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©2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Impact of U.S. Green Building Standards
on Wood Adhesives
2013 Update
Ashlee Cribb & William Hull
International Wood Adhesives Conference
October 9-11, 2013
1
• Key Green Building Trends
• Green Building Regulations vs. Programs
• Key regulatory developments:
– CARB & federal composite wood rule
– Other state regulatory developments
• Green Building Programs
– Key changes for 2013-2014
• Resin Technologies
• Conclusion
Agenda
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved. 2
Why Green Building?
• In the United States, buildings account for:
� 39% of total energy use
� 12% of the total water consumption
� 68% of total electricity consumption
� 38% of the carbon dioxide emissions
• Green Building can deliver significant benefits:
Source: US EPA, Environmental Information Administration, McGraw-Hill Construction
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Commercial Residential
� Operating cost improvement
� Increased building values
� Higher occupancy & rent rates
� Occupant satisfaction
� Premium pricing
� Easier to market
� Higher perceived quality and
energy efficiency
3
$3
$25
$47
$60
$115
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2005 2008 2010 2012 2016(Est.)
$ in
Bil
lio
ns
Green Building Trends
Source: McGraw-Hill Construction, The Freedonia Group
• Research indicates that demand for green building continues to grow:
� $10B in 2005 to an estimated $85B in 2012
� Builders and architects will opt to earn high levels of LEED certification by specifying the use
of materials that earn LEED points
� Green building materials demand will grow 11 percent annually to $86.6 billion through
2017
U.S. Non-Residential Green Building
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
$7 $10
$14 $25
$88
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2005 2008 2010 2012 2016(Est.)
$ in
Bil
lio
ns
U.S. Residential Green Building
4
U.S. Green Building & Composite Wood:
Regulations vs. Programs
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Key Regulations
• California Air Resources Board Air Toxic Control Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products (“CARB”)
• U.S. Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products Act (to take effect one year after regulation finalized)
� Sets formaldehyde emission limits for particleboard, MDF, and hardwood plywood
� Mandatory requirement for board manufacturers and their downstream partners
Green Building Programs
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®)
• GREEN GLOBES®
• National Green Building Standard®
• Others
� Point-based systems encompassing different building design variables, such as energy efficiency, materials selection, indoor air quality, etc.
� Voluntary standards
� But specified on many government projects and referenced in many municipalities
� Often pursued by building owners and architects
5
CARB Emission Standards
Reference: Environmental Information Administration (2008). EIA Annual Energy Outlook.Source: California Air Resources Board
CARB Phase 2 Emissions Standards
Emissions
Standards
(ppm)
ULEF – Reduced NAF & ULEF – Exempt
Cap
(ppm)
Target
(90% of Samples
– ppm)
Cap
(ppm)
Target
(90% of Samples
– ppm)
Particleboard 0.09 0.08 ≤ 0.05
0.06
≤ 0.04
Thin MDF 0.13 0.11 ≤0.08
MDF 0.11 0.09 ≤0.06
HWPW-VC0.05
0.05 0.05
HWPW-CC0.05
• Phase 2 standards are now in effect for all products included in the California Air
Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce
Formaldehyde Emissions From Composite Wood Products
6© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Federal Formaldehyde Standards for
Composite Wood Products Act
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Source: Formaldehyde Standards For Composite Wood Act; U.S. EPA
• Signed into law in 2010, becoming TSCA Title VI
• Intent was to codify the emissions standards of the CARB ATCM into federal
law in order to provide a level playing field across the U.S.
