biodiversity

Global warming

Air ,water & land

pollution

DRIVERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

CHANGE

Drivers of Environmental

change

Anthropocentrism Human –centered

values-

ContempocentrismGeneration –

centered values-

TechnologyPopulation

growth

Poverty Affluence

Core values

Amplifiers

Consumptive

behavior

HUMAN FOOTPRINT

Each and every living organism consumes the Earth's resources in order to survive. this consumption and subsequent waste has an impact on our ecosystems. When these consumption and waste activities extend beyond the earth's carrying capacity, an imbalance is struck and ecological

degradation ensues.

It is an impact on the atmosphere similar to the footprint we are leaving in the sand.

An average Carbon footprint of a British citizen is about 10 tones of CO2

An average Carbon footprint of an Indian citizen is round about 1.5 tones of CO2

A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted through fossil fuel combustion

CARBONFOOTPRINT

POPULATION GROWTHPopulation growth is the central cause of the environmental crisisOur population is rapidly rising beyond the earth's ability to regenerate and sustain us . We are exceeding the carrying capacity of our planet.

Impact of population growth1.Deforestation2.Over use of bioresources3.Pollution4.Rapid mining of non biological

resources

INCREASED DEMAND FOR RESOURCES

OVER CROWDING OF PEOPLE

INCREASED DISPOSALOF WASTE

AIR POLLUTION

Deforestation• Tropical forests cover

only six percent of Earth’s land surface.

• They contain between 70% and 90% of world’s species .

• Deforestation is causing a loss of biological diversity on an unprecedented scale.

• Loss of biological diversity between 50 and 100 animal and plant species each day

• Tropical rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.

Breathing of polluted dust or particles cause problems in the respiratory system

• Eating fruits and vegetables that have been grown in polluted soil lead to birth defects

• Cause problems on the skin

• Cause various kinds of cancers

1. Temperature extremes

2. Rise in sea level, and change in precipitation

3. Storms, coastal flooding

4. Contamination of drinking water

5. Drought .

• Visibility reduction -airborne particles

• Material damage -damage to rubber goods and textiles

• Agricultural damage– damages all kinds of crops

• Psychological effects– psychosomatic diseases

• Physiological and health effects –respiratory / cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer

MORE AIR POLLUTION LEADS TO MORE CARBON DIOXIDE IN AIR

In 1850, atmospheric

concentration of carbon dioxide

was about 280 ppm.

Today, it is about 350 ppm.

This increase is due largely to

burning of fossil fuels and clearing

of forests.

• Scarce Water - Currently, 434 million people face either water stress or scarcity. By 2025 it may increase between 2.6 billion and 3.1 billion people.

• Scarce Cropland -The number of people living in countries where cultivated land is critically scarce is projected to increase between 600 million and 986 million in 2025.

• Forests – Past Land cover of forests in India is 33%- Present Land cover of forests in India is 12%- Global rate of deforestation is 10 million hectares per year .

• Global Warming –Average surface temperature of the earth is 15 degrees C. It has risen by 0.6 degrees C.

• Species Extinction –Earth may lose upto 50% of the species by the end of 21 century. In tropical forests the extinction is 2-5 species per hour.

Green clean technology

green technology is the technology which is environmentally friendly technology

It's main goal is to find ways to produce technology that do not deplete the Earth's natural resources.

The use of green technology is to reduce the amount of waste and pollution that is created during production and consumption of various technologies.

1.More and more use of solar, wind and geothermal energy2.Reusing and recycling(composting of solid waste and remanufacturing)3.Natural resource conserving (managing land resource. Organic farming)4.Carbon capture and storage technology5.Generate electricity, heat, fuel from the renewable technologies6.Biochar7.Hydrogen fuel cells

Suggestions for Improvement

Prevent pollution.

Reduce waste.

Manage the use of natural resources.

Maintain the diversity of life.

Protect and respect the world's natural, cultural, indigenous and historical heritage.

Support environmental education and training.

Support local action and community participation.

Promote practices, methods and technologies that reduce negative impacts on the environment.

Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water supplies, while 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation.

Water-associated infectious diseases kills 3.2 million lives each year, approximately 6% of all deaths globally.

The burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene totals 1.8 million deaths.

Water pollution

Nutrient loading may lead to eutrophication . Organic wastes cause oxygen depletion.Industrial discharges contain heavy

metals , resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids. Discharges from power stations can also have thermal effects, and these too reduce the available oxygen.

Impact of water pollution

In 1980s scientists discovered a "hole" in the ozone over Antarctica.

In 1990s atmospheric scientists reported an annual loss of 40-50% of the ozone above Antarctica.

One CFC molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules

Health impacts of Ozone depletion. Each 1% drop in ozone is thought

to increase human skin cancer rates

by 4-6%.

The United Nations Environment

Program predicts a 26 percent rise in

cataracts and non-melanoma skin

cancers for every 10% drop in ozone.

This translates to 1.75 million cases

of cataracts and 300,000 more cases

of skin cancer every year.

Threats to Biodiversity

Habitat loss and destruction

Alterations in ecosystem

composition

Introduction of exotic species

Over-exploitation

pollution and contamination

Global climate change

• Climate change is one of the significant causes of biodiversity loss

• Biodiversity is a fundamental determinant of health

•Reduces ecosystem process rates and ecosystem functioning•Change the productivity of ecosystem•Affects food security , vulnerability to natural disasters, energy security and access to clean water and raw materials

•Affects human health , social relations and freedom of choice•Reduce résistance of ecosystem - wildfires, pest out breaks•Impair the ocean’s capacity to provide food, maintain water quality and recover from perturbations•Impair sustainable livelihoods and sustainable economic growth