THELIBERUSUALISWITHINTRODUCTIONANDRUBRICSINENGLISHEDITEDBYTHEBENEDICTINESOFSOLESMESDE S CL E ECOMP ANYPrinters to the Holy See and the Sacred Congregation of RitesTOURNAI(Belgium)NEW YORKN.Y.1961THELIBERUSUALISWITHINTRODUCTIONANDRUBRICSINENGLISHEDITEDBYTHEBENEDICTINESOFSOLESMESDE S CL E ECOMP ANYPrinters to the Holy See and the Sacred Congregation of RitesTOURNAI(Belgium)NEW YORKN.Y.1961IMPRIMATURTornaci,die7Februarii1961J.THOMAS,vie.gen.Omniajuravindicabimustarninuniversamnostramexcogitandiscriben-diquerhythmirationemquamincarminaquaenoninveniunturinvaticanaeditionesed exSolesmensibuslibrisexcerptasunt.DESCLEE&Socn,Tornaci(Belg.).Copyright 1961 byDESCLEE& Co, Tournai(Belg.).All rightsreserved.Printed in Belgium.TABLE OF CONTENTS.INTRODUCTIONvijPrefaceto theVaticanEditionixRulesforinterpretationxvijTableofmovableFeastsXLRomanCalendarXLJChangesintheLiberUsualisLjTHEORDINARYOFTHEMASS1ProperPrefaces8THEORDINARYCHANTSOFTHEMASSI ITheAs per ges41Tonesof t he J.< GloriaPat ri> att he Introitof t he Mass.14Kyrie,Gloria,&c16Methodof singingAlleluiainPaschalTi me. . .95ThecommonTonesof t he Mass98T HEORDINARYCHANTSOFTHEOFFI CEI l lThecommonTones112VesperPsalmsGroupedinTones.... 1 2 8LaudsofFeasts221SundayatPrime,Terce,Sextand None.... 2 2 4SundayatVespers250SundayatCompline26212Fer i alPs al msatV es per sand Compl i ne. . . .280T H EP ROP E ROFT HETI ME317Ant i phonsoft heSeasonsai dasc omme mor at i onsof t heSundayor of t he Fer i aonFeas t sof t hefirstcl ass.. 1080T H ECOMMONOFSAI NTS. . . . . . . .1111V ot i veMasses1273Occasi onalPr ayer s1299T H EP ROP E ROFTHESAI NTS1303T H EBURI ALSERV I CE1763TheOfficefor t he De ad1772Massesfor t he De ad1806V ar i ousPr aye r sfor t he De ad1818ThefiveAbsol ut i onsof sol emnfuneralservi ces. . . .1823Thebur i alofver yy ou n gchi l dr en1825vj .TableofContents.APPENDIXI1832HymnofThanksgiving1832InvocationtotheHolyGhost1837ProcessiontobegforRain1838ProcessiontobegforFineWeather1839TheSevenPenitentialPsalms1840TheSolemnreceptionofaBishop1840ThePastoralVisit1842TheAdministrationofConfirmation1844TheRiteofGivingtheTonsure......1845TheOrdinationofaPriest1847TheBlessingoftheHolyOils1849ChantsatBenedictionof theBlessedSacrament..1851APPENDIXII. . . . . . . . . .1*PrayersfortheFortyHours1*TractinaPsalm-tone8*Commemorationofall theFaithfullDeparted...10*Psalms for the Holy Week according to the new latin version13*INTRODUCTION.ThisnewEnglishEditionoftheLiberUsualisgivesabriefsummaryofthe Rulesfortheproperexecutionandinterpretationof the Vatican EditionoftheRomanChant,accordingto theSolesmesMethod.TheVaticanEditioncontainstheOfficialMusicalText.Toensureunifor-mityintherenderingoftheChantoftheChurch,ecclesiasticallegislationprovidesthatthismusicaltextmaybe used"withtheadditionof theSolesmesRhythmicsigns",asanaid.TheuseofthesesignsisofficiallyauthorisedbytheCongregationofRites.Musicians,generally,havelongsinceexperiencedthewisdomandeventhenecessityof thisofficialsanctiontotheSolesmesMethodasthesuremeanstosecureadesiredanduniformsystemofinterpretation.As inallArt-forms,so inPlainsong,rulesaretheoutcome ofawidepracticalexperience,insightandresearch.TheRulespresentedherehavebeenworkedoutandco-ordinatedbytheBenedictinemonksoftheSolesmesCongregation.Basedastheyareon the ancient ManuscriptRecords, which have beenthoroughlyexaminedintheirapplicationtotheVaticantext,thoseRuleshaveforsomefiftyyearsprovedtheirefficacyasaconvincingguidetotheproperunifiedexecutionof theGregorianmelodies inthe dailycarryingoutof theLiturgybythemonksofSolesmesthemselves.OurHolyFather,PopePiusXI,inanautographlettertoHisEminenceCardinalDubois,ontheoccasionof theFoundingoftheGregorianInstitute,atParis,in 1924, writes:"WecommendyounolesswarmlyforhavingsecuredtheservicesofthesesameSolesmesmonkstoteachintheParisInstitute;since,onaccountoftheirperfectmasteryofthesubject,theyinterpretGregorianmusicwithafinishedperfectionwhichleavesnothingtobedesired".Withthisquotationofanaugustcommendation,thepresentEditionisnowofferedbytheSolesmesmonks,thattheRomanChantmaybeaprofitableinstrument"capableofraisingthemindtoGod,andbetterfittedthananyothertofosterthepietyoftheNations".ThisEditionwithcompletemusicalnotationincludesthefollowing:1.TheKyrialewithCantusadlibitum.2.TheMassof theSundaysandFeastsincludingthoseofdoublerankthroughoutthe year,withVespers andComplineforthesame.3.Prime,Terce,Sext,None, forSundaysand Feasts of the FirstandSecondClass.4.MatinsofChristmas,Easter,Pentecost,CorpusChristi;LaudsforFeastsoftheFirstClass.5.TheLitanies:theMassofRogationDays,EmberDays,EasterandWhitsunweeks;theVigils ofChristmas,EpiphanyandWhitsun.6.TheservicesofAshWednesday,theTriduumofHolyWeekandEasterDay.7.TheprincipalVotive Masses andtheOfficesfortheDead.Inthebeginningof thebookwillbe foundtheCommonTonesof the MassandOffice.Chantsforspecialoccasions,e.g.theBlessingoftheHolyOils,Ordinations,etc,areincludedintheAppendix.vlij.Introduction.Apracticalfeature of thisworkshould be noticed andwill, it is hoped, be muchappreciated:all the VesperPsalmsare setoutwiththe various Tonesto whichtheyaresung(see pp. 128-218).TheIntonation,FlexandCadencesareclearlymarkedfor eachPsalm.Thishasnotbeendone for LaudsandtheHours,sincethesearegenerally sung by more experiencedChoirs.A smallnumber of Chantsfor Benedictionhas beenadded; the scopeof thismanualdoesnot allow of alargernumberthanthosein currentuse.Wheregreatervarietyisneeded,recoursemay be had tospecialpublications andBenedictionManualsalreadyin existence.Thesources of thisCompendiumare theMissal,the Ritual,the Gradualandthe Antiphonary.Recentdecisions of theCongregation of Riteshavebeentakenintoaccount.Pieceswhichhavenot yet appearedin the VaticanEdition aretakenfromtheapprovedpublications of theBenedictines of Solesmes.Voce vitanondiscordet;Cumvoxvitanonremordet,Dulceestsymphonia.(Adam of St Victor)Feast of StGregory1934.PREFACETO THE VATICANEDITIONOFTHEROMANCHANT.Theplaceofhonour inthisSolesmes Editionof theVatican Official textis given to theVatican Preface.Itswise counsels andgeneral Principles ofinterpretation are embodied,elucidated and enlarged upon in the Rules givenfurtheron.HolyMothertheChurchhasreceivedfromGodthechargeoftrainingthesoulsof the faithfulinallholiness,andforthisnoble endhasevermadeahappyuseofthehelpofthesacredLiturgy.Wherein inorderthatmen'smindsmaynotbesunderedbydifferences,butthat,onthecontrary,theunitywhichgivesvigourandbeautytothe mysticalbodyofChristmightflourishunimpair-ed shehasbeenzealoustokeepthetraditionsofourforefathers,evertryingdiligentlyto discoverandboldlyto restoreanywhichmighthavebeenforgotteninthe course of theages.Now amongthosethingswhichmostnearlytouchthesacredLiturgy,beingasitwere interwoventherein and giving it splendour and impressiveness, the firstplacemustbeassignedtotheSacredChant.Wehave,indeed,alllearntfromexperiencethatitgivesacertainbreadthto divineworshipandupliftsthemindinwondrouswise to heavenlythings.WhereforetheChurchhasneverceasedto recommendthe use of theChant,andhasstrivenwiththegreatestassiduityanddiligenceto preventits decline fromits pristinedignity.Tothisendliturgicalmusicmustpossessthosecharacteristicswhichmakeitpreeminentlysacredandadaptedtothe goodof souls.Itmustsurelyemphasiseaboveallelsethedignityofdivineworship,andatthesametimebeabletoexpresspleasantlyandtrulythesentimentsoftheChristiansoul.Itmustalsobe catholic, answeringtotheneeds of everypeople, countryand age, andcombinesimplicitywithartisticperfection.Allthesecharacteristics,however,arenowhereto be foundinahigherdegreethaninGregorianChant thespecial ChantoftheRomanChurch,whohasreceived italone byinheritance fromthe Fathers, has kept it carefullythoughout theages in herrecords, andcommends ittothefaithfulasherown,orderingitsexclusiveuseincertainpartsoftheLiturgy.(MotuProprio.Nov.22.1903.n.3.)Certainlyinthe course of timetheGregorianChantincurrednosmalllossofpurity.Thiswaschieflybecausethespecialrulesof theChant,astraditionallyreceivedfromthe Fathers,wereeithernegligentlyoverlookedorallowedtobealtogetherforgotten.Hencearoseanevidentdeclineinthespiritwhichisspokenofas"liturgical",andthe"spiritofprayer",whileatthesametimethebeautyandgraceofthesacredmelodies,iftheydidnotwhollydisappear,werecertainlyaffectedforthe worse.ButtheSovereignPontiff,PiusX.mayhisenterprisebecrownedwithgoodfortuneandsuccess! emulatinghereinthezealousendeavoursof hispre-decessors,determinedandtookmeasurestopreventanyfurtherdecadenceintheGregorianChant.Wherefore,inhisMotuProprio,issuedonNovember22nd,1903,heaccuratelyandclearlylaiddowntheprinciples(surelythefirststepofreform)whereontheecclesiasticalChantisbasedandwherebyitiscontrolled;hegatheredtogetheratthesametimetheprincipalregulationsofof theChurchagainstthevariousabuseswhichhadcreptintotheChantinthex.Pr efacet ot heV at i c anEdi t i onoft heRomanChant .course of time.AndthenappearedtheDecreeoftheCongregationofSacredRites,issuedon January8th,1904,whereinclearerdirectionsweregivefortherestorationof the GregorianChant.NeverthelessitremainedfortheRomanChurchandthe otherChurcheswhichfollowherRite,to provide themselveswithbooks containingthe truemelodies oftheGregorianChant.HisHoliness,PiusX,hadthisinviewwhen,inhisMotuProprio,promulgatedonApril25th,1904,hedeclared:theGregorianmelodieswereto be restoredintheirintegrityandidentity,aftertheauthorityoftheearliestmanuscripts,takingaccountofthelegitimatetraditionofpastages,aswellas of theactualuse of the Liturgyofto-day.Guidedbythese rulesandstandards,those who hadtakenthe taskinhandatthe biddingof the Pope set toworktorevisethebookstheninuse.Thefirstthingtheyhadto do wasto undertakeathoroughandwellconsideredexamina-tionof the primitivemanuscripts.Thisprocedurewasclearlyawiseone;fordocumentsofthiskindarenotmerelyto be esteemedonaccountof theiranti-quity,whichunitesthemsocloselytothebeginningsof theGregorianChant,butchieflybecausetheywerewrittenin theveryagesinwhichtheChantwasmostflourishing.Foralthoughthemore remote theoriginofthemelodiesandthe longertheyhave beeninuseamongsttheancients,themoreworthytheymightbe of findingaplace inthe neweditionwhichwasinhand,nevertheless,what gives themthe rightof being includedis theirreligious andartistic flavour,andtheirpowerof givingsuitableexpression to liturgicalprayer.Therefore,instudyingthemanuscripts,thiswastheprimaryobjectwhichwas keptinview:notindeedto admitoff-hand,onthesole groundofantiquity,whateverhappenedtobemostancient,but,sincetherestorationoftheeccle-siasticalChanthadto dependnotonlyon paleographicalconsiderations,butalsowastodrawuponhistory,musicalandGregorianart,andevenuponexpe-rience anduponthe rulesofthesacredliturgy,itwasnecessaryto haveregardtoallofthesethingsatthe same time;lestapiece,composedperhapswiththelearningof antiquity,shouldfallshortinsomeoftheotherconditions,anddoinjurytoCatholictraditionbydeprivingmanycenturiesoftherightofcontri-butingsomething