india & world scenario · economy. more than half of the indian population is dependent on...

16 COMPETITION FOCUSIN May 2018

French President Visited IndiaFrench President Emmanuel Macron made

an official four-day visit to India from March

9 to 12, 2018 at the invitation of Prime

Minister Narendra Modi. He was

accompanied by his wife, Brigitte

Marie-Claude Macron, and a delegation of

businessmen and ministry officials.

Highlightsl His visit was aimed at strengthening the

bilateral economic, political and strategic

dimensions.

l The visit was also aimed at forging not

only strong manufacturing and technology

partnerships but also greater people to

people contacts especially through greater

exchanges of students and researchers.

l Alongwith Prime Minister Modi, the

French President co-chaired the founding

conference of the International Solar

Alliance (ISA) on March 11, 2018.

l On March 12, 2018, Indian Prime

Minister Narendra Modi and French

President Emmanuel Macron inaugurated

Uttar Pradesh’s biggest solar power plant

in Mirzapur district.

l Both sides will continue to enhance and

cooperate in the defence, maritime, space,

security, and energy-related sectors.

l It will also work together on issues of

concerns such as terrorism, climate

change, sustainable growth and

development, infrastructure, smart

urbanization, science and technology

cooperation and youth exchanges.

14 Agreements SignedThe visiting French President Emmanuel

Macron held delegation-level talks with

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in

New Delhi on March 10, 2018.

Following the talk fourteen agreements

are signed between both the countries.

l Agreement signed on the Prevention

of Illicit Consumption and Reduction

of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs,

Psychotropic Substances and

Chemical Precursors and Related

Offences.

l India-France Migration and Mobility

Partnership Agreement signed to

facilitate temporary circular migration

based on mobility and the

encouragement for a return of skills to

the home country.

l Agreement signed to facilitate Mutual

Recognition of Academic

Qualifications.

l Memorandum of Understanding

between India’s Ministry of Railways

and SNCF Motilities, France signed on

technical cooperation in the field of

Railways.

l Letter of Intent for creation of a

permanent Indo-French Railways

Forum.

l Agreement signed regarding the

provision of reciprocal logistics

support between Armed Forces of

India and France.

l MoU signed on cooperation in the

field of Environment.

India & World Scenario

l Agreement signed on

cooperation in the field of

Sustainable Urban

Development.

l Agreement signed

regarding the exchange and

reciprocal protection of

classified or protected

information.

l Implementing Arrangement

made between Indian Space

Research Organisation

(ISRO) and Central National

D’EtudesSpatiales (CNES)

for pre-formulation studies

of a Maritime Awareness

Mission. This arrangement

will provide end-to-end

solution for detection,

identification and

monitoring of vessels in the

regions of interest for

France and India.

l Industrial Way Forward

Agreement signed between

Nuclear Power Corporation

of India Ltd, and EDF,

France for the

implementation of the

Jaitapur nuclear power

project.

l Agreement signed on

cooperation in the matter of

Hydrography and Maritime

Cartography.

l Credit

Facility

Agreement

of Euros

100 million

signed for

funding of

the Smart

City

Projects.

l MoU signed between

National Institute of Solar

Energy (NISE) under India’s

Ministry of New &

Renewable Energy and the

National Solar Energy

Institute (INES), Francefor

working on projects in

International Solar Alliance

(ISA) member countries in

the areas of solar energy

(solar photovoltaic, storage

technologies, etc.) through

transfer of technology and

collaborative activities.


JP NaddaUnion minister J P Nadda was elected onMarch 15, 2018 unopposed to the RajyaSabha from the lone seat in HimachalPradesh. The returning officer declaredhim elected after the deadline forwithdrawing the nominations ended. Theseat had fallen vacant following theexpiry of Nadda's six year term.

The last date of filing nominations wasMarch 12, 2018. The last date ofwithdrawal of nominations wasMarch 15, 2018. As he was the onlycandidate who had filed nomination, hewas elected unopposed for the RajyaSabha seat from Himachal Pradesh.

Nadda became the fourth leader afterCL Verma, Sushil Barongpa and ViplovThakur to get elected twice to RajyaSabha from Himachal Pradesh.

PrakritiPrakriti, a 25 year woman has beeninducted as the first direct-entry combatofficer in the Indo-Tibetan Border Police(ITBP) force. Prakriti had cleared theUnion Public Services Commission(UPSC) exam for officers' recruitment inCentral Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) inher first attempt. Prakriti has a bachelorsdegree in electrical engineering and isnow based in an ITBP unit inUttarakhand's Pithoragarh.

She will soon join the Officers' TrainingAcademy of the force in Dehradun. She isexpected to be commissioned as anAssistant Commandant (AC) next year inthe force after she completes her trainingat Dehradun.

Vivek R. WadekarIRS officer Vivek R. Wadekar wasappointed as the new Special Director inthe Enforcement Directorