improved backyard poultry production · fisheries’ poultry working group. dr bewket’s...
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IMPROVED BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION FIRST MEETING OF THE MICRO-POULTRY GROUP
HARMONY HOTEL, ADDIS ABABA
2ND NOVEMBER 2016
TheAKLDPprojectundertakesasetofstructuredlearningandcoordinationactivitiesbasedonpolicyandprogrammingissuesthathavebeenprioritizedwithUSAIDandtheGovernmentofEthiopia.Specifically,theAKLDPprovidescoordinationandtechnicalsupporttoguideimprovementsinUSAIDagriculturalprogrammingandtosupportnationaldevelopmentpoliciesandstrategies—particularlythosegearedtowardsassistingpoorerhouseholdstobenefitfromagriculturalandfoodsecurityinvestment.AkeytaskoftheAKLDPistheorganizationofregularmeetings,fieldvisitsandinformationsharingeventsforcollaborativelearninggroups,whilstensuringthemainstreamingofthesenetworkswithingovernmentstructures.TheMicro-PoultryGrouphelditslaunchmeetinginNovember2016.Theseproceedingsprovidesummariesofthreepresentationsthatweremadeduringthehalf-daymeetingheldattheHarmonyHotelandhighlightsofthekeyoutputsofthegroupdiscussions.Forfurtherinformationpleasecontact:AdrianCullis(AKLDP)[email protected]
Summaryofthemeeting
A. Meetingagenda
AdrianCullis,AKLDPCoP,welcomedtheparticipantsandprovidedabriefintroductiontotheroleoftheAKLDPandtheimportanceofthepoultryinthelivesandlivelihoodsofmanyruralhouseholds.AlistofthemeetingparticipantsisincludedatAnnex1.Threepresentationswerethenmadecoveringan:OverviewofthepoultrysectorandtheMinistryofLivestockandFisheries’PoultryWorkingGroup;ExperiencewithImprovedBackyardPoultryProductioninChronicallyFoodInsecureworedas;andExperiencesfromHaramayaUniversityonImprovedFamilyPoultry.Aquestionandanswersessionfollowedthepresentationsandthenaperiodoftimeallocatedforgroupdiscussiononhowtofurtherdeveloptheevidence-baseofgoodpracticeinthepoultrysector.AcopyoftheagendaisatAnnex2.
B.Meetingbackground
From11thto14thJuly2016,theAKLDPprovidedsupporttotheMinistryofLivestockandFisheriesforanactionplanningmeetingtoestablishacollaborativelearninggrouponpoultryproduction–ThePoultryWorkingGroup.Thedraftactionplanforthegroupwassubsequentlypresentedandendorsedatasecondmeetingheldonthe28thJuly.Informedbytheparticipant’sinputs,theactionplanwasfinalised.TheactionplanisincludedatAnnex3.
OneofthefirstactionsundertakenbythegrouphasbeenthedevelopmentofaquestionnaireforabaselinesurveyoncommercialpoultryproductioninEthiopia.On21stSeptembereightspecialistsfromtheEthiopianInstituteAgriculturalResearchInstitute(EIAR)andMoLFwereprovidedwithtrainingatMoLFinordertoundertakeatechnicalcapacityperformancereviewofcommercialpoultryfarmsinEthiopia.Thetraineesconductedapre-teston23rdSeptemberbeforebeingdeployedtothefield.Onbehalfofthegroup,theAKLDPalsopreparedashortconceptnotetoorganizeNationalEggDay,‘EggMatters:aneggaday-anaffordableapproachtoaddressmalnutrition’.ThiseventtookplaceinearlyOctober.
ThePoultryWorkingGroupwillinitiallyaddressissuesrelatedtothecommercialpoultrysectorandtheprimarypurposethereforeofthismeetingistoexploretheneedandopportunitiestocomplementthePoultryWorkingGroupwithaMicro-PoultryGroupthatwillfocusspecificallyonhouseholdormicro-levelproductionforimprovednutritionandasasupplementtohouseholdincome.ThisreportisasummaryofthefirstmeetingofthegroupwiththethemeofImprovingBackyardPoultryProduction.