• The act specified:
� Formaldehyde emission standards for HWPW, PB, and MDF identical to CARB
Phase 2 limits
� Test methodology to be employed (ASTM E-1333 - large chamber)
• Law required EPA to implement regulations to cover a number of areas to
help ensure compliance with the formaldehyde emission standards
� Implementing regulations released on June 10, 2013 for 90-day public comment
period
7
• Proposed regulations differ from CARB in numerous provisions:
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Source: U.S. EPA, California Air Resources Board
Federal Formaldehyde Standards for
Composite Wood Products Act
Key Area of
RegulationKey Differences Between CARB and Proposed Federal Regulation
Laminated
Products
� EPA does not exempt certain “laminated products”� Wood/woody grass veneer attached to a composite or veneer
platform is considered a form of HWPW and is regulated
� Exception: laminated products using no-added formaldehyde adhesive
to affix wood veneer are exempt
� Defines laminated product as a component part used in the
construction or assembly of a finished good� Laminators and fabricators not exempt
Third-Party
Certification
Program (TPC)
� Under CARB, TPCs must be approved directly by CARB
� EPA proposes use of EPA-approved Accreditation Bodies (ABs) to
approve TPCs� TPCs already CARB-approved to be grandfathered for one year
8
• Proposed regulations differ from CARB in numerous provisions (cont’d):
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Federal Formaldehyde Standards for
Composite Wood Products Act
Key Area of
RegulationKey Differences Between CARB and Proposed Federal Regulation
NAF/ULEF
Provisions
� EPA includes path to exemption with use of NAF or ULEF resins
� However, TPCs are responsible for reviewing and approving
applications from panel producers
� ULEF reduced-testing option and inclusion of UF-based ULEF resins
have been retained, but EPA has requested input on these provisions
Test Methods/
Testing
Requirements
� EPA proposes additional international test methods be accepted (EN
717-2, EN 120, JIS A 1460) for QC testing
� EPA proposes reduced testing requirements for small HWPW
producers
� EPA proposes some greater flexibility in demonstration of test method
equivalence and to have TPCs determine equivalency
9Source: U.S. EPA, California Air Resources Board
• Proposed regulations differ from CARB in numerous provisions (cont’d):
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Federal Formaldehyde Standards for
Composite Wood Products Act
Key Area of Regulation Key Differences Between CARB and Proposed Federal Regulation
Non-Complying Lots � EPA proposal requires panel producers to hold lots selected for
sampling until passing test results are received.
Recordkeeping and
Retention
� EPA proposes 3-year record retention period for all record
keeping requirements (CARB requires 2 years)
� EPA also requires that records be provided to purchasers upon
request (CARB requires disclosure only to CARB upon request)
Stockpiling � EPA bases the stockpiling provisions on a “manufactured-by
date,” as opposed to a “sell-by date” (as in CARB)
Hardboard Definition � EPA exempts HB based on revised ANSI A135.4 definition
10Source: U.S. EPA, California Air Resources Board
• States are actively and increasingly pursuing broad chemicals
policy reforms
� Comprehensive and holistic approaches
� Protecting target populations
� Environmentally-preferable purchasing policies
� Restricting specific hazardous chemicals
� More information/disclosure on toxic chemicals
• Leading states include CA, WA, MA, ME, MN, NY, OR, MI and NC
State Regulatory Developments
Source: Koch Industries Public Sector; Ross Strategic for the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable and the Washington Department of Ecology; J. Tickner - Umass-Lowell
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved. 11
• In 2013, over 100 chemical restriction bills were introduced
– 19 enacted
• Chemicals in children’s products
• Flame retardants
• Cleaning Products in Schools (VT)
• Ingredient disclosures
– Includes MN law banning use of formaldehyde
in children’s products
• Legislation requiring chemical alternative assessments, with proposals in
other states:
– Maine: Kids’ Safe Products Act
– California: Safer Consumer Products Regulation
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Source: Koch Industries Public Sector , J. Rinkevich - Scivera LLC; Image used with permission of Safer States
State Regulatory Developments
12
State Regulatory Developments
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Source: KFrost - Smith, Gambrell, & Russell; California Dept. of Toxic Substances Control
• 5 Priority Products to be selected
initially; additional products in future
• Initial proposed Priority Product list to
be published 180 days after regulation
takes effect
California “Green Chemistry Initiatives”
• Intent: identify products with hazardous
chemicals and prompt producers to consider
safer alternatives
• Dept. of Toxic Substance Control will establish
a list of 1,200 “Candidate Chemicals”
• “Priority Products” containing Candidate
Chemicals will be selected
• “Priority Product” producers must evaluate
ways to remove the chemical or identify
alternative
• Regulatory response can include:
� Requiring consumer notification
� Restricting use
� Administrative controls
� End of life cycle disposal rules
� Mandating R&D for alternatives
13
Key U.S. Green Building Programs
• U.S. Green Building Council – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®)
• Green Building Initiative– GREEN GLOBES®
• National Association of Home Builders– National Green Building Standard®
• Collaborative for High Performance Schools®
• ENERGY STAR®
• Living Building Challenge™
• Local or regional programs such as Earth Craft™ House
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.14
41,798
23,412
3,700
4
0 10 20 30 40 50
LEED®
National Green Building
Standard®
Green Globes®
Living Building Challenge™
U.S. Green Building Programs
Relative usage of key programs in United States
Source: U.S. Green Building Council, Green Building Initiative, National Association of Home Builders, International Living Future Institute
Certified Projects
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.15
Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED®)
• 9 Rating Systems:
– New Construction (NC), Existing Buildings Operations & Maintenance (EB), Commercial Interiors (CI), Core and Shell (CS), Schools, Retail, Healthcare, Homes, Neighborhood Development
• Predominant green building program in U.S. in commercial construction:
– 41,798 Commercial LEED Registered Projects
– Significant adoption by government bodies
• Certification Levels
– Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum
Sources: U.S. Green Building Council, Gabriel Nelson – E&E Publishing
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Sustainable
Sites
Water
Efficiency
Energy
Efficiency
Materials
&
Resources
Indoor Env.
