RATIONAL USE OF PHYTO MEDICINES IN VETERINARY

PRACTICE

Introduction

Plants Utilized by man to meet his daily requirements

plus health care. Plants, plant extracts or plant-derived pure

chemicals to treat disease/ abnormal condition Active principle/ Chemial constituents

contributing to medicinal properties- Vegetable bases, Alkaloids, Glucosides, Saponins, Proteins,Resins, Flavonoids, Tannins etc.

Different plant parts as drugs

Bark Root/Rhizome Bulb Leaf Flower and Flowering bud Fruit Seeds Whole plant/ Aeril Part drugs

Classification First generation phytomedicines simple botanicals employed in more or less their crude form

based on empirical evidence of their clinical application by traditional societies from different parts of the world.

Second-generation pure molecules and were even more pharmacologically active

than their synthetic counterparts. Eg: quinine from Cinchona, reserpine from Rauwolfia, and more recently taxol from Taxus species.

Third Generation conducting a clinical evaluation of the treatment modalities and

therapy as administered by traditional doctors or as used by the community as folk medicine. This evaluation is then followed by acute and chronic toxicity studies in animals.

Considerations

Not commonly used in eye and ear infections as well as in endo-and ectoparasitoses

Often used in diseases of the liver, joints, kidneys, heart and skin.

More frequently applied in chronic diseases as well as secondary medication, whereas the time of treatment usually exceeds one month. .

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages cheaper, less side effects acceptance of the pet-owners minimal drug residue drug resistance problems suitable for skin diseases, worms, wounds, reproductive

disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and mild diarrhoeaDisadvantages lack of wide information. less suitable to control and treat epidemic and endemic

infectious diseases and acute life-threatening bacterial infections.

not as fast-working and potent as allopathic medicines.

PHYTOMEDICINES OF VETERINARY THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE

Acacia catechu Catechu (Kachu,kadira)

Astringent, Antimicrobial

Acacia senegal Acacia, Hirijali

Burn,epistaxis Antinflammatory

Aegle marmelos (Bela, bilva)

Antidiarrhoeal Antibacterial Antimycotic Maggot wound

Allium sativum (Garlic, bellulli)

Bacteriostatic Digestive

Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis

(lole rasa) Purgative Sunheat burns Radiation Dermatitis

Alpinia galanga (Kulinjana, Gandhamula)

Carminative Bronchial stimulant Antirheumatic

Andrographis paniculata (Kiratha kaddi, Nela mevu Kala megha)

o Bronchitiso Diarrhoeao Dermatitis

o Hepatoprotective

Anethum sowa Dill(sabbaki)

Carminative Diuretic

Annona squamosa (Custard apple,Amrithaphala, seethaphala)

Insecticidal Spasmogenic Oxytocic Antiseptic Antinematodal

Antidesama menasu (Kadivala soppu,Kurala soppu)

Antiinflammatory Diuretic Scabies

Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari, Shatamuli, jattige beru, narayani)

Galactogogue Antispasmodic Nervine tonic Antibacterial Threatened abortion

Azadirachta indica (Bevu , Kahi Bevu)

Antiviral, Antifungal Larvicidal Anticancer Antiandrogenic

Berberis aristata (Bagisutra,Kadumandara)

Dermatitis Dysentry Anticancer Conjunctivitis Diuretic Laxative Jaundice

Antibacterial Expectorant Diuretic Styptic Anti convulasant Hepatoprotective

Boerhaavia diffusa (Hog weed Komme gida, Gana Jali, Thoppalu)

Capsicum frutescens (Menasinakai)

Carminative Counter irritant Rubefacient

Cassia alata (Aanethajanku, aane chagthe)

Pruritus Antibacterial Dermatitis Warts Wound

Centella asiatica Brahmi(saraswathisoppu,timare)

Antirhuematic Antispasmodic Antiseptic Sedative Nervine tonic Memory enhancer

Cinnamomum camphora Camphor (karpura)

Rubefacient Expectorant Antiseptic

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Cinnamon (dalchinni)

Carminative Styptic Antifungal

Citrullus colocynthis Colocynth (Doddahale)

Purgative Abnormal foetal

presentation

Citrus aurantfolia (Nimbu, cherunarangi)

Antibacterial Expectorant Dermatitis

Citrus limon (Pectin)

Antibacterial Astringent Antiasthma Colic

Clerodendrum serratum (Kari tekki, Gantu barangi)

