implementing an effective congestion management process
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Implementing an Effective Congestion Management Process. Development Framework Frankfort, KY August 21, 2008. Learning Objectives. Highlight integration of planning process and management and operations objectives Discuss the CMP eight step process Highlight good practice for each step - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Implementing an Effective Congestion Management Process
Development Framework
Frankfort, KYAugust 21, 2008
Learning Objectives
Highlight integration of planning process and management and operations objectives
Discuss the CMP eight step process Highlight good practice for each step Focus on performance measures, strategies
and evaluation techniques
CMS to CMP in 8 Steps or Less
2. Area of Application
3. System Definition
(modes & network)
4.PerformanceMeasures
5. PerformanceMonitoring
Plan
6. Identification/ Evaluation ofStrategies
7. Implementation & Management
8. Monitor Strategy Effectiveness
1. Develop Regional Operations Objectives
1. Develop Regional Operations Objectives
CMP in TMA’s shall provide for effective management and operations to address congestion management.
CMP should be part of developing the Plan and TIP
Steps in Development of Regional Operations Objectives
Consider 8 Planning Factors in creating regional goals
Develop objectives relating to goal achievement
Ensure measurability and outcomes Foster coordination with stakeholders
The 8 Steps of the CMP Framework
Define Congestion for your area
Definitions
• Goals: Generalized statements which broadly relate the physical environment to values
• Objectives: Specific, measurable statements related to the attainment of goals
Goal C
Objective C-1 Objective C-3Objective C-2
Start with Goals and Objectives
Be SMART about Objectives
Specific Measurable Agreed Realistic Time-bound
Objectives-Driven Planning
Objectives = specific, measurable statements, based on goals, relating to the attainment of system performance
Examples (all relating to a goal of congestion reduction):
• Over the next 3-5 years, reduce the clearance time of traffic incidents on freeways and major arteries in the region from a current average of X minutes to an average of Y minutes.
• Over the next 3-5 years, reduce the variability in travel time on freeways and major arteries in the region such that 95% of trips (19 out of 20) have travel times no more than 1.5 times the average travel time for a specific time of day.
• By 2012, enhance connectivity among transit services so that transfers between transit modes (rail, bus) and operators are seamless and can occur with one “smart card”
North Jersey MPO Example
CMP Performance Goals Strategy Analysis
– Examination of CMP-related projects– Prioritization of new strategies and projects for the
Regional Transportation Plan– Identification of new strategies and projects for
implementation by appropriate agencies
Eight Goal Categories(district based)
Accessibility Reliability Sustainability Intermodality
Highway Mobility Transit Mobility Walk/Bike Mobility Freight Mobility
CMP Integration w/Plan & TIP
Common set of performance measures with Plan and TIP and regional operations and management strategies
Common set of goals and objectives with Plan and TIP and regional operations and management strategies
CMP/Planning Process Relationships
Regional ITS Architecture TIP project selection criteria NEPA documentation
2. Define Area of Application
What geographic area?– Entire TMA boundary– Planning boundary (model network)
What level of network facilities?– Highway Facilities (Interstate, Arterials, Collectors,
etc.)– Transit Routes– Freight Corridors, Intermodal Connectors
CMP Process – Step 1Defining the System
Define the Transportation Modes Congestion Identification will be limited to roadway congestion for this
report.
Congestion Solutions, however, will include all modes
Source: Wilmapco
3. Define System Characteristics
Multimodal in Nature Corridors, Activity Centers, Hot Spots What level of network facilities?
– Highway Facilities (Interstate, Arterials, Collectors, etc.)
– Transit Routes
CMPDefining the System
Define the Transportation Network
CMP Network consists of all roads in the region with functional classification of Minor Arterial and higher (plus some additional roads suggested by the CMP Subcommittee).
