India- Pakistan relationshipTHEN AND NOW

India – Pakistan Relations

• Relations between India and Pakistan have been complex.

• After the dissolution of the British Raj in 1947, two new sovereign nations were formed.

• Numerous attempts to improve the relationship

• All efforts have impeded by periodic terrorist attacks

Issues Impacting India and Pakistan

INDO-PAK WAR OF 1965

Pakistan blames India for stealing Chenab’s water

Indus Water Treaty signed on 19-09-1960 Water of Eastern Rivers allocated to India

and obligation to release Western Rivers water

Water Dispute

In 1988 India Pakistan signed nuclear treatyNuclear Doctrine of Pakistan stating “ a first

strike policy”India’s no First Use PolicySome of the nuclear test Pokharan-I,

Pokharan-II, Kirana-I, Changai-I, Changai-II.

TERRORISMBiggest issue for both the countriesRepeatedly supported terrorist attack against

India.Indian airline flight IC-814 hijack 24/12/1999,

Parliament attack in 2001,26/11 attack and many more.

Future Projections

Three main issues will prove particularly

meaningful for the trajectory of bilateral

relations in the coming years:

Pakistan's potential extension of Most Favored

Nation (MFN) status to India.

The Kashmir dispute.

The Future rivalry in Afghanistan.

Most Favoured Nation Status

Business angle in Pakistan is a significant part

of the debate in granting MFN status to India.

Pakistan's debate on extending MFN status is a

trade issue.

Kashmir Dispute

It is a Zero Sum game.

The Pakistani army is in no position to challenge

India.

Rivalry in Afghanistan

Missing Link.

United States(US) departure.

Future Battleground of Indo/Pakistan Rivalry.

Other Hurdles

• General psyche of the people of both countries

• Lack of right information about each other’s developmental effort.

• Non-existence of opportunities for people to freely mingle,exchange views with each other in an atmosphere of tolerance.

• Recent Holi celebration

Indo-Pak Relations : A destructive Equilibrium

• The seven-decade rivalry between India and Pakistan is often portrayed as intractable.

• Encouraging overtures by newly elected prime ministers Nawaz Sharif and Narendra Modi led hope that the two countries would step up cooperation.

• But other factors- the Pakistani defense establishment and its terrorist proxies, are derailing the process

Glimmers Of Hope

• Pakistan and India have managed to cooperate on “non-securitized,” non-zero sum issues like disaster response and energy

• Discussed a proposal to share information about the level of rivers that run between the two countries to form an early warning flood system.

• India and Pakistan also inked a gas sharing agreement• It’s imperative for the prosperity and stability of the region

that opportunities for cooperation be pursued further• “Aman Ki Asha”• “Friends Without Borders” scheme

What Can Be Done…

• The United States could help by maintaining the largest possible military presence in Afghanistan.

• Open up trade to maximum extent• Reduce substantially expense on conventional

arms and armed forces mutually• Initiation of Peace Movement

Thank You