C.Presentations
1.MOLFPoultryWorkingGroupOverview
USAID/AKLDP
ThefirstpresentationbyDrBewketSiraw,SeniorLivestockAdvisorAKLDPprovidedtheparticipantswithanintroductiontothesectorandanoverviewoftheintendedroleoftheMinistryofLivestockandFisheries’PoultryWorkingGroup.DrBewket’spresentationbeganwithanexplanationoftheGoEvisionforthepoultrysector,beforeprovidingdetailsofhowthePoultryWorkingGroupwasplanningtohelptheGovernmentachievethepoultry-relatedtargetsasoutlinedintheGTPII.
1.Visionandtargetsforthepoultrysector(LMP/GTPII)Vision2020:TomeetthechickenmeatandeggdemandofthegrowingEthiopianpopulationandproducesurplusforexportby2020.Thistransformationwillmakeasubstantialcontributiontoreducingpovertyandmalnutritionamongruralandurbanhouseholds.Strategy/Approach:Movingawayfromthetraditionalfamilypoultrysystem(TFP)–scavenging–totheimprovedfamilypoultrysystem(IFP)–semi-scavenging–andincreasingthenumberandscaleofspecializedlayerandbroilerproduction(specialized).Targetsto2020:Toraisechickenmeatproductionfromthecurrentlevelof48,900tonesto164,000tons(335%)andraiseeggproductionfrom161millionto3.9billion(928%)~increasingthenumberofeggseatenperpersonperyearfrom1.6to39.ContributionofTFP,IFPandSpecializedtothetargetsTable1:ChickenMeatProduction(inthousandtones)
2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 %change
TFP 45.6 41.1 36.9 33.3 29.9 26.9 -41%
IFP ? ? 4.2 5.6 7.6 10.2 251%
Specialized 0.39 25.3 50.7 76.1 101.5 126.8 31,994%
Total 45.4 66.4 91.9 115 139 163.9 235%
Specializedpoultrycontributes 77.4%ofthetarget,IFP6.2%andTFP16.4%.Table2:ChickenEggProduction(inmillions)
2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 %change
TFP 133 119 108 96.8 87.1 78.4 -41%
IFP ? ? ? 494.5 666.5 894.4 246%
Specialized 28 583 1168 1749 2343 2916 10,314%
Total 161 702 1276 2340.3 3096.6 3888.8 828%
Specializedpoultrycontributes 75%ofthetarget,IFP23%andTFP2%.
2.MajorinterventionsplannedIFP:
• Introduceexotic/improvedsemi-scavengingchickens,withfarhighergeneticpotentialforbotheggsandmeatproductionunderscavenging-basedsystems(establishinggrandparentandparentfarmsincountry)
• Promoteproductionandfeedingofsupplementalconcentrates• Improvehealthandbiosecurity(verycritical)
SpecializedPoultry:• Promoteprivatesectorinvestmentstoincreasethenumberandsizeofspecializedcommercial
broilerandlayerunits.• Encouragetheprivatesectortoinvestinpoultryagribusinesses–especiallydayoldchick(DOC)and
pulletproduction,aswellasmeatandeggprocessing• Ensuresufficientlandisallocatedandputintopoultryfeedproduction(especiallymaizeand
soybean).• Improvehealthandbiosecurity(verycritical)
PriorityPolicyinterventions:• Rationalizingveterinaryservices-leadingtotransitiontoprivateprovisionofclinicalservices
whereverfeasibleandgovernmentfocusingmoreonpubliccoreactivities.• Specialincentivesforinvestorstopromoteprivatesectorinvestment(taxholidays,availingenough
landatfairprices,credit,training)• Encouraginglocalproductionofedibleoilandfloursothatbyproductscanbeusedlocally
Table3:AdoptingHHsbyproductionZone
Interventions ProductionZone
Numberofadoptinghouseholds
2014/15 2019/20
Improvedfamilypoultrywithimprovedsemi-scavengingchickenorsmallscaleexoticswithimprovedfeedingandhealthservices
MRS 66,000 228,800
MRD 48,000 166,400
LG 6,000 20,800
416,000
Table4:InvestmentRequirement
InvestmentinterventionsTotalinvestmentcostinETBmillions
