In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the Crusades

Why?

1) Recapture the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks

2) Assist their Christian brothers in the Byzantine Empire who were under attack

3) Get the Feudal Lords of Europe to stop fighting each other and unite against a common enemy.

The First Crusade 1096-1099 C.E.•Actually conquered the Holy Land

There were 4 main Crusades

Edessa fell to Muslim Rule

Christians failed to re-take it

2nd Crusade

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3rd Crusade

Saladin

Saladin had taken Jerusalem

Richard tried to take it back, failed

Richard the LionheartVS.

Philip II of France

Fredrick Barbarossa

HRE

4th CrusadeThe Sack of Constantinople

Attempt to re-take Jerusalem

Became involved in Constantinople instead, ended up sacking the (Christian) city

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After the 4th…

Crusades continued, on a smaller scale

None had major impact

Effects of the crusades:The Rise of Trade

New goods and info are brought back: sugar, spices, rugs, silks, foods, perfume, compass, astrolabe, etc…

Greek and Roman texts are brought back - - - will be backbone of university system in Europe

Church Authority will be challenged (because their maps were wrong)

Money and Banking Systems were brought from the Middle East to W. Europe

The rise of cities

Serfs fled manors to the cities which developed as trade centers

Effects of the crusades:

1) New goods/items and info are brought back from the middle east: sugar, spices, rugs, silks, foods, perfume, compass, astrolabe, etc.

2) Greek and Roman Manuscripts are brought back which serve as the backbone of what will become a university system in W. Europe

3) Church Authority will be challenged because their maps were wrong

4) 4) Money and Banking Systems were brought from the Middle East to W. Europe

5) The rise of cities

Serfs fled manors to the cities which developed around trading centers.