Quality
Design
Innov.
Regional
Priority
Key Credit Categories &
Point Distribution
16
LEED® 2009 &
Composite Wood Products
LEED Rating
SystemCREDIT
REQUIREMENTS POINTS
LEED 2009: NC, CI,
CS, RetailIEQ Credit 4.4/EQ Credit 4: Low-
Emitting Materials: Composite
Wood & Agrifiber Products
No-Added Urea Formaldehyde (NAUF)1
LEED 2009:
Schools
Meet requirements of Cal. DHS Standard Practice
for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from
Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental
Chambers, including 2004 Addenda
1
LEED 2009: CI,
Retail
IEQ Credit 4.5/EQ Credit 4: Low-
Emitting Materials: Furniture &
Seating
1. GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified®
2. Meet emissions limits based on BIFMA
testing protocol [ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2007 &
X7.1-2007] or EPA ETV Large Chamber Test
Protocol
1
LEED 2009: SchoolsIEQ Credit 4.5: Furniture &
Furnishings
1. GREENGUARD Children & Schools™ Certified
2. Meet emissions limits based on BIFMA
testing protocol [ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2007 &
X7.1-2007]
1
LEED 2008: HomesMR 2: Environmentally
Preferable Products
a) Cabinets, Counters & Trim – NAUF 0.5 per
component
Sources: LEED 2009 for New Construction, Commercial Interiors, Core & Shell, Schools, Retail, LEED for Homes, 2008
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved. 17
Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED®)
Sources: U.S. Green Building Council
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved. 18
Recent Interpretation Issued by USGBC for Composite Wood Credit (4/1/13):
Inquiry:
• “Are melamine urea formaldehyde with added urea formaldehyde acting as
a scavenger, and melamine formaldehyde with urea added as a scavenger to
bond with loose formaldehyde within a product, acceptable resin
technologies considered compliant with LEED EQc4.4?”
Ruling:
• “If the composite wood product using MUF can meet the testing
requirements and is found compliant with the (CARB ATCM) requirements
for no-added formaldehyde based resins or the requirements for ultra-low-
emitting formaldehyde resins (ULEF), the product can contribute to IEQ
credit 4.4.”
LEED® v.4 Additions Impacting Composite Wood
Products: Materials & Resources (MR)
Sources: U.S. Green Building Council; LEED® v4 Building Design & Construction
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
MR Credit Key Provisions
Building Product
Disclosure &
Optimization:
Material Ingredients
– Material Ingredient Reporting (1 pt.)
� Use products with demonstrated chemical inventory (published Manufacturer
Inventory, Health Product Declaration, Cradle to Cradle, or other approved
program)
– Material Ingredient Optimization (1 pt.)
� Use products that have no GreenScreen™ Benchmark 1 hazards, are Cradle to
Cradle certified, or contain no ingredients on REACH Authorization or
Candidate lists
– Product Manufacturer Supply Chain Optimization (1 pt.)� Use products from manufacturers with EH&S programs documenting
ingredients used and have 3rd party verification of supply chain practices related to chemical safety and stewardship
Furniture and
Medical Furnishings
(1-2 pts.)