CostinUSDinmillionsPublic Private Total
CowDairyDevelopment363 1,010 1,373 69
Redmeat/milkandfeedlotDevelopment3,175 319 3,494 175
PoultryDevelopment
416
2,013
2,429
121
Total3,954 3,342 7,296 365
Fig1:ImpactsofInvestmentsinImprovedFamilyPoultry(IFP),SpecializedPoultry(SPP-Broilersand
Layers):BenefitCostRatio(BCR)
3.ThePoultryWorkingGroupEstablishment:June14th2016Composition:ThePoultryWorkingGroupiscomposedofhigh-levelsubjectmatterexpertsfromtheresearchsystem,MoLF,developmentpartnersandtheprivatesector.Objectives:Theobjectiveofthegroupistoprovideguidance/adviseontechnicalandpolicyaspectsofthesectordevelopmentprograminordertoassisttheMinistry,particularlythedirectorateforpoultrydevelopmentandtheprivatesector,soastohelpachievethetargetssetintheGTPII.Currentfocusarea:Currentlythefocusoftheworkinggroupisonthespecializedpoultrybecauseitistheonecontributingto75%oftheeggand77.4%ofmeattargetsandImprovedbreedsfortheIFParenotyetready.ThePoultryWorkingGroupactionplanfor2016/17isincludedatAnnex3.Activitiesaccomplishedsofar
• Developedanactionplan• Surveysoncommercialpoultryarebeingcarriedout• Celebratedan‘eggaday’event
4.PositionofthePWGonsupportingIFPCurrentlythefocusofthegroupisonspecializedpoultryasitistheonewiththehighestcontributiontothetarget,andtheimprovedbreedsfortheIFParenotyetready.ThisdoesnotmeanthatIFPwillnotbesupportedthroughtheworkinggroup:itisimportantforruralHHsnutritionandisalsoacosteffectivewayofdoingthebusinessinruralsetting.Thegroupwillstarttobeengagedassoonasimprovedbreedsareready.Eitherthissamegroupwillhandlethecaseoraseparateworkinggroupshallbeestablished–tobedecided.
2.ExperiencewithImprovedBackyardPoultryProductioninChronicallyFoodInsecureworedas
FHE-USAID/FFPFinancedDevelopmentFoodAssistanceProgram(DFAP)
ThesecondpresentationbyGetahunShibeshi(DeputyChiefofParty,DFAPFHE)wasbasedondataextractedfromreportsandsimpleassessments.Theinformationprovidedtheparticipantswithsomeusefuldetailsontheneedsandchallengesinpromotingpoultrywithfoodinsecurehouseholds.FHEisaChristianReliefandDevelopmentOrganization.ItbeganoperationsinEthiopiain1985andhasover30yearsofexperience.Itiscurrentlymanagingdevelopmentandreliefprogramsinfourregions:Amhara,SNNPR,Oromia,andBenishangulGumuz.Ithasover400staff.TheDevelopmentFoodAssistanceProgram(DFAP/PSNP)TheDFAPtargetsnineworedasinthreezones:SouthGondarZone(TachGayint,LayGayintandSimada);NorthWolloZone(Bugna,LastaandWadla);andWagHimiraZone(Dehanna,GazGiblaandSekota).Italsostretchedtoanadditionalthreeworedasinthethirdyearoftheprogram(Meket,SahilaandZiquala)forfoodtransfer.Inthefirstyeartheprogramtargetedatotalof415,029ChronicallyFoodInsecurebeneficiaries,and83,006contingencybeneficiaries,innineworedas.DFAPProgramFrameworkGoal:FoodsecuritystatusforallmembersoffoodinsecurehouseholdsimprovedSO1:Healthandnutritionofwomenandchildrenunder5inthetargetworedasimproved.
IR1.1Maternalandchildhealthandnutritionalpracticesofpregnantwomenandmothersofchildrenunder2improved.IR1.2Accesstonutritiousfoodsimproved.IR1.3Accesstowaterandsanitationimproved.
SO2:Communityresiliencytowithstandshocksimproved.1R2.1Foodgapsbridged.IR2.2Chronicallyfoodinsecurehouseholdsprotectedfromassetdepletion.IR2.3Watershedproductivityincreased.IR2.4Accesstosocialservicesandeconomicinfrastructureimproved.IR2.5Disasterriskmanagementimproved.IR2.6Programmanagementcapacityofstakeholdersimproved.
