India have 4 physical division1. NORTHEN MOUNTAIN 2. NORTHEN PLAINS 3 PENINSULAR PLEATU4 COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLAND

THE Northen Mountain can be divided into 2 sub section{A} Trans Himalya

3 Ranges -- karakoram-- laddakh-- zanskar

B The Himalyagreat centeralshivalik

2 Laddakh mountain rangeIt start from gilgit zone in pakistan and extend as kailash mountain in china.

3 Zanskarindus river flow between laddakh and zanskar mountain rang

Himalya1 The Great/Himadri or Inner Himalya

It is the world highest mountain range without volanismIt is in arch shapeNorth boundary is tibbet pleatu and tibbat or trans himalyaIts maximum height in nepal where everest, makalu are locatedkunchanjunga is located on india nepal boundry is2nd high peak of indiaGlacier of himadri are gangotri, yamnotri fromwhere ganga and yamuna originates

5

2 Mid/lesser-Him {discontinuities} –1) Pir Panjal 4 masoorie2) Dhauladhar 5 kumaon hills3) Nag tibba 6 mahabharat (nepal)

3 Shivalik or outer himalyaIt is the newest mountain range of the himalyaIt is still uplifting

1 Kashmir Himalayas:• Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar, Pir Panjal ranges. •The North-Eastern Part of kashmir himalayas is Cold Desert betweenGreater Himalyas and karakoram ranges.• Kashmir valley lies between great himalyas and Pir Panjal and Dal Lake.• Karewa formations occur in the Kashmir valley, highly conductive to saffaron cultivation of zafran variety.• Freshwater lakes in Kashmir Himalayas are Dal and Wular lakes.• Pangong Tso and Tso Moriri are the salt water lakes.

•The rivers passing through this part of Himalayas are Jhelum, Chenab.2 Himachal & Uttaranchal Himalayas:Between Ravi river in west and Kali river in the east,

This part of Himalayas is drained by Indus and Ganga river systems.The Northernmost part of Himacahl Himalayas is an extension

of ladakh cold desert, in Spiti sub-division of Lahul and Spiti.

It consists of Great Himalayan, the Lesser Himalayas and Shiwalikrange from north to south, locally called Dhaoladhar in HimachalPradesh and Nagtibha in Uttarakhand.

‘Dun formations’ are features of this part of Himalayas.All five Prayags are located here.

Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas:It consists of Nepal Himalyas in the west and Bhutan himalyas in east.Though this part is small but significant. Tista is the fast flowing river here. Kanchenjunga peak(Kanchengiri) and deep valleys.Lepcha tribes in high up regions.This area is characterised by absence of Shiwalik formations. In

place of them, there are ‘duar formations’ which are useful for tea garden development

Prevents cold Siberian wind to enter into IndiaNo Himalayas –No Tibet – No rainfall- India would have been desertHimalayas split STWJ into 2 branches – winter rainSource of perennial rivers – great fertile plain

Importance of Himalayas

2 NORTHEN PLANES or indo gangatic plane• The Indo-Gangetic Plain is divided into two drainage basins by the Delhi Ridge; the western part drains to the Indus,

and the eastern part consists of the Ganga–Brahmaputra drainage systems. This divide is only 350 metres above sea level, causing the perception that the Indo-Gangetic Plain appears to be continuous from Sindh in the west to Bengal and Assam in the east.

• •THIS PLANE IS FORMED BY THE DEPOSITION OF RIVERS OF MOUNTAIN MAINLY, AND PLEATU RIVER ALSO HAVE SOME ROLE•IT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 4 PARTS•1 Rajasthan planes

• •2 Punjab planes

• •3 Ganga planes

• 4 Brahmaputra planes ��

It is indias densly populated and the most fertile planes

Rajasthan become desert by the change climatic conditions and dissapering of sarswati river

Sand dunes in rajasthan dsert are formed by the monsson wind or southern trade wind

punjab planes are formed by indus river and its tributries

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Ridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_levelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam

West and East Himalayas

Dafla

Miri

Abor

Western him

Eastern him

दनुिया की 10 % कृषि योग्य भमूि भारत के िदैाि िें है ।भारत के िदैाि िें दनुिया की 30 % जिसँख्या निवास करती है गंगा से मसधं ुके बिच लम्िाई 3200 km है इसकी चौड़ाई 150 से 300 km है ।आसाि िें इसकी चौड़ाई कि है यहाँ संकरा है ब्रह्िपुत्र िदी के्षत्र िेंराजस्थाि िें ज्यादा चौड़ा है ।

Indian planes can be divided into some parts 1 . BHABHAR2 . TARAI 3 . BANGAR 4 . KHADAR 5 . DELTA

भाभर िैदाि मिवामलक पववत के गगररपाद पैर पर मिलते है 8 से 16km चौड़ाई यहाँ िददया गायि हो जाती हैिड़ ेपत्थर कंकर िजरी के जलोढ़ िैदाि मिलते है

भाभर के दक्षक्षण का िदैाि जहाँ लपु्त हुई िददयां वाषपस िैदाि पर प्रकट होती है अगधकांि भाग दलदल है

िांगर का िैदाि ऊँचे भाग है जहां िददयों की िाढ़ का पािी िहीं पहंुचता है ।वतविाि िें कृषि उत्पादि अगधक है परन्त ुभमूि की उववरता कि है

खादर का िैदाि निचला भाग है जहाँ िददयों से िाढ़ की सिस्या सवावगधक पायी जाती है हर विव ियी मिटटी बिछाई जाती है िाढ़ के द्वारा

Plateau of India

hills Plateau