Source: Wilmapco
CMP Network – Hampton Roads, VA MPO
CMP network includes all minor arterials and above, as well as selected collectors
Over 1,500 roadway segments (1,300 centerline miles)
CMP network = Long range planning network CMP database includes various traffic
characteristics for each roadway segment
Objectives need performance measures
They reveal the extent to which alternative actions or plans will lead to the
attainment of an objective
Goal C
Objective C-1
PM
C1a
PM
C1b
PM
C1c
4. Develop the Performance Measures
Build a Hierarchy
CMP & Performance Measures
Measure the Extent of Congestion Evaluate Strategy Effectiveness Establish in a Cooperative Fashion
Federal Requirements
Selecting Measures
Be Measurable Have a clear and intuitive meaning Be comparable across time and geographical
areas (facilities,corridors, subareas) Have a relationship to actual system
operations Provide for cost-effective data collection
Application of Measures
Facility Corridor Subarea Forecastable
Performance Measures
Travel Time– Average Travel Time (LOS, contours, etc.)– Average Peak Period Travel Time by Functional
Class– Origin/Destination Travel Time– Percent of Time Average Speed Below– Average Travel Speed
Congestion Analysis – Hampton Roads
Morning and afternoon peak hour LOS determined for CMS network– Three time periods analyzed
ExistingTIP programmed projects (6 year horizon)Long range (20+ year horizon)
Map 112003 Existing PM
Peak Hour Congestion LevelPeninsula South
Joins Map 9 – Peninsula North
Joins Map 13 – Southside West Joins Map 15 – Southside East
Performance Measures (2)
Delay– Number of Delays per Trip– Percent Incident Delays per VMT– Annual Vehicle Delay Due to Recurring Congestion– Annual Vehicle Delay Due to Incidents
Performance Measures (3)
Capacity– Volume of Traffic vs. Capacity by Functional
Classification– Congestion Index– VMT/Lane Mile
V/C Ratios – good for small TMAs
Wilmapco, DE Syracuse, NY Providence, RI
Potential Truck-Related Measures
Percent Truck VMT by Congestion Level Spot Delay Measures (e.g.,weigh stations) Average Truck Trip Time and Distance
Freight-related Good Practice
Puget Sound Regional Council (Seattle) - CMP addresses incident management response on prioritized truck routes
Metroplan Orlando – designates truck routes and tracks congestion separately
Potential Transit Operational Measures
Passengers/revenue vehicle mile Passenger/revenue vehicle hour Peak Passengers/seat Average vehicle speed/travel time per mile Percentage of on-time arrivals
Transit-related Good Practice
Wilmapco (Wilmington, DE) – adding performance measure “transit load factor”
Model-related Measures
Number & Percentage Miles Congested Number & Percentage Lane-Miles Congested Number & Percentage of VMT Congested Average Vehicle Speed (VMT/VHT) Number & Percentage PMT Congested Average Person Speed (PMT/PHT)
Performance Measures Linkage
PerformanceMeasures
• Crashes per VMT
• Crashes per capita
• Hours of delay
• Congestion index
Objective Reduce rate of motor vehicle crashes
Decrease travel times for commuting
Safety Mobility
Goal Ensure high standards of safety in the system
Provide access to jobs, housing, and economic activities
CMPCongestion Definition & Identification
Developing Performance Measures
1. Roadway Volume/Capacity Ratio
2. Intersection Level of Service
3. Percent Under Posted Speed
Source: Wilmapco
5. Develop Performance Monitoring Plan
What data is/will be available?– Travel surveys– Traffic counts– HPMS– ITS detection– Aerial surveys– Speed data collection
CMP Data – Hampton Roads MPO
CMP database includes various traffic characteristics for each roadway segment
– Daily volumes– Roadway characteristics– Peak hour data
– Truck data– Travel time data– GIS data
GPS receiver:GPS receiver: data collectiondata collection• Easy to use
• Small & simple to use (1 button)• Place on dashboard, • No antenna required• PDA not needed for simple runs
• Good accuracy (good matches to GIS data)
• Inexpensive:• $180 including PDA software• Purchased 6 units for CRCOG• Up to 6 different staff members
• Ample capacity• Stores 50,000 data points (>24 hrs)
• Battery: 8 hours before recharging
Other equipment tested:
• More features• Too expensive
($1500)• Too bulky• Too hard to use• Operator error• Not ‘hands free’
Stopped at back of queue
Stopped in queue
Traffic signal
Taking a closer look at plotted dataTaking a closer look at plotted data
6. Identify and Evaluate Strategies
Establish “toolbox” of available strategies Inventory available analytical tools Evaluate strategies for feasibility at congested
locations Develop short-list for implementation or further
study
Consider Strategy Impacts
Implementation Difficulty Social Impacts Air Quality Impacts Environmental Impacts Safety Impacts
CMP Toolbox of Strategies
Demand management measures Operational improvements Capacity Expansion
Demand Management Strategies
Transit/Ridesharing Improvements Non-motorized travel options Alternative work hours Travel behavior modification Pricing Land use management
Operational Improvements
Traffic Engineering Improvements Incident Management Transit Service Improvements Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
technologies High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes
Land Use Management
Smart Growth Strategies– Mixed Use Development– In-fill Development– Nontraditional Modes– Access Management
Supply Management
Traffic Engineering Improvements Incident Management Transit Service Improvements Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
technologies High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes
Travel Behavior Modification
Employer Support Programs Alternative Work Schedules Teleworking Financial Incentives Congestion Pricing
New Capacity
In TMAs designated as non-attainment for ozone or carbon monoxide, significant additional capacity for SOVs requires additional analysis demonstrating the extra capacity is warranted!