CrosscuttingIR:Communityandhouseholdgenderrelationsimproved.ThehealthandnutritioncomponentGeneralOverview:Thehealthandnutritioncomponent—throughBehavioralChangeandCommunication(BCC)—isdesignedtodeliveractivitiesintwocohortsoverafive-yearperiod.AcascadedCareGroupapproachisbeingpursuedtobringtheessentiallessonstothegrassroots/communitylevel.Atotalof72,102beneficiarymothersarebeingtargeted(36,051inthefirstcohort).3+modulesonEssentialNutritionAction(ENA)andMaternalNewbornandChildHealth(MNCH)havebeenaddressed.Women’sHealthDevelopmentArmies—thereplacementtoVolunteerCommunityHealthWorkers(VCHWs)—arethebackboneoftheapproach.
DFAPnutritioncomponentlifecycle
FHE’sexperiencewithbackyardpoultryproductionfornutritionTheobjectiveofpromotingbackyardpoultrywastoimprovethenutritionalstatusofwomenandchildrenunder5.Beneficiarieswereselectedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:
• PrioritywillbegiventoPSNPbeneficiaries;• Willingnesstoconstruct1.5m2poultrycagewithfenceusinglocalmaterials;• Willingnesstoprovideadditionalfeedforthebirds;• Willingnesstorepay50%oftheloaneitherinkindorcashtofellowgroupmembers.
TrainingwasgivenonimprovedpoultryproductiontechniqueswithworedaOfficeofAgriculturestaff.Poultrycageconstructionwaschecked.PoultrywaspurchasedfromcertifiedsuppliersinBahirDar,SekotaandKombolcha.Thepoultryweredistributedtoeachmother,andprojectstaffundertookfollow-ups.Table5:Numberofchickendistributedandmortalityratesbyyearandbreed
Breed Yeardistributed Quantitydistributed
Mortality Mortalityrate(%age)
BovanBrowns 2012 2700 1132 42
2013 400 74 19
2014 2104 60 3
2015 2600 1066 41
2016 3740 2244 60
Sub-total 11544 4576 33
Lohmanns 2012 0
2013 2843 1562 55
2014 1860 760 41
2015
2016
Sub-total 4703 2322 48
Koykoy 2012 - - 42
2013 - - 19
2014 - - 29
2015 1330 465 35
2016 310 127 41
Sub-total 1640 592 33
GrandTotal 17887 7490 42
Fig2:GraphicalRepresentationofpoultrydistributionandMortality
Table6:Eggsproduced,consumedandsoldbyyearandbreed
Breed/type Yeardistributed
EggProduced Consumed Sold MoneyGenerated
BovanBrown 2012 254364 168584 85780 2013 34932 18189 16743
2014 47966 26113 21853
Sub-total 373262 212886 124376 217,658
Lohmanns 2012 0 0 0
2013 81757 53354 28403
2014 64523 43737 20786
Sub-total 146280 97091 49189 86,081
Grandtotal 519,542 309,977 173,563 303,739
020004000600080001000012000140001600018000
BovanBrown
Lohman Koykoy Total
Quantitydist.
Deceased
%age
Beneficiaries 1250
Average Onaverage415eggs/household
/2years
248eggs 139eggs/households/2years
243birr
Results
1. Motherswitnessedthatthenutritionalstatusoftheirchildrenimproved.2. Awarenessofthecommunitytowardsimprovedpoultrybreedsimproved.3. Incomeofthehouseholdsincreased.
Keychallenges
1. Poultrydiseases(mainlyviral)2. Poultrymanagement(properhousingandfeedingneeded)3. Inadequatelivestockhealthserviceprovision4. Snakebites5. AmharaLivestockAgencystandard(23poultrytooneHHversustheprogram’s6poultryforone
household)6. ChronicallyFoodInsecurebeneficiariesversusrequirementofimprovedpoultry(feedandhousing)
LessonsLearnt
1. Backyardpoultryproductionisbeneficialtoenhancethenutritionalstatusofchildrenandmothers.2. ItseemstobemoredifficulttopromotetheactivitywithChronicallyFoodInsecureHouseholds.
RecommendationConductjointresearchtoidentifythegapsinimprovedbackyardpoultryproductioninChronicallyFoodInsecureworedasanddesignastrategy.
