implementing climate-smart agriculture
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van Asten P. 2014. Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Contents: 1. CCAFS – what we do 2. What is CSA in the African context 3. Best bet CSA technologies 4. CSA services and approaches 5. How can we identify the priorities? 6. Collaborative possibilitiesTRANSCRIPT
Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture
Piet van Asten, Climate Change Contact Point IITA
1. CCAFS – what we do
2. What is CSA in the African context
3. Best bet CSA technologies
4. CSA services and approaches
5. How can we identify the priorities?
6. Collaborative possibilities
1. Climate-Smart technologies, practices, and portfolios
3. Low emissions development
4. Policies and institutions for climate-resilient food systems
2. Climate information services and climate-informed safety nets
#1. Outcome orientated• E.g. research measured by
tracking development targets not publications
• Well developed theories of change
#2. Partnership focussed• Involves all 15 CGIAR
Centres and non-CGIAR Centres
• Development partners are crucial for success
#3. Major focus on gender and social inequality• 10% of the budget to make
sure that technologoes and approaches empower marginalised groups and women
Inve
stm
ent
Working with partners to change opinions and worldviews
Working with partners to
understand what works
Working with partners to make
it happen
Research evidencePolicy and
Institutional Change
CSA implementation
#4. Part of the development process
2. What is Climate-Smart Agriculture?
services
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA)
landscapes
crops
livestock
fish
food system
policies
peatlands
seascapes
forests
3. Best bet CSA technologies – EXAMPLES
Highly context specific
•Increased income Enhanced food security
•Diversification Decreases drought impacts
•More carbon in the system
Coffee-banana intercropping
Keep flooded for 1st 15 days and at Flowering Irrigate when water drops to15 cm below the surface
Summer/ Autumn
Winter/ Spring
30% water
20-50% GHG
Without compromising yield
Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying (AWD)
Principles: 1. Minimum soil 2. Retention of crop
residues or other soil surface cover
3. Use of crop rotations
Conservation Agriculture
Reduces soil erosion by up to 80%
Reduces loss of soil organic carbon
Buffers against drought
Country Area under
CA (1000 ha)CA as % of arable land*
Zimbabwe 332 8.3%
Zambia 200 5.6%
Mozambique 152 2.7%
Malawi 65 1.7%
Kenya 33 0.6%
Tanzania 25 0.2%
Source: FAO Conservation Agriculture Program and FAOSTAT, 2014
Conservation Agriculture
Conservation Agriculture – tailoring to social context
Farmer type 1 – hand hoes
Farmer type 2 – ox ploughs
Step 1 Planting basins or pointed stick for planting directly into residues
Tillage only in narrow furrows
Some form of mechanical weeding or introduce herbicides if market available
Step 2 Graduate from hand hoes to jab planters if market can supply, or access contracting services
Replace plough with no-till direct seeders
Jab plantersPhoto: J. Kienzle/FAO
No-till direct seederPhoto: T. Lumpkin/CIMMYT
Planting basinsPhoto: ICRISAT
Tillage in narrow furrowsPhoto: CFU
NIGERBringing back the Sahel’s ‘underground forest’
5 million ha of land restored, over 200 million trees re-established
•Additional half a million tonnes of grain per year
•Reduces drought impacts
•Sequestration of carbon in soil and trees
AFRICADrought-tolerant maize boosts food security
DTMA has developed 100 new varieties released across 13 countries; 2 million smallholders•Yields up to 35% more grain
•Resilience to drought
• Reduces need to use more land
2010/11 2012 20130
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Not introduced any new animal types or breeds
Introduced 1 or 2 new animal types and/or new breeds
Introduced 3 or more new animal types and/or new breeds
Perc
enta
ge H
Hs
n=140 n=320
Pure Red Maasai Sheep and Red Maasai Sheep Crosses
Pure Galla goats and Galla goat crosses
n=200
Hardy Animals in Nyando, Climate-Smart Villages, KenyaOutcomes, 2011 to 2013; ILRI and partners
• (33%) more HHs introduced 3 or more new animal types in 2012 compared to (20%) in 2013 I relation to the baseline year of 2010/11.• In 2013, 61% of households applied the changes to resilient galla goats (tolerate heat, fast growth rate, mature early) as compared to
(48%) to the hardy Red Maasai sheep (tolerate heat, better withstand parasite load, fast growth rate).• Adoption of these changes has led to an increase, adding nearly 1,000 improved crosses to the local small ruminant population in 7
villages in Nyando
4. CSA services and approaches
Seasonal weather forecasts in Senegal
15 community radio stations 2 million farmers get forecastsbetter food security outcomes
Index-based insurance
• Allows for rapid pay-outs when the level of a weather indicator hits a certain value
• Needs good local weather data• Can be linked to input markets (e.g. Insurance
paid on input purchases)• Can be cell phone linked (pyaments and
payouts)
Index-based insurance
Climate information
services
Climate-smart
technologies
Local adaptation
plans
• Learning sites• Multiple partners
• Policy• Private sector• Development
initiatives
Climate-smart villages
Local adaptation planning: One women’s present is another women’s future
1. Identify climate analogues
2. Farmer-to-farmer visits
Getting the message out: ag advisories
19951999
20032007
20112015
20192023
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Food demandGrain yield per haGDP Cell phone penetration
Rel
ative
201
2 =
100%
Global Harvest Initiative 2013FAOSTATWorld Bank/Standard CharteredGSMA/Deloitte
Sub-Saharan Africa
5. How can identify the priorities
Prioritisation process being tested
in Mali
Agroforestry
Manure Management
Pasture Management
Integrated Nutrient
ManagementINM
Compendium Information at present…
+ Location (coordinates, country, temp., agroecological zone)+ System / treatment (Confinement, pasture, comprehensive,)18
23
54
73
168
+ Livestock (Dairy cattle, swine, coats, poultry, etc)+ Gases Values (Gg CO2eq, GgN2O, Biogas m3)
+ Location (coordinates, country, temp., agroecological zone)+ System/ treatments (pasture, integrated, economic condition, etc)+ Livestock (type, number, landholding)+Gases/Fertilizers (inputs fertilization, C sequestered /emission)
+ Location (coordinates, country, temp., MAP)+ Soil (classification, texture, % sand/clay/silt )+ Food production (test crop, yield Kg/ha)+ Gases emissions (kind, net balance)
+ Location (coordinates, country, agroecological zone)+ AFS (associated species, soil parameters )+ Physical resilience (indicator and Quantity )
Country profiles
CSA Practice Briefs
6. Collaborative possibilities
• To be a knowledge partner on major development initiatives
• To listen so we do the research that matters to you
• How can we back-stop development efforts?• What are your priority needs for moving CSA
forward?
Our vision
Our questions
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