• Only applies to
Healthcare
– In 30-40% of freestanding furniture, by total cost, all components must:
� Contain less than 100 ppm in 4 of 5 stated chemical groups (including UF), or
� Contain less than 100 ppm in 2 of 5 stated chemical groups (including UF) and
comply with BIFMA e3-2010 Furniture Sustainability standard, or
� Qualify with Environmental Product Declaration or product-specific
declaration, materials re-use, recycled content, extended producer
responsibility, bio-based materials, or FSC certified wood
19
LEED® v.4 Changes Impacting Composite Wood
Products: Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
IEQ: 2009
Low-Emitting Materials:
– Composite wood products (1 pt):
• Composite wood products shall use NAUF resins
– Furniture & seating (1 pt.):
• Option 1: Meet GREENGUARDIndoor Air Quality requirements
• Option 2: Meet formaldehyde emissions concentration limits:
� Furniture: .05 ppm
� Seating: .025 ppm
IEQ: v.4
Low-Emitting Materials (1-3 pts.):
– Built-In Cabinetry and Architectural Millwork:
• Use materials meeting ULEF or NAF requirements for CARB
– Furniture:
• Comply with sections 7.6.1 and 7.6.2 of BIFMA e3-2011 Furniture Sustainability Standard
– More weight for 7.6.2
Sources: U.S. Green Building Council; LEED® 2009 for Commercial Interiors, v4 Building Design & Construction
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved. 20
Recent Developments with LEED® and
Government Entities
Sources: K. Weeks - EcoBuildingPulse.com, U.S. Department of Energy, J. Miller - federalnewsradio.com,
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
• Recent General Services Administration review results in continued advocacy
for LEED
• Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 requires U.S. GSA to
evaluate green building programs for the government’s use every five years
• Per EISA requirements, the GSA initiated new review in 2012
� Selected LEED, Green Globes®, and the Living Building Challenge™ for further
review
� Initial study found that Green Globes met more requirements for new
construction, while LEED met more requirements for existing buildings
• GSA’s Green Building Advisory Committee issued recommendation in May 2013
that LEED be used for all GSA buildings
• GSA Acting Administrator to make recommendation for one system, multiple
systems, or no systems to the U.S. Department of Energy
21
Recent Developments with LEED® and
Government Entities
Sources: W. Grayson, Equipmentworld.com
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
• …Meanwhile, LEED Experiences Some Pushback at State Level
• Georgia, Maine, Mississippi and Alabama have banned state construction
projects from requiring LEED certification due to exclusion of other wood
certification programs, such as Southern Forestry Initiative and the
American Tree Farm System
• Similar measure is working its way through the North Carolina
legislature
• Other measures in place in Florida and Alabama to address this issue
22
Green Globes®
• 3 Rating Systems – New Construction, Continual Improvement of Existing
Buildings (CIEB), CIEB for Healthcare
• Limited adoption in North America
– Currently 3700 total certified projects in U.S./Canada
• Updated New Construction standard introduced in June 2013
• Key Credits:
Sources: Green Building Initiative , GBI Green Globes For New Construction
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Materials & Resources Indoor Environment: Low VOCs
• Multi-attribute certifications and/or 3rd-party
assessments for furnishings, finishes and fit-outs
• Potential Paths:
• Life cycle assessment (LCA) on at least two
alternative fit-outs and utilize best-run outcome
• 3rd-party peer reviewed LCA conforming to ISO
14040 and ISO 14044.