3.ExperiencesfromHaramayaUniversityonImprovedFamilyPoultry
ByDrNegassiAmehaThethirdpresentationfromNegassiAmehafocusedontheexperienceswithcommunitypoultryinitiativesatHaramayaUniversity.ThepoultryfarmhasbeenestablishedatHaramayaUniversity(HU)sincetheinceptionoftheImperialCollegeofMechanicalArtsandAgriculturebyOklahomaStateUniversityin1960.TheHUmandatecoversteaching,researchandcommunityengagement.UndertheVicePresidentForCommunityEngagementandInstitutionalDevelopmentactivitiescover:
CommunityDevelopmentworksInstitutionalDevelopmentCommunityBasedEducationHaramayaLakeWatershedManagement
Thespecificcommunityrelatedactivitiesonpoultryproductioninclude:
• Poultrymanagementtechnicaltrainingforyouthassociations• Distributingimprovedpoultrybreedstothesurroundingcommunity• Distributingmovablepoultryhouses• Traininginpoultryfeedpreparation• Materialsupportlikemedicine,feed,wateringandfeedingequipment
Withintheseactivities,HUorganizesandprovidestrainingonanimalmanagement—specificallyforImprovedPoultryProduction—onanindividualfamilybasis,withcooperativesandwithtargetedWomenandYouthAssociations.Theseactivitiesarealsoconductedincollaborationwithsmall-scaleenterprises,developmentagentsandKebeleofficials.
Themajorconstraintsfacedbytheprograminclude:
• Inabilitytocoveralargearea• Financialconstraintsandtrainingofpersonnelconstraints• Inabilitytopayforinputs• Beneficiaryselectionproblems
Managementofimprovedchickensonafamilybasis
Organizedyouthassociationsmanagingimprovedchickens
Trainedwomenmanagingimprovedchickens
D.Q&AsessiononpresentationsQuestionsonPresentation1–MOLFPoultryWorkingGroup1. Howcanwetacklecrosscuttingpolicyissues,likeaccesstoland,byraisingcommodityspecificland
relatedmattersforagriculturesectorinvestment–ratherthanvaluechainbyvaluechain–asthisisacommonchallengeforallvaluechains?
TheGovernment’sunderstandingoninvestmentforcommercialpoultryenterprisesisthattheactualareaoflandtosupportinvestmentissmall–althoughsupportedbyhighqualityandextensivebio-securitymeasures.Forthesereasons,land-relatedinvestmentissuesforthepoultrysectorshouldcontinuetobedealtwithunderexistingpolicyframeworks.Forfeedmaize(50%ofthefeedmix)thereisalreadyadequatelandinproduction.Forfeedsoya(30-40%ofthefeedmix),morelandneedstobeallocatedinparticularinwesternEthiopiawherethesoil/climateissuitableforsoyaproduction.Theneedforadditionalsoyaplantinghasbeenbroughttotheattentionofpolicymakers.2. HowisgenderissuebeingdealtwithinthePoultrySector?GenderisaddressedintheLivestockMasterPlan,whichincludesthepoultrysector.ThepoultrysectorwillthereforetaketheleadformattersrelatedtogenderfromtheMasterPlan.
