Imperialism and Imperialism and the Victorian Erathe Victorian Era

Forms of ImperialismForms of Imperialism

• ColoniesColonies• ProtectoratesProtectorates• Spheres of Spheres of

InfluenceInfluence

Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria

Colonies: Colonies: France - direct ruleFrance - direct ruleBritain - indirect ruleBritain - indirect rule

Protectorate: local rulers left in Protectorate: local rulers left in place but expected to follow the place but expected to follow the advise of European Advisors. advise of European Advisors. Cheaper then Colonies.Cheaper then Colonies.

Spheres of Influence: an area Spheres of Influence: an area where an outside power claims where an outside power claims “exclusive” investment and trade “exclusive” investment and trade privileges.privileges.

Imperialism Imperialism or or

NationalismNationalism??

In your group, In your group, decide whether the decide whether the picture depicts picture depicts imperialism or imperialism or nationalism and tell nationalism and tell why you chose as why you chose as you did.you did.

Why Imperialism-Causes Why Imperialism-Causes 19th Century-1800’s19th Century-1800’s

Empire BuildingEmpire Building EconomicsEconomics Political and Military Political and Military

InterestsInterests Power and AuthorityPower and Authority British Dominance - called British Dominance - called

the Victorian Era after the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years (page 595)for 64 years (page 595)

““The Sun Never Sets on the The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”British Empire”

Examine the map below and Examine the map below and

decide the meaning of the quote.decide the meaning of the quote.

Imperialism and Empire - AfricaImperialism and Empire - Africa Textbook – page Textbook – page

623623 1880 – Most of 1880 – Most of

Africa consisted of Africa consisted of independent independent statesstates

1914 – With the 1914 – With the exception of exception of Ethiopia and Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Liberia, all of Africa was Africa was controlled by controlled by EuropeansEuropeans

Forces Enabling African and Forces Enabling African and Indian ImperialismIndian Imperialism

European technilogical superiorityEuropean technilogical superiority• SteamboatsSteamboats• Automatic machine gunAutomatic machine gun• LocomotiveLocomotive• TelegraphTelegraph

Europeans had the means to control their Europeans had the means to control their empiresempires• Easy travelEasy travel• Wide spread communicationWide spread communication

African and Indian disunityAfrican and Indian disunity• Huge variety of culturesHuge variety of cultures• Fighting among culturesFighting among cultures• Huge business interests and support fromHuge business interests and support from

companiescompanies

British in IndiaBritish in India British East India company British East India company

controlled much of India using controlled much of India using sepoys.sepoys.

Sepoys – Native Hindu or Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim mercenary private Muslim mercenary private policepolice

Crops: opium poppies for sale Crops: opium poppies for sale in China and cotton and tea for in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British sale in the rest of the British empireempire

Cotton textile making outlawed Cotton textile making outlawed in Indiain India

India was so profitable, it was India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the called the “Jewel in the Crown.”Crown.”

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Opium production in IndiaOpium production in India

Imperialism and Empire - IndiaImperialism and Empire - India The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British

soldiers to invade and control all of soldiers to invade and control all of IndiaIndia

The British established control of The British established control of India and its neighbors by 1914.India and its neighbors by 1914.

The British controlled Australia, New The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. Zealand and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire!The worlds’ biggest empire!

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Imperialism in China Imperialism in China

Because of repeated attempts at Because of repeated attempts at invasion, China distrusted foreigners invasion, China distrusted foreigners and tried to remain isolationist.and tried to remain isolationist.

They were unsuccessful.They were unsuccessful. Britain gained spheres of influence in Britain gained spheres of influence in

China through smuggling opium. China through smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium War (page 636) and Resulted in Opium War (page 636) and Boxer Uprising. (page 638)Boxer Uprising. (page 638)

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Suez Canal - 1875Suez Canal - 1875(page 629)(page 629)

Europeans needed a faster way to Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the get from the Mediterranean to the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

The French and the Egyptians, with The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies.to connect the two water bodies.

Because Egypt could not pay their Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britainto Great Britain

1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.over control of the canal.

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.

NationalismNationalism

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

Missionary SpiritMissionary Spirit

Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.

Economic CompetitionEconomic Competition

CausesCauses

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

ColonizationColonization

Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.

ChristianizationChristianization

Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.

Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics

Effects

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.