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Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two.

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Page 1: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Incomplete Dominance

Neither allele is dominant over the otherHeterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two.

Page 2: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Incomplete Dominance

Page 3: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Incomplete Dominance

Homozygous red parent: RRcrossed with

Homozygous white parent: WW

RR x WW yields heterozygous offspring

RW that are pink

Page 4: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Incomplete Dominance

Page 5: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Codominance

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Heterozygous offspring express both alleles

Page 6: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Codominance

X

Page 7: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Codominance: A black chicken crossed with a white chicken results in a speckled chicken

Page 8: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

CODOMINANCE: ABO BLOOD TYPES

Blood type depends on the presence or absence of certain carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells

3 alleles are possible: IA

IB

i

Page 9: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO BLOOD TYPES

IA and IB are codominant to each other when they are paired.

i allele is recessive to both IA and IB

Page 10: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO Blood Groups

Page 11: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO Blood Groups

Page 12: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO Blood Types

Blood typing is actually far more complicated than “A”, “B”, and “O”

ABO are the MAJOR antigens There are also MINOR antigens

Rh factor: “+” or “-”

Page 13: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO Blood Types

Page 14: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO Blood Types

Page 15: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO Blood Types

Page 16: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

ABO Blood Types

Why is it important to get the right blood type when getting a transfusion? Transfusion Reactions

Immune system (antibodies) will attack cells that have an antigen that the body doesn’t recognize as “self”

Page 17: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Transfusion Reaction

Page 18: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Multiple Alleles

More than 2 possible alleles exist in a population

Page 19: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Multiple Alleles Coat color in rabbits: there are at least 4

different alleles C = full color (dominant to all other

alleles) c (ch) = chinchilla c (h) = himalayan c = albino (recessive to all other alleles)

Page 20: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Full color rabbit

Page 21: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Chinchilla rabbit: partial defect in pigmentation

Page 22: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Himalayan rabbit: color in only certain parts of body

Page 23: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Albino rabbit: no color; recessive to all other alleles

Page 24: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Polygenic Traits

Traits that are produced by the interaction of more than one different genes

Page 25: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Polygenic Inheritance

For example: coat color in Labrador retrievers is a result of interaction of 2 different genes.

Page 26: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Polygenic Inheritance

Example: comb shape in chickens is a result of interaction between 2 different genes.

Page 27: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

X-Linked Inheritance

Early 1900’s Thomas Morgan’s fruit fly studies

Page 28: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

X-Linked Inheritance

Page 29: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

X-Linked Inheritance More than 300 human traits are X-

linked. Most common X-linked recessive

disorders: Hemophilia Red-green colorblindness Duchenne muscular dystrophy Adrenoleukodystrophy (seen in the

movie Lorenzo’s Oil)

Page 30: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

BARR BODIES

Barr body is found only in females It is a darkly staining area in the

nucleus of a cell that represents an inactivated X chromosome

One X chromosome is randomly inactivated

Page 31: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Barr Body

Page 32: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Barr Body

Do you see the Barr body?

Page 33: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Barr Body: X inactivation

Calico cat Generally all females Have one X chromosome coding for for

gold color, and one X chromosome coding for black color

Color pattern shows how one X chromosome in each cell is randomly inactivated

Page 34: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Calico Cat

There have been instances of male Calico cats found How could this happen?

Page 35: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Male Calico cat?

HINT: Male calico cats are sterile

Page 36: Incomplete Dominance Neither allele is dominant over the other Heterozygous offspring have a phenotype that is somewhere between the two

Male Calico cat?

Answer: Male Calico cats have XXY chromosome configuration A Klinefelter’s cat? Yup, it happens.


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