good, or evenbetterthanitself, to the patrimony of theChurch.Foritisbyno means to be admittedthatwhatwe calltheGregoriantraditionmaybe confinedwithinthe space ofafewyears;butitembracesallthose cen-turies whichcultivatedtheartof the GregorianChantwithmore orless zealandproficiency.TheChurch,saystheHolyFatherinthe Motu Proprioalreadymentioned,hascultivatedandfosteredtheprogressoftheartsunceasingly,allowingfortheuseofreligionallthingsgoodandbeautifuldiscoveredbymaninthecourseoftheages, providedthatliturgicalrulesbeobserved.Theworkof the presenteditionhasbeencarriedout inaccordancewiththesewise directionsdeliveredbyOurMostHolyLordPopePiusX.TheChurchcertainlygivesfreedomto allthe learned to settle the age and con-ditionofthe Gregorianmelodies,andto pass judgmentupontheirartisticskill.She only reservesto herselfone right,to wit,thatofsupplyingandprescribingto the Bishopsandthe faithfulsuchatextof the sacredChantasmaycontributetothefittingsplendourofdivineworshipandtotheedificationof souls,afterbeing restoredaccordingto the traditionalrecords.Enoughhasalreadybeensaidabove to showhowsolidlybasedwasthe worksowiselyundertakenofrestoringtheancientandlegitimatemelodiesoftheChurchtotheirintegrity.Butfortheconvenienceof those who willbe usingthechoirbookseditedinaccordancewithwhathasalreadybeenlaiddown,itiswelltoaddhereafewremarksaboutthe propernotes and-figuresof theGregorianChantas well asaboutthe rightwayof interpretingthem.Forthe proper execution of the Chant,the mannerof formingthe notesandoflinkingthemtogether,establishedbyourforefathersandinconstantanduniversaluse in the Middle Ages, is of greatimportance andis recommendedstillPrefacetot heVaticanEdi t i onoft heRomanChant,xj .as the norm formodern Editors.The followingtables givetheprincipalformsof these notes or neums along with their names :Punctum3VirgaBivirgaPunctum inclinatum(Diamond)Podatus or PesClivis or Flexa2Epiphonus CephalicusScandicus Salicus Climacus AncusTorculusPorrectusTorculus resupinusPorrectus flexus3555ftPes subpunctisScandicus subpunctisScandicus flexusClimacus resupinus"""cCo.v.StrophicusPes strophicusClivis strophicaTorculus strophicusor Clivisor TorculusOriscuswith an OriscusPressusOther Pressus or opposed neums TrigonQuilismaLonger or compound NeumsToavoidallerroranddoubtinthe interpretationof the above notation, thefollowingobservations are to be noted :1.Ofthetwonotesofthe Podatus, thelower one must be sung beforetheupper note immediatelyabove it.fa solr lasol utxy.PrefacetotheVaticanEditionoftheRomanChant.2 .The heavyslantingline of the Porrectusstands for the two noteswhich itlinkstogether,so thatthe first note is givenat the top of the lineand the lowernote at the lower end of the line:la sol lala fa solsol mi solfa sol re" mi3.The half-note,whichterminatestheCephalicus|S andthe Epiphonusj ,onlyoccursatthe end of asyllablewhenthenextsyllableleadson to thecombinationof two vowels like adiphthong,as e. g... AVtem,KWS, allelma: ortothe juxtapositionofseveralconsonants,e.g.OMNW,S et-che;siccitas=seet-chee-tas.SCbefore the samevowels is pronouncedlike Sh in shed.e. g. Descenditde-shen-deet.Except for thesecases C is alwayspronouncedlike the EnglishK.e. g. cdritas=kdh-ree-tas.xxxvi l j.Rul esforInt erpret at i on.CHis always like K(even beforeEor I).e.g.Cham Kam,mdchina=md-kee-na.Gbeforee,ae,oe, i,y,issoftasingenerous.e.g.magi,genitor,Reglna.OtherwiseGis hardasinGovernment.e.g.Guberndtor,Vigor,Ego.GNhasthesoftenedsoundgiventotheselettersinFrenchandItalian.e.g.agneau,Signor,Monsignor.ThenearestEnglishequivalentwouldbeNfollowedbyy.e.g.Ah-nyoh,Regnum