implementation of eye blink sensor based accident ... · implementation of eye blink sensor based...

IMPLEMENTATION OF EYE BLINK SENSOR BASED ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM

G.Rajkumar1, C.Jagdeesh Vikram

2, S.Ram Kumar

3, Nizamudeen

4&Jayanth

5

1,3,4,5 B.Tech student,

2 Assistant Professor,

Department of Automobile Engineering,BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai, India

[email protected]

Abstract:Presently a day's mishaps are expanding at a

substantial pace, and different advancements are being

acquainted with diminish the mischances. In this venture we

give method for mishap counteractive action utilizing eye

squint wherein the vehicle is halted promptly and hinted

wherever required.

In this work we have two segments. One is

transmitter area which is situated in the vehicle and another

is Receiver segment situated in remote place (Police station,

close ones, and so on). In the transmitter segment the eye

squint sensor is put close to the eye to detect the flicker tally

and this data is transmitted as heartbeats and is given to the

Microcontroller. The Microcontroller utilizes this data to

contrast and the typical eye squint modified in the chip and

if any strange circumstance emerges the vehicle is ceased

with a caution sign, this operation is empowered by method

for the driver circuit associated with the vehicle engine and

the flag is transmitted by means of RF-transmitter at the

recurrence of 433.92 MHz. In the Receiver side the

transmitted flag is gotten and the flag is decoded and given

to the Microcontroller, which utilizes this data for showing

the ready message in the LCD as customized, all the while a

signal caution is given.

Introduction

“Driving to save lives, time, and money in spite of the

conditions around you and the actions of others.”-This

is the motto for Defensive Driving.Vehicle mishaps are

most basic if the driving is lacking. These occur on most

variables if the driver is sleepy or in the event that he is

alcoholic[1-6]. Driver sluggishness is perceived as an

essential consider the vehicle mishaps. It was exhibited

that driving execution decays with expanded

sluggishness with coming about accidents constituting

more than 20% of all vehicle mischances. Be that as it

may, the life lost once can't be re-winded. Propelled

innovation offers some trust keep away from these up to

some degree[7-15].

This work includes measure and controls the eye

squint utilizing IR sensor. The IR transmitter is utilized

to transmit the infrared beams in our eye. The IR

collector is utilized to get the reflected infrared beams of

eye. On the off chance that the eye is shut means the

yield of IR beneficiary is high generally the IR collector

yield is low. This to know the eye is shutting or opening

position. This yield is provide for rationale circuit to

demonstrate the caution. It additionally includes in

controlling mischance because of oblivious through Eye

flicker. Here one eye squint sensor is settled in vehicle

where in the event that anyone looses cognizant and

show through caution[16-24].

An auto test system study was intended to gather

physiological information for approval of this

innovation. Strategy for investigation of physiological

information, autonomous evaluation of driver languor

and improvement of laziness location calculation by

method for consecutive fitting and determination of

relapse models is introduced[25-29].

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 9983-9993ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

9983

Work diagram

The square chart delineates the aggregate blue print

of the proposed work[30-40]. The aggregate substance

and the working of the venture is spoken to in a solitary

piece graph. The block diagram mainly consists of 4

parts. They include

LM358 Comparator

Eye Blink Sensor

LCD

8051 Microcontroler

Buzzer

Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot

power with human locomotion is very much relevant

and important for highly populated countries like India

and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands,

temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people

move around the clock. This whole human/bioenergy

being wasted if can be made possible for utilization it

will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be

very useful energy sources in crowded countries.

Walking across a "Crowd Farm[41-46]," floor, then, will

be a fun their health by exercising in such farms w for

nearby applications

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

IR Sensing Circuit:

Infrared transmitter is one kind of LED which emanates

infrared beams by and large called as IR Transmitter.

Additionally IR Receiver is utilized to get the IR beams

transmitted by the IR transmitter. One essential point is

both IR transmitter and recipient ought to be put straight

line to each other[47-51].

The transmitted flag is given to IR transmitter at

whatever point the flag is high, the IR transmitter LED

is leading it passes the IR beams to the recipient. The IR

recipient is associated with comparator. The comparator

is built with LM 358 operational intensifier. In the

comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to

rearranging input terminal. The non-altering input

terminal is associated IR collector. At the point when

interfere with the IR beams between the IR transmitter

and beneficiary, the IR collector is not leading. So the

comparator non reversing input terminal voltage is

higher then altering input. Presently the comparator

yield is in the scope of +5V. This voltage is given to

microcontroller or PC and drove so drove will gleam.

Buzzer:

A ringer or beeper is a flagging gadget, generally

electronic, regularly utilized as a part of autos, family

unit apparatuses, for example, a microwave stove, or

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

9984

diversion appears. It most generally comprises of

various switches or sensors associated with a control

unit that figures out whether and which catch was

pushed or a preset time has slipped by, and more often

than not enlightens a light on the fitting catch or control

board, and sounds a notice as a constant or

discontinuous humming or beeping sound. At first this

gadget depended on an electromechanical framework

which was indistinguishable to an electric chime without

the metal gong (which makes the ringing commotion).