3. Howusefularethedifferentstudiesandresearchthatiscarriedoutonpoultry?Agreatdealofusefulresearchhasbeendone,butitispoorlycoordinatedandlittleofithasfilteredintotheproductionsystem.Muchmoreneedstobedonetocoordinateresearchinthepoultrysectorinorderthatitinformsandinfluencespractice.Forexample,theworkonimprovedgeneticsneedstobemuchbettercoordinatedandalsotoincorporateresearchfindingsfromthepast.Goodeffortsarehoweverbeingmadeonthedevelopmentofindigenouspoultrybreedsthatwillbesuitableforlocalagro-ecologies–itishopedthatsomeofthesebreedswillbereleasedbytheendoftheyear.Thoughweneedtohavetherightgeneticsinplace,itisimportanttonotehoweverthatgeneticsalonewillnotsolvealltheproblems–moreintegratedresearchisalsoneededinhousing,feedandhealth.4. WhoarethemembersofthePWGandwhyareUniversitieswerenotconsideredintheworkinggroup?ThePWGcomprisesrecognizedspecialistsinthePoultrySectorratherthanrepresentativesofspecificinstitutions.Itisplannedtoexpandthegroupovertime.5. WhataretheobjectivesofthePWG?TocreateaplatformforstakeholdersinthePoultrySectortosupportthegovernmenttoachievethepoultrysectortargetsoutlinedintheLivestockMasterPlanandGTPII.6. Whatarethechallengesaroundmarketing?ThePWGhasnotyetlookedatmarketingrelatedissuesbutwillatsomepointinthefuture.QuestionsonPresentation2–ExperiencewithImprovedBackyardPoultryProductioninChronicallyFoodInsecureworedasComments:Ithinkitwaswrongtogiveawayhybrids–1cockereland5pullets–andexpectthemtoreproduce,asrecessivegeneswillbeexpressedinthenextgeneration.Itwouldhavebeenbettertogiveawayjustpulletsthatproduceeggs.Theprojectlocationisinadryareawherefarmersfacerecurrent
droughtandfoodshortagesandthereforetherearefewopportunitiesforyear-roundscavenging.Providingbeneficiarieswithonly50%ofthefeedrequiresthereforethattheypurchasethebalanceandasmanyofthesehouseholdsareverypoorthismightnotbepossible.Itwouldhavebeenbettertodistributemorelocalandscavengingbreedsthatconsumelessfeed.1. Howdidyoumeasuretheimprovementinnutritionalstatusofthebeneficiarieswhensofeweggswere
producedinthefive-yearperiod?Theimprovementofthenutritionalstatusofthebeneficiariesisalsotheresultofotherinterventions–distributionoffoodforinstance.2. Whatwasdonetoensurethatthechickensremainedhealthy,intermsofanimalhealth?Thechickenswereboughtvaccinated.However,noothervaccinationsweremadeafterthat.QuestionsonPresentation3–ExperiencesfromHaramayaUniversityonImprovedFamilyPoultry1. Whatwasincludedintheinterventionpackage?Theinterventionpackageincluded100birdsandtrainingonhousingandfeed.
2. Whatisthesurvivalrateofthechickens?Atpresent–theprojectisonly3monthsold-almost99%survivalrate.3. Howdoyoudefinesuccessregardingyourintervention?Successisdefinedbyanumberofparameters–householdincomeandhouseholdnutritionandtransformedlivelihoods.
E.GroupDiscussiononPossibleNextSteps
Thegroupdiscussedandapprovedthefollowingnextsteps:
⇒ EstablishaMicro-PoultryGroupinordertosharegoodpracticearoundkeysuccessfactors
⇒ Tosupport3or4smallresearchstudiesthatwillhelpestablishanevidence-baseofgoodpracticeswithpoorerandverypoorwealthgroups.Onemightbearoundgenetics/breedselection,anotheraroundfeed,anotheraroundhousingandagainanotheraroundhealth.Itmightbeusefultocompareandcontractgoodpracticeindifferentregions
⇒ OrganizethenextmeetinginJanuary2017andincludepresentationsby:o CARE/Gradonagro-dealerso Newcastlediseasepreventiono Poultryhousingo Anoverviewofwhathasbeenachievedinsmall-scalepoultryproduction
Annexes
Annex1.ParticipantsList
No Name Project/Organization Email
1 AdmassuGirma Livestock&Fishery [email protected]
2 BewketSiraw AKLDP/Tufts [email protected]
3 FissehaAbnet HolisticAgriculture [email protected]
4 WondmenhEsatu EIAR [email protected]
5 NegassiAmeha HaremayaUniversity [email protected]
6 AmsaleMingistu GateFoundation [email protected]
7 GetahunShibeshi FHE [email protected]
8 SenbeteF ACDIVOCA [email protected]
9 MekonenGegzabher ACDIVOCA [email protected]
10 EtsehiwotWondimu Consultant [email protected]
11 YitageleTerese HaremayaUniversity [email protected]
12 FirehiwotMezgebu ACF [email protected]
13 GetinetAmeha USAID [email protected]
14 DaveEvans WorldVisionDFAP [email protected]
15 YirgalemGmeskele USAID [email protected]
16 BethelhemZewedu KYEEMAFoundation [email protected]
17 AssefaHailu GRAD [email protected]
Annex2.MeetingAgenda