Sedative Analgesic Antihistaminic

Colious ambainicus (Sambrani ele, Doddapatre Karpuravalli)

Antibacterial Carminative Expectoreant Dermatitis Antiasthma

Coriander sativum

(Kottambari)

Carminative Antibacterial

Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin,Kumbala, Boodukumbala)

Postpartum uterine bleeding

Taenicide Fungicidal

Cuminum cyminum (Jeerige)

Antibacterial Carminative spasmolytic

Curcuma amada (Karpura arishina, Mavu Shunti)

Antipyretic Laxative Carminative Dermatitis Contusion Sprain

Curcuma longa Turmeric (Arasina)

Antiinflammatory Antibacterial Antiviral Antiprotozoal Antioxidant Hepatoprotective

Ficus hispida (Adavipatti)

Epistaxis Expectorant Emetic Drying milk

Ficus racemosa (Attimara, Kollakitu)

Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Antidiarrhoeal Threatened abortion Hemoptysis

Gardenia resinefera (Kunte, Dikka mali)

Antiseptic Astringent Antirheumatic Hepatoprotective

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice,jeshtamadhu)

Antinflammatory Expectorant Antiarthritc Purgative Diuretic

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Kempu Dasavala, Bili Dasavala)

Oestrogenic Hemostatic Anodyne Expulsion of placenta Constipation Pruritus Spsmolytic

Leucas aspera (Thumbe)

Scabies Antipyretic Insecticidal

Mentha arvensis Mentha oil (pudina)

Counterirritant Antipruritic Flavouring

Myristica fragrans Nutmeg (Pathre,jayikayi)

Carminative Flavoring

Ocimum sanctum Tulasi

Antibacterial Antiprotozoal Expectorant Carminative Immunostimulant Antiulcerogenic Insecticidal

Phyllanthus emblica (Nellikai, Dodda nelli)

Antiviral Expectorant Carminative Hepatoprotective

Picrorrhiza kurroa (Katuka, katukarohini,)

Stomachic Cholagogue Febrifuge Tonic Hepatoprotective

Pimpinella anisum (Kadu oma, kadu sompu)

Colic Carminative

Piper cubeba (Balamenasu)

Urinary antiseptic Cough

Piper longum (Long pepper,Hippali,thippali)

Carminative Sedative Purgative Cough Bioenhancer

Piper nigrum (Pepper, Kalumenasu, karimenasu)

Carminative Antiseptic Rubefacient Sialogogue Abortive

Plantago ovata (Isapgol, isagolu)

Bulk Laxative

Pongamia pinnata (Honge mara)

Dermatitis Mange Antibacterial Laxative

Expectorant Astringent

Prunus serotina (Wild cheery bark ,cheery hannu)

Putranjiva roxburghhi (Amani, Kalada mani, Putranjeeva)

Diuretic Laxative Refrigerant

Saraca asoka

(Asoka)

Astringent Tocolytic Scabies

Sida cordifolia (Chikana, Beda, Bala)

Demulcents Tenesmus Colic

Syzygium aromaticum ( clove, lavanga)

Carminative Antiseptic Rubefacient Diuretic Febrifuge Gum and teeth

strengthner

Astringent Antibacterial Dermatitis Gum and teeth

strengthener

Syzygium cumini (Nerale, Jambu Nerale)

Antibacterial Diuretic Liverstimulant Antipyretic Dermatitis

Tephrosia purpurea

(Koggili, Vajradanti, Vajranili)

Terminalia bellirica (Thouri, tare vriksha)

Antimalarial Purgative Antimycotic Anodyne Laxative

Terminalia chebula (Alale kaayi, arale kaayi, hari taki)

Expectorant Anodyne Hepatoprotective Dermatitis

Terminalis arjuna (Arjuna ,Bilimathi)

Astringent Febrifuge

Tinospora cordifolia (Amruta Balli, Madhu parni)

Spsmolytic Antirheumatic Diuretic Antiinflammatory Urolitholytic

Expectorant Dermatitis

Urginea maritime (Adaviyerulli)

Woodfordia fruiticosa (Dhataki, arethamrapusti)

Antibacterial Antifungal Uterine sedative Hepatoprotective

Zingiber officinale (Ginger, Shunti)

Carminative Antiemetic

Zizyphus mauritiana (Elachi, badari, challe)

Purgative Styptic Colic Antipyretic Stomatitis Wound