Frequently these units were secured to a divider

or roof and utilized the roof or divider as a sounding

board. Another usage with some AC-associated gadgets

was to actualize a circuit to make the AC current into a

commotion sufficiently boisterous to drive an amplifier

and connect this circuit to a modest 8-ohm speaker.

These days, it is more prominent to utilize a fired based

piezoelectric sounder like a Sonalert which makes a

sharp tone. Generally these were snared to "driver"

circuits which shifted the pitch of the sound or beat the

sound on and off.

Circuit description:

The circuit is intended to control the ringer. The

bell ON and OFF is controlled by the match of

exchanging transistors (BC 547). The ringer is

associated in the Q2 transistor authority terminal. At the

point when high heartbeat flag is given to base of the Q1

transistors, the transistor is directing and close the

authority and emitter terminal so zero signs is given to

base of the Q2 transistor. Subsequently Q2 transistor and

bell is killed state.

At the point when low heartbeat is given to base

of transistor Q1 transistor, the transistor is killed.

Presently 12v is given to base of Q2 transistor so the

transistor is leading and ringer is invigorated and creates

the sound flag.

Voltage

from MC

or PC

Transistor

O1

Transistor

Q2

Transistor

O3

1 ON OFF OFF

0 OFF ON ON

LM358 Comparator:

Description:

The LM358 consist of two independent, high gain,

internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers

which were designed specifically to operate from a

single power supply over a wide range of voltage.

Operation from split power supplies is also possible and

the low power supply current drain is independent of the

magnitude of the power supply voltage. Application

areas include transducer amplifier, DC gain blocks and

all the conventional OP-AMP circuits which now can be

easily implemented in single power supply systems.

Features:

• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain

• Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB

• Wide Power Supply Range: LM358 3V~32V (or

±1.5V~ 16V)

• Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground

• Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V DC to Vcc -1.5V DC


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• Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation.

Internal Block Diagram:

Microcontroller:

Microcontroller is a broadly useful gadget, which

coordinates some of the parts of a microchip framework

on to single chip. It has inbuilt CPU, memory and

peripherals to make it as a small scale PC. A

microcontroller joins on to a similar microchip:

The CPU core

Memory(both ROM and RAM)

Some parallel digital i/o

Microcontrollers will combine other devices such as:

A timer module to allow the microcontroller

to perform tasks for certain time periods.

A serial I/O port to allow data to flow

between the controller and other devices

such as a PIC or another microcontroller.

An ADC to allow the microcontroller to

accept analogue input data for processing.

Microcontrollers are:

Smaller in size

Consumes less power

Inexpensive

Miniaturized scale controller is a standalone

unit, which can perform works all alone with no

necessity for extra equipment like I/O ports and outside

memory. The heart of the microcontroller is the CPU

center. Previously, this has customarily been founded on

a 8-bit microchip unit. For instance Motorola utilizes an

essential 6800 microchip center in their 6805/6808

microcontroller gadgets. In the late years,

microcontrollers have been created around particularly

planned CPU centers, for instance the microchip PIC

scope of microcontrollers.

AT89C51 is the 40 pins, 8 bit Microcontroller

manufactured by Atmel group. It is the flash type

reprogrammable memory. Advantage of this flash

memory is we can erase the program within few

minutes. It has 4kb on chip ROM and 128 bytes internal

RAM and 32 I/O pin as arranged as port 0 to port 3 each

has 8 bit bin .Port 0 contain 8 data line(D0-D7) as well

as low order address line(AO-A7).

Port 2 contain higher order address line (A8-

A15). Port 3 contains special purpose register such as

serial input receiver register SBUF, interrupt

INT0,INT1 and timers T0 , T1 many of the pins have

multi functions which can be used as general purpose

I/O pins (or) Special purpose function can be decided by

the programmer itself.

Features:

4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash

MemoryEndurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

Three-Level Program Memory Lock

128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM


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32 Programmable I/O Lines

Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters

Six Interrupt Sources

Programmable Serial Channel

Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes

PIN DIAGRAM OF 89C51

A LCD comprises of two glass boards, with the fluid

precious stone material sand witched in the middle of

them. The internal surface of the glass plates are covered

with straightforward anodes which characterize the

character, images or examples to be shown polymeric

layers are available in the middle of the terminals and

the fluid precious stone, which makes the fluid gem

particles to keep up a characterized introduction edge.

One every polarisers are stuck outside the two glass

boards. These polarisers would pivot the light beams

going through them to a positive edge, in a specific

direction.When the LCD is in the off state, light beams

are turned by the two polarisers and the fluid precious

stone, to such an extent that the light beams leave the

LCD with no introduction, and henceforth the LCD

seems straightforward.

