Unit 14 – Taxonomy

In this unit, the summary is shown in blue, and the underlined words are vocabulary; the animation and video

hyperlinks are shown in orange.

http://assets.natgeotv.com/Shows/10406.jpg

Hello, my name is

Gulo gulo[in English, wolverine]

What is taxonomy? Scientists classify the diverse

number of organisms on the planet in order to learn and study from them into hierarchical groups.

In this unit you will learn how scientists classify living things; the science of taxonomy. ◦the arrangement of

organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Who was Carl von Linne?

Von Linne [AKA Carolus Linnaeus] was the Swedish biologist who in the mid-1700’s developed the biological system of classification. ◦7 taxonomic levels [or

taxa] ◦kingdom to species

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/linne06d.jpg

Binomial Nomenclature In Latin, nomenclatura = 

◦nomen "name"+ calare "to call"  Scientists give each organism a name in

classification which consists of two parts:◦genus + species [specific epithet]. ◦Typically use Latin because it is universal

[worldwide] and not widely spoken, therefore, the meaning is not likely to change.

EX Tyrannosaurus rex translates to “tyrant lizard”+“king.”

http

://nerd

yw

ithch

ildre

n.co

m/w

p-co

nte

nt/u

plo

ad

s/20

13

/02

/trex-fo

ssil.jpg

http://hqwalls.org/t_rex_dinosaur_wallpaper-wallpapers.html

Always in italics Genus name is written 1st,

capitalized Species name is written 2nd,

NOT capitalized EX scientific names

◦ Homo sapiens (modern man)◦ Felis catus (common housecat)

Binomial Nomenclature Cont.

htt

p:/

/ww

w.b

io.m

iam

i.ed

u/d

an

a/p

ix/p

an

thera

_pard

us_

class

ifica

tion

.jp

g

Who am I?

Purpose for Classification1. A Latin name eliminates confusion caused by

regional name differences.◦ EX crayfish, crawdad, mudbug are all common names

for….◦ Cambarus bartoni

htt

p:/

/b

wrc

.eecs

.berk

ele

y.ed

u/P

eop

le/G

rad

_Stu

dents

/huif

ang

q/

food

/Huif

ang

Cookin

gs/

ed

ited

/cra

wfish

.jp

g

◦ Mountain lion, panther, cougar and puma are all common names for...

◦ Felis concolor

htt

p:/

/wd

fw.w

a.g

ov/w

lm/g

am

e/c

oug

ar/

gra

phic

s/co

ug

ar4

.jp

g

◦ Roly poly, pillbug, and wood louse are all common names for...

◦ Armadillidium vulgare

http://s163.photobucket.com/user/LPH_2007/media/Super%20Macro/SuperMacro2-6.jpg.html

Purpose cont.2. organizes large amounts of information3. Classification also reveals evolutionary

relationships between organisms

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Phylogenetic_Tree_of_Life.png

Modern Levels of Classification

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/entomology/images/p4large.gif

When instructed, pick up a colored piece of paper at the front to create your mnemonic foldable.

Each pod will need some scissors.

Taxonomy Mnemonic Foldable

What is domain?

Domain is the most recently added 8th taxonomic level, which is even more inclusive than a kingdom.

There are 3 domains shown above. ◦ Domains in the News

http

://ww

w.w

hoi.e

du/cm

s/imag

es/tre

e_5

50

_74

47

4.jp

g

Domains Cont.

Three domains of life:◦ Archaea & Bacteria contain only

prokaryotes. ◦ Eukarya contains all eukaryotes.

Basis of classification:1. Type of cell2. Number of cells3. Mode of nutrition

htt

p:/

/cult

uri

ng

scie

nce

.file

s.w

ord

pre

ss.c

om

/20

10

/09

/3-d

om

ain

s-of-

life.jp

g

Archaea

Eukarya

Bacteria

Six kingdoms of life: 4 Eukaryotic

Kingdoms ◦ Animals ◦ Plants◦ Fungi◦ Protists

2 Prokaryotic Kingdoms◦ Archaebacteria◦ Eukbacteria

What is a kingdom?

htt

p:/

/1.b

p.b

log

spot.

com

/-y_a

bocO

eLK

k/T

puIT

AA

u8

VI/

AA

AA

AA

AA

Huw

/SJd

eq

GFp

Z8

E/s

16

00

/six

+kin

gd

om

s+tr

ee+

of+

life+

.gif

A species is a group of organisms that are very closely related and can breed fertile offspring.

What is a species?

http://adapaonline.org/images/biobook_images/taxonomy_pyramid.gif

Dichotomous Key Taxonomists have

dichotomous keys to help to identify organisms; a guide.

A dichotomous key consists of several pairs of descriptive statements to help identify an unknown organism.

Dichotomous key animation

http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/watercritter/images/keymap_template.gif

Evolutionary Classification Phylogeny – evolutionary relationships

among organisms Biologists now group organisms

according to phylogeny (lines of evolutionary descent), not just physical characteristics.

What is a cladogram? Derived characters – characteristics found in

recent parts of a lineage through cladistics; used to construct cladograms.

Cladograms show evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.◦ Caldogram animation

Crab BarnacleLimpet

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON

VISIBLE SIMILARITIES