imrad in qualitative reporting (no pass)
TRANSCRIPT
IMRaD: Qualitative Research Reporting
Rudolf Cymorr Kirby P. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
Learning Objectives
• Understand the IMRaD structure • Enumerate the general content of each
section • Recognize the unique attributes of reporting
qualitative research in IMRaD
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
IMRaD • Most prominent norm for a scientific
journal article • Facilitates literature review, allowing readers
to navigate articles more quickly to locate material relevant to their purpose
• It is a structure, not a format/style (APA 6th Ed)
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
Appendices
References
Body
Abstract
Title page
Standard Content
IMRaD Structure
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
IMRaD Structure
General Content A. Context of the Study B. Literature Review C. Aim/ Question D. Framework
General Question: Why was the study undertaken?
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Question: Why was the study undertaken?
General Content A. Context of the Study B. Literature Review C. Aim/ Question D. Framework None
IMRaD Structure
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Content
A. Design/ Approach
B. Setting, Sampling and Population
C. Data Gathering Procedure
D. Instrumentation
E. Analysis Plan
F. Ethical Considerations
IMRaD Structure General Question:
When, where, and how was the study done?
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Content
A. Design/ Approach
B. Setting, Sampling and Population
C. Data Gathering Procedure
D. Instrumentation
E. Analysis Plan
F. Ethical Considerations
Philosophical Underpinning
Selection of Participants
Ways of Gathering the Narratives
None
Process of Reflective Analysis
IMRaD Structure General Question:
When, where, and how was the study done?
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Content
A. Figures, Graphs, Tables
B. Analysis of Data
IMRaD Structure General Question:
What did the study found?
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Content
A. Figures, Graphs, Tables
B. Analysis of Data
The Participants
Result/ Insights (Themes, Codes, etc)
IMRaD Structure General Question:
What did the study found?
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Content
A. Analysis with Literature
B. Conclusion
C. Recommendation
IMRaD Structure General Question:
What might the answer imply & why does it matter?
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Content
A. Analysis with Literature
B. Conclusion
C. Recommendation
Resonance (RRL)
Creative Synthesis
Implication and Future Direction
IMRaD Structure General Question:
What might the answer imply & why does it matter?
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
APA Heading Levels APA Headings
Level Format
1 Centered, Boldfaced, Upper & Lowercase Headings
2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Upper & Lowercase Headings
3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period.
4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with period.
5 indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period.
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
Sample (Result of an Interpretative
Phenomenological Study)
Results
The Participants
Themes
Behind the Mask: The Blurring Self
Forbidden: Not Forgotten
Nasty Needles: A Friend and A Foe
Another subheading.
Another part of subheading.
Eidetic Insight
Symbolic Representation
APA Heading Levels Level 1
Level 2
Level 2
Level 2
Level 2
Level 3
Level 3
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
General Content A. Reflexivity B. Consent Form C. Tools/ Instrument D. Communications E. Other forms
Appendices
References
Body
Abstract
Title page
Reflexivity “ changes brought about to ourselves, as a result of the research process, and how
these changes have affected the research
process. It highlights the journey of discovering how we, as researchers, shaped and how we were shaped by the research process
and outputs” *
Standard Content
*(Palaganas et al., 2017)
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
References American Psychological Association (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Brain, L (1965). Structure of the scientific paper. British Medical Journal, 2, 868–869. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5466.868.
Burrough-Boenisch, J (1999). International reading strategies for IMRD articles. Written Communication., 16(3), 296– 316. doi:10.1177/0741088399016003002.
Day, R. (1989). The origin of the scientific paper: the IMRAD format. AMWA Journal, 4(2). 16-25. Retrieved from: http://www.amwa.org/default/publications/journal/scanned/v04.2.pdf
Malterud, K. (2001). Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. The Lancet, 358, 483-488. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05627-6.
Palaganas, E. C., Sanchez, M. C., Molintas, M. P., & Caricativo, R. D. (2017). Reflexivity in Qualitative Research: A Journey of Learning. The Qualitative Report, 22(2), 426-438. Retrieved from http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol22/iss2/5
Sollaci, L. B., & Pereira, M. G. (2004). The introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) structure: a fifty-year survey. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 92(3), 364–371.
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007) Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349– 357, doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042.
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
Maraming Salamat
R. Martinez, PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT
PhD, MA, RN, CAA, LMT, CSTP, FRIN
ResearchGate: https://goo.gl/dNr2Zs