urm and imrad format
DESCRIPTION
URM and IMRAD format. Vancouver group. 1978, Vancouver, Canada Uniform submission Make life easier for authors No rejection on grounds of style. Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Manuscript Preparation Preparing a Manuscipt for Submission to Biomedical Journals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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URM and IMRAD format
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Vancouver group
• 1978, Vancouver, Canada• Uniform submission
• Make life easier for authors
• No rejection on grounds of style
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Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts
Manuscript PreparationPreparing a Manuscipt for Submission to Biomedical
JournalsSending the Manuscript to the Journal
ReferencesPrint References Cited in this Document
Other Sources of Information Related to Biomedical Journals
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Parts of an essay
Beginning
Main Body
End
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Sir Bradford Hill’s Questions
• Why did you start?• What did you do?• What did you find?
and• What does it all mean?
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Parts of a paper: IMRAD
I Introduction
M MethodsR Resultsa and
D Discussion
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Sir Bradford Hill’s Questions
I Introduction Why did you start?M Methods What did you do?RResults What did you find?AandDDiscussionWhat does it all mean?
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Introduction
Why did you start?
Readers’ expectations• Sufficient background information• Understand and evaluate the results • Without referring to previous publications
Concise, adequate Not a review
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Introduction
• Review pertinent literature• Define lacunae in current knowledge• Provide rationale for your study
– What gap in knowledge did you try to fill?– What controversy did you try to resolve?
• State the aim of the study
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Introduction
• Brief, clear, to the point• Written in present tense
• May state the study group, study design and methods used
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Introduction
• Key references: to support background information
• Refer to – your previous preliminary work– your own closely related papers
• Define any specialized terms, definitions or abbreviations you intend to use
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Example
We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological importance.
Watson JD, Crick FHC. A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 1953; 171: 737-8.
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Methods
What did you do?
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Methods
• What all was done?• How was it done?• When was it done?• Who did it ?• How were the results analyzed?• Did you have ethical clearance to do so?
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Methods
– Present methods in chronological order– Subheadings should match those in results
‘internal consistency’
– In past tense– Be precise
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Methods: checklist• Does it describe
– What questions was being asked?– What was being tested?– How reliable was the measurement?
• Were the parameters recorded and analyzed correctly?
• Would a reader be able to repeat the same experiment?
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Results
Answers
What did you find?
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Results: Before writing
• Collate data
• Prepare master tables– Re-check accuracy
• Analyse– List all the findings– Identify the important ones
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Results: The components
• Text Story
• Tables Meat
• Figures Drama
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Results
• Results of all experiments in natural orderin subsections similar to methods
• Do not duplicate informationtext, tables, figures
• Statistical analysis
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Results
• Should not include– Any methods– Data for which methods are not included– Interpretation of data – References
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Results: Tables
Table I. Parts of a table
Footnote:
Stub Columnheading
Columnheading
Columnheading
Row identifier
Row identifier
BODY
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Results: Table or figure
• Prefer tables
• Use figures only for illustrative
• Bar, histogram, pie: ? table
Difference in written and oral communication
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Results: Text or Tables
• Number of items
• Few variables: Text
• Many variables: Table
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Figure: in place of text
Intraperitoneal inoculation of
1 X 106 DLA cells (day 0)
0 1 2 3 4 30
Group 1 VehicleGroup 2 Total alkaloid fraction (5 mg/Kg/d)Group 3 Total alkaloid fraction (10 mg/Kg/d)Group 4 Total alkaloid fraction (20 mg/Kg/d)Group 5 Methotrexate (3.4 mg/Kg/d) (Positive control)
Days
Treatment (d 1,2,3) Observation
Study design
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Figure: not in place of table
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Summary
• URM
• IMRAD–Introduction–Methods–Results and–Discussion