INCINERATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN MALAYSIA: SALIENT ISSUES, POLICIES AND

WASTE-TO-ENERGY INITIATIVES

SHARIFAH AISHAH SYED ABD KADIR, CHUN-YANG YIN, MUHAMAD RASOLI SULAIMAN, XI CHEN, MOHANAD EL-HARBAWI

PRESENTED BY:ZAINAB AMJAD

BATCH VIII

8TH SEMESTER

23rd september 2013

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract

Introduction

Composition of Malaysian MSW (municipal solid waste)

Current Issues on incineration of MSW

Large scale and centralized Incineration system

Energy recovery from incineration of MSW

Future Directions on Incineration of MSW

Conclusion

QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED What are the major problems related to MSW?

what are the challenges associated with use of incineration technology?

What is the concept of key economic instruments for improving MSWM at

malaysian tourist islands?

What is RDF technology?

What is the basic difference between incineration and RDF technology?

What is the plus point gained by incineration over landfill disposal?

What are the current issues related to use of incineration technology in Malaysia?

What is SWPCM Act?

What are the conditions need to fullfill for the use of incineration technology in

Malaysia?

What are the major challenges for use of Large scale & centralized incineration

system in Malaysia?

ABSTRACT

MSW pose problems due to their voluminous characteristic.

Widely used MSW managment plans mostly include landfill

disposal scarcity of available land.

Local government looking forward for large scale incineration

processes to address this issue.

Focus is on application of waste-to-energy as well as refuse-

derive fuel technologies (RDF).

A relatively successful RDF pilot plant in Malaysia is highlighted

as a case study.

INTRODUCTION

Malaysia occupies a total land area of 328,550 km2

Population: 27 million

Population density : 79.87 per km2

remarkable economic growth over the past 20 years high

influx of foreign workers increase in the amount of

generated municipal solid waste (MSW).

MSW is generated by households, commercial activities,

commercial enterprises.

CONT...

The average MSW generation : 0.5–0.8 kg/person/day

In urban areas:1.7 kg/person/day

Average of 2500 t collected every day for the city of Kuala

Lumpur (capital of Malaysia).

Waste management in Malaysia is the responsibility of the

Ministry of Housing and Local Government. (the Local

Government Act 1976, Section 72)

To facilitate handling of MSW through an integrated management

system, Malaysia initiated privatization in 1993.

WHY INCINERATION???

99% MSW Traditional

Landfill Disposal

Acute Land Shortage

Environmental Pollution

Landfill Pollution

Water Pollution Air Pollution

COMPOSITION OF MALAYSIAN MSW

Composition Percentage (%)

Organics 46.97

Plastic 20.28

Paper 17.89

Metal 4.31

Glass 2.60

Inorganics 0.17

Others 7.81

Average Moisture Content 55

CURRENT ISSUES ON INCINERATION OF MSW

Reduction of volumn of the MSW by 95% via incineration.

Landfills in the vicinity of water bodies.

Klang valley incident (2006).

Solid waste and public cleansing management (SWPCM) Act

2007.

Small scale incineration in resort islands,

under jurisdiction of local authorities.

Case study of tioman island.

CONT...

Challenge is to find an incineration technology.

1. capable of incinerating waste with high moisture content & low calorific

value.

2. operates at low cost.

Landfill or Incineration???

Prior to construction & installation of incinerator, an approved EIA report must be

produced.

Installation of air pollution control system & other operating conditions.

Incinerator must comply with the imposed dioxin/furan emmission limit of 0.1 ng-

TEQ/Nm3.

LARGE SCALE & CENTRALIZED INCINERATION SYSTEM

To assist in alleviating the huge volume of MSW in urban areas.

Major challenges:

1. Unsuitablity of available technology.

2. Unfavourable representaion in media.

3. Protest by local residents.

4. Pressure from NGO’s.

5. Strict emmission standards. (USEPA)

Favour by proponents:

1. Low toxic emmissions

2. Used by many developed countries for decades.

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM INCINERATION OF MSW

Small renewable energy power program: (SREP)

1. Implemented by National Government of Malaysia.

2. To promote Malaysia’s fifth fuel policy.

Refused-derived fuel: (RDF)

1. A specialized subset of WTE technology

2. Pre-processing prior to actual incineration.

3. Four main processing steps related to RDF.

CASE STUDY: CORE COMPETENCIES SDN BHD RDF PILOT PLANT IN SEMEYIH, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

Commissioned in 2008.

Max rated capacity 1000t of MSW & 8.9 MW electricity generation.

Currently process 700t/day & generate 8MW electricity_ export

5MW to National grid.

Employ 200 people.

Development as a result of technological link-up between

1. CCSB

2. Malaysian Nuclear Agency

3. University Putra Malaysia.

Not corbon neutral but carbon dioxide emmission is much less

than that on the open landfill.

MSW LANDFILL GAS CAPTURE & ENERGY GENERATION IN MALAYSIA

Possibilty for low cost energy generation

Sanitary Landfills % methane generation Power generation

Bukit Tagar 60% 1 MW

Air Hitam 55% 2 MW

Year Methane Possible Electricity

Generation

2010 60,370t (Selangor) 2.20 * 109 kWh

45,500t (Kuala lampur)

2020 371,696 t 2.63 * 109 kWh

FUTURE DIRECTIONS ON INCINERATION OF MSW

Utilization of incinerators is unavoidable in future.

Prime minister indicated in 2007, the installation of more

incinerators regardless of opposition.

SWPCM Act 2007 permit a centralized and coordinated SWM by

faderal gov.

3R initiatives to be implimented.

Positive impacts on local sustainability.

Key economic instruments recommended by EPU. (Economic

planning unit)

GENERAL CONCEPT OF KEY ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPROVING MSWM AT

MALAYSIAN TOURIST ISLANDS

CONCLUSIONS

Take into account of both proponent & opponent’

arguments and interpretations.

Proposed incinerators be managed by an efficient

organization.

Allocation of proper budget.

Proper use of media for public awareness about

safety of incineration technologies.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

ANY QUESTION???