• Use of Environmental Product Declarations
(EPDs), third-party certifications, and/or LCA
analysis for materials and products
• Materials meet the emission requirements specified
using one of the following tests:
• Test method for California SP 01350
• GREENGUARD Environmental Institute Standard
Method
• 3rd party emissions certification from approved
products
� Excludes casework, cabinetry, and shelving
23
National Green Building Standard®
• Launched in 2009 as an approved ANSI Standard; updated in 2012
• Applies to residential buildings, building sites, subdivisions and renovations
• 23,412 certified projects
• Key Credits:
Source: NAHB, 2012 National Green Building Standard
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
Chapter 6: Resource
EfficiencyChapter 9: Indoor Environmental Quality
• Points earned for bio-based
materials (including
engineered wood) and use
of Life Cycle Analysis tools
• Wood Materials - applies to structural panels, countertops, composite
trim/doors, custom woodwork and or component closet shelving
– PB & MDF produced and labeled according to A208.1 and A208.2 (2
points); HWPW produced according to HPVA HP-1 (2 points)
– Meet CPA ECC standard (3 points)
– Composite wood or agrifiber panel products – NAUF or in accordance
with CARB Composite Wood regulation (4 points)
– Non-emitting products (4 points)
• Cabinets
– All parts made from solid wood or non-formaldehyde emitting
materials (5 points)
– Meet CARB Composite Wood regulation (3 points)
24
Low-Emitting Resin Technologies
• Formaldehyde-Based– Scavenger Systems
• Work with UF & MF resins
– Melamine Urea Formaldehyde• Advancements in efficiency and performance
– No-Added Urea Formaldehyde• Phenol Formaldehyde
• No-Added Formaldehyde– pMDI
– PAE-Soy
– PVA
– Other polymer systems
– Other bio-based systems
• Hybrid Systems
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.25
Formaldehyde-Based Resins
CARB Phase 2 & Federal Standard
LEED®
Green Globes®
National Green Building Standard®
2009: NC,
CI,CS, Home
2009: Schools, Retail
V.4
UF w/ New Scavenger Systems
√ X √ √ √ √
Melamine Urea Formaldehyde √ √ √ √ √ √
Melamine Formaldehyde w/ New Scavenger
Systems
√ X √ √ √ √
Phenol Formaldehyde √ √ √ √ √ √
X = does not qualify
√ = may enable compliance
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.26
CARB Phase 2 & Federal Standard
LEED®
GREEN GLOBES®
NATIONAL GREEN BUILDING STANDARD®
2009: NC,
CI,CS, Home
2009: Schools, Retail
V.4
LEAF®
C2
UF w/ Scavenger Systems
√ √ √ √ √
Melamine Urea Formaldehyde
√ √ √ √ √ √
LEAF®
ULEF
Melamine Urea Formaldehyde
√ √ √ √ √ √
MF w/ Scavenger Systems
√ √ √ √ √
Phenol Formaldehyde
√ √ √ √ √ √
LEAF® Resins may contribute
towards Green Building
√ = may enable compliance© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.
27
• Green building continued to advance during the recent
downturn in the U.S., with growth projected to continue
• Key developments at the federal and state regulatory level
continue to impact wood adhesives
• Wood products can play an important role in achieving key
green building programs’ certifications
• These green building programs continue to evolve, with
several key changes proposed for 2013-2014
• Adhesive solutions have been developed to respond to the
opportunities and challenges in green building, with further
development ongoing
References: “Green Outlook 2009” McGraw Hill Construction
Conclusions
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.28
Contact Information
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information and technical data herein is believed to be accurate. It is offered for your consideration, investigation and verification. Buyer assumes all risk of use, storage and
handling of the product. NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE WHICH ARE SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as a license to operate under or recommendation to infringe any
patents.
LEED is a trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council.
The National Green Building Standard is a trademark of the National Association of Home Builders.
Green Globes is a trademark of the Green Building Initiative, Inc..
ENERGY STAR is a trademark of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Earth Craft House is a trademark of the Greater Atlanta Home Builders Association, Inc.
Living Building Challenge is a trademark of Cascadia Region Green Building Council (Cascadia) and International Living Building Institute (ILBI).
Collaborative for High Performance Schools is a trademark of Collaborative for High Performance Schools, Inc.
The GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified AND GREENGUARD Children & Schools are certification marks used under license through the GREENGUARD Environmental
Institute.
GreenScreen is a trademark of Clean Production Action, Inc.
Unless otherwise noted, all photos are property of Georgia-Pacific LLC and GP Chemicals LLC
William Hull
Marketing Manager
Georgia-Pacific Chemicals, LLC
133 Peachtree Street, 19th Floor
Atlanta, GA 30303
404-652-4799
© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC.
All rights reserved.
Ashlee Cribb
Business Manager
Georgia-Pacific LLC
133 Peachtree Street, NE, 19th floor
Atlanta, GA 30303
404-652-4341
29