impact of the civil war. the emancipation proclamation january 1, 1863: freed slaves in confederate...
DESCRIPTION
Reconstruction Key questions: What to do with the slaves? How to allow rebellious states to re-enter Union? How to treat the leaders of the rebellion? Should African-Americans get the vote?TRANSCRIPT
Impact of the Civil War
The Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863: freed slaves in Confederate
States only– not border states!
Aims: 1. undermine the South2. rally abolitionists 3. gain international support
ReconstructionKey questions:• What to do with the slaves?• How to allow rebellious states to re-enter
Union?• How to treat the leaders of the rebellion?• Should African-Americans get the vote?
Lincoln’s Plan - ModerateAllow state to rejoin Union if:• 10% of voters take oath of allegiance to
U.S.• Abolish slavery
Johnson’s Reconstruction - moderate
• 10% of voters take oath of allegiance to U.S.
• Abolish slavery• Deny vote to Confederate leaders• No treason trials
Freedmen’s Bureau• Federal agency aiding freed blacks• Had jurisdiction over ex-slaves
(freedmen)• Provided food, clothing, and fuel to
destitute freedmen• Established schools
Freedmen• Planters owned land, tools, and draft
animals• Ex-slaves were not generally welcomed
in Northern cities• Many freedmen became sharecroppers –
in exchange for prodcuing cotton, rented land
The Black Codes• Set curfews, wages, limited ability of
African-Americans to enter into contracts• African-Americans could not carry
weapons or sit on juries• Overturned by Civil Rights Act of 1866
Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
• Election of 1866: Radical Republicans take control of congress
• Have enough votes to override president’s vetoes
• Battled with Johnson (Lincoln’s successor)• Impeached Johnson – Johnson acquitted by
one vote
Radical Reconstruction• Reconstruction Acts: southern states administered in
military districts• The vote extended to all African-Americans by 1867• Confederate leaders not allowed to serve in
government • 10-15,000 Confederates lost right to vote• Civilian governments dismissed• South occupied by federal troops
Radical ReconstructionConditions for readmission to the Union:Each state must:• Hold a constitutional convention with universal
manhood suffrage• Constitution must guarantee black suffrage• State must ratify 14th Amendment• Congress (not President) would review each case
Election of 1868Election was held under military supervisionA Republican coalition:• Northern “carpetbaggers”• Southern “scalawags”• FreedmenSome reconstruction governments engaged in corruption
Southern States under Reconstruction, continued
• Results: • 1868 election: 4/7 governorships, 10/14
Senate seats, 20/35 Rep’s to northerners• Chief task: rebuild economy of South
Backlash in the South• All states gain federal Congressional
representation by 1870• Rise of the Ku Klux Klan – terrorist
organization• Republicans split – Democrats begin to
gain control of states in 1870’s• 1877 – Reconstruction ends
The End of Reconstruction• Election of 1876 is disputed• Tilden (Democrat) vs. Hayes (Republican)• Tilden wins popular vote; dispute about
electoral vote• Congress appoints commission to resolve
dispute• Hayes “appointed” President; Republicans in
House agree to end Reconstruction
The Black Amendments aka the Civil War Amendments
• 13-15th