impact of human population on the environment objective 5.03: assess human population and its impact...
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Impact of Human Population on the Environment
Objective 5.03: Assess human population and its impact on local ecosystems and global environments
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Ozone, O3, is a naturally
occurring gas that collects in the
stratosphere and shields the Earth
from harmful ultraviolet
radiation released from the Sun.
Hole in the Ozone Layer
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Hole in the Ozone LayerCertain synthetic chemicals, especially
chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs, rise into the stratosphere and act as catalysts that break
down ozone faster than its formed.
One CFC can destroy 100,000 ozone
molecules
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Hole in the Ozone LayerCFCs are commonly used as coolants in air
conditioners, cars, and refrigerators. CFCs are also used in aerosol spray cans and to make
Styrofoam products.
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Hole in the Ozone LayerSince the 1980’s,
atmospheric measurements have
shown a periodic hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. As a result,
the amount of skin cancer and cataracts
have increased worldwide.
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Hole in the Ozone LayerInternational effort began to reduce the use of
CFCs by using substitutes and to only allow licensed mechanics to change Freon in car air
conditioners.
The ozone hole is decreasing yearly
and can be expected to be fully repaired
by 2050
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Increased CO2 LevelsSince the industrial revolution that began in the
1850’s, the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by over 30%
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Increased CO2 LevelsReasons for the increase in CO2 levels
are mainly due to increase in burning of fossil fuels for energy or combustion
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Increased CO2 LevelsCO2 is released from coal power plants; combustion engines; and from burning
wood especially forests.
Slash and burn practice of clearing tropical rainforests to make room for more farmland
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Increased CO2 Levels
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Increased CO2 LevelsNot only does the burning of a forest release
CO2 into the atmosphere, it also reduces trees that are able to remove and store a lot of CO2 from the atmosphere during photosynthesis
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Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases. Other greenhouse gases include: water vapor, methane, CFCs, Ozone, and
nitrous oxide.
Increased CO2 Levels
Methane is the second largest contributor to
increase in greenhouse gases
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Greenhouse EffectMethane is released by cows, every time they breathe. However, methane is also released from mining practices, landfills,
and during the production of gas products.
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A Greenhouse, made of glass, allows light radiation in that heats the ground. Heated
objects emit infrared radiation, heat, that cannot pass through glass and becomes trapped.
Greenhouse Effect
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Greenhouse EffectIn the atmosphere, greenhouse gasses
allow light radiation to pass through but trap infrared radiation, thus
keeping the Earth warm.
95% of the atmosphere on Venus is 95% CO2 – Temperatures on Venus reach 900F
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Global Climate ChangeMeasurements from ice cores in Antarctica,
the temperature has varied periodically through time. Changes in CO2 levels
coincide with the changes in temperature.
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Global Climate ChangeCooling
Decrease in Temperature Glacial Formation
Glacial Formation Higher reflection of sunlight
Higher reflection of sunlight Lower light intensity
Lower light intensity Shorter Growing Seasons
Shorter growing season Less photosynthesis
Less photosynthesis Increase in atmospheric CO2
Decrease in atmospheric CO2 Decrease in Temperature
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Global Climate ChangeWarming
Increase in atmospheric CO2 Increase in temperature
Increase in temperature Melting of glaciers
Melting of glaciers Decrease of light reflection
Decrease of light reflection Increase in light intensity
Increase in light intensity Increase in Photosynthesis
Increase in photosynthesis Decrease in atmospheric CO2
Decrease in atmospheric CO2 Decrease in Temperature
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Global Climate ChangeSince the 1900’s, global levels of atmospheric CO2 have increased
dramatically.
The increase with CO2 levels do coincide with
the advent of the industrial revolution.
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Global Climate ChangeSince the 1900’s, there
has also been an increase in global
temperature.
Although there has been periodically
cooler years, the overall trend is still increasing.
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Global Climate ChangeScientists use carbon isotopes to
determine if atmospheric CO2 was derived from the burning of fossil fuels
or natural earth’s processes
Climate Model – Both natural CO2 and that from the burning of fossil fuels
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Global Climate ChangeEvidence shows that atmospheric levels CO2 from natural Earth’s processes has not increased over the past 100 years.
Climate Model – Just atmospheric CO2 from natural earth’s processes
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Global Climate ChangeIf the warming trend continues, it could lead to a change in our global climate where there
is a significant change in the “average” temperature
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Global Climate ChangePossible changes if the global climate
changes could include:Melting of Polar Ice Caps
Rise in Sea LevelDisappearance of Many IslandsFlooding of Major Coastal Cities
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Global Climate ChangePossible changes if the global climate
changes could include:More Extreme Weather Patterns(Hot and Cold)
Change in Agricultural regionsDestruction of Coral Reefs
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Acid RainAcid rain is created when sulfur oxides and
nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels combine with rain to make it more acidic
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Acid RainAcid rain washes minerals such as calcium and
magnesium from the soil that plants need to grow
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Smog refers to a mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Smog traditionally arose from smoke released from coal burning plants. However, since the 1950’s, the
largest contribution to smog has been from automobile exhaust.
Smog
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SmogSmog is created when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) react under
sunlight to form ozone.
While ozone in the upper stratosphere
blocks harmful ultraviolet radiation,
it is harmful upon exposure, in the
lower troposphere
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SmogSmog or ozone is particularly harmful to older and very young people, as well as people with
existing respiratory issues.
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SmogThe EPA now monitors ozone levels on a daily basis
and issues ozone warning when levels reach dangerous levels, especially in the summer time.
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The End