At the point when adequate voltage is connected

to the terminals, the fluid precious stone particles would

be adjusted in a particular course. The light beams going

through the LCD would be turned by the polarisers,

which would bring about actuating/highlighting the

fancied characters.

The LCD's are lightweight with just a couple of

millimeters thickness. Since the LCD's devour less

power, they are good with low power electronic circuits,

and can be fueled for long lengths.

The LCD's don't produce light thus light is

expected to peruse the show. By utilizing backdrop

illumination, perusing is conceivable oblivious. The

LCD's have long life and a wide working temperature

extend. Changing the show measure or the design size is

generally basic which makes the LCD's more client well

disposed.

POWER SUPPLY:

The power supply circuits fabricated utilizing channels,

rectifiers, and afterward voltage controllers. Beginning

with an air conditioner voltage, a relentless dc voltage is

gotten by redressing the air conditioner voltage, then

separating to a dc level, lastly, managing to acquire a

sought settled dc voltage. The control is normally gotten

from an IC voltage controller unit, which takes a dc

voltage and gives a fairly bring down dc voltage, which

continues as before regardless of the possibility that the

information dc voltage fluctuates, or the yield stack

associated with the dc voltage changes. The square chart

of force supply is appeared in fig beneath.

Transformer


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The potential transformer will venture down the power

supply voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. At that point

the optional of the potential transformer will be

associated with the accuracy rectifier, which is

developed with the assistance of op–amp. The benefits

of utilizing exactness rectifier are it will give top voltage

yield as DC, rest of the circuits will give just RMS yield.

Bridge rectifier

Bridge rectifier is utilized to keep up the best

possible DC extremity at the contribution to the circuit,

regardless of phone line extremity. It involves four

diodes associated with frame a scaffold. It utilizes the

whole AC wave (both positive and negative segments).

1.4V is spent in the scaffold rectifier in light of the fact

that every diode utilizes 0.7V when directing and there

are constantly two diodes leading, as appeared in fig

underneath.

IC Voltage Regulators:

Voltage regulators involve a class of broadly

utilized ICs. Controller IC units contain the hardware for

reference source, comparator speaker, control gadget,

and over-burden security all in a solitary IC. Despite the

fact that the inside development of the IC is to some

degree not quite the same as that portrayed for discrete

voltage controller circuits, the outside operation is much

the same. IC units give control of either a settled

positive voltage, a settled negative voltage, or a

customizable set voltage.

Three terminal Voltage Regulators:

It demonstrates the fundamental association of a

three-terminal voltage controller IC to a heap. The

settled voltage controller has an unregulated dc input

voltage, Vin, connected to one information terminal, a

managed yield dc voltage, Vout, from a moment

terminal, with the third terminal associated with ground.

Introduction to Micro vision Keil (IDE)

Keil is a cross compiler. So first we have to

understand the concept of compilers and cross

compilers. After then we shall learn how to work with

keil.

Concept of compiler:

Compilers are projects used to change over a High Level

Language to protest code. Desktop compilers deliver a

yield question code for the fundamental chip, yet not

for different microchips. I.E the projects written in one

of the HLL like "C" will assemble the code to keep

running on the framework for a specific processor like

x86 (hidden chip in the PC). For instance compilers for

Dos stage is not quite the same as the Compilers for

Unix stage.

Keil C cross compiler:

Keil is a German based Software development company.

It provides several development tools like

IN

OUT

7805

GND


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• IDE (Integrated Development environment)

• Project Manager

• Simulator

• Debugger

• C Cross Compiler, Cross Assembler,

Locator/Linker

Keil Software provides you with software development

tools for the 8051 family of microcontrollers. With these

tools, you can generate embedded applications for the

multitude of 8051 derivatives. Keil provides following

tools for 8051 development

1. C51 Optimizing C Cross Compiler,

2. A51 Macro Assembler,

3. 8051 Utilities (linker, object file converter, library manager),

4. Source-Level Debugger/Simulator,

5. µVision for Windows Integrated Development Environment.

The keil 8051 tool kit includes three main tools,

assembler, compiler and linker. An assembler is used to

assemble your 8051 assembly program. A compiler is

used to compile your C source code into an object file. A

linker is used to create an absolute object module

suitable for your in-circuit emulator. 8051 project

development cycle: - these are the steps to develop 8051

project using keil

1. Create source files in C or assembly.

2. Compile or assemble source files.

3. Correct errors in source files.

4. Link object files from compiler and assembler.

5. Test linked application.

Conclusion:

This work is utilized to give the simple access to keep

up the participation. In this venture RFID card is utilized

as representative or understudy ID card. This work is

exceptionally helpful to the organization and office with

a specific end goal to keep up the worker participation.

Participation is kept up in the information base in PC. So

we can without much of a stretch cross confirm the

participation. In this venture we can keep up the

representative IN and Out time. We can likewise utilize

this work in school and school to keep up the

participation of the understudy. So this work enhances

the security execution since we can't make the copy

RFID card.

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implementation of eye blink sensor based accident ... · implementation of eye blink sensor based...

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