Traffic Signal System Improvement Program
Area faced poorly timed & coordinated systems across jurisdiction lines,
MPO with local cities’ traffic engineers creates 6 year work program, updated every 4 years,
Funded by CMAQ,
MPO Program staffed by 3 Engineers & 3 Technicians.
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Sample Analytical Activities
Identify Existing and Future Congestion Identify congestion problems and causes Evaluate demand management strategies Evaluate operational management strategies Predict system performance Evaluate SOV capacity expansion Evaluate strategy effectiveness
Congestion Analysis – Hampton Roads MPO
Identified congested locations Created a congestion mitigation “toolbox” Recommended congestion management strategies for
those locations without funded improvements Results incorporated into long range planning process Results also used in CMAQ and RSTP project selection
CMP Evaluation Tools
Empirical Data
Travel Demand Model
Arterial/Intersection Simulation
TDM Model
Land Use Model
Highway Capacity Manual
7. Implementation and Management
MPO coordinates with project sponsors to select appropriate implementation strategies
Categorize selected strategies as short-term or long-term in scope of completion
CMP outcomes reflected in LRP updates and TIP project selection
8. Monitor Strategy Effectiveness
Evaluate effectiveness of implemented strategies in context of performance measures
Document successes/failures Feedback to beginning steps of CMP for future
iterations
Data Collection Needs
Traffic Counts Screenline Counts Toll Counts Transit Boarding Counts Travel Times Vehicle Occupancy Crash Locations
Traffic Data
Total Volume Bus Volume Truck Volume Auto Occupancy Bus Load Factor Average Link Speed
Example Benefits of Operations and Management
Example Strategy
Freeway Management
Arterial Operations
Benefits
Ramp metering in Minneapolis: 22% decrease in mainline travel times
Adaptive signal controls/Canadian cities: delay decreases from 15-40%
Incident management such as Seattle, DC, San Antonio: reduced clearance times of 20-50%; reduced secondary accidents by 30%
Big I project/Albuquerque: reduced average clearance times by 44%
Incident Management
Construction Work Zone Traffic Management
Traveler Information
RWIS
Simulations show reductions in travel time of 1-3 percent
An anti-icing program Idaho reduced accident frequencies by 83%
Big Picture Thoughts
Outline Tasks in UPWP
Develop integration with planning process Continue to monitor the CMP network Review performance measures for CMP
network Select high priority corridor(s), isolated
intersections, etc. for further review Perform additional data collection for priority
review locations
Guidance for Staff CMP Efforts
MPO policy board committee MPO technical committee MPO technical sub-committee Special Task Force Citizen’s Advisory Group
Summary – CMP Framework
1. Regional Operations Objectives
2. Area of Application
3. Networks
4. Performance Measures
5. Monitor/Analyze Performance
6. Identify/Assess Strategies
7. Implement and Management
8. Monitor Effectiveness
Resources
“Congestion Management Process (CMP) Innovations: A Menu of Options”
Prepared for NY State Association of MPO’s
Prepared by ICF Consulting – February 24, 2006
www.nysmpos.org/sci/cms/index.htm
Resources
FHWA CMP and M&O Guidebooks Office of Planning, Environment and Realty
– Planning for Operations– www.plan4operations.dot.gov
CMP Case Studies
WILMPACO http://www.wilmapco.org Hampton Roads Planning District Commission http://www.hrpdc.org North Jersey MPO http://www.njtpa.org
For further information contact:
Brian Betlyon
Metropolitan Planning Specialist
FHWA Resource Center
Phone (410) 962-0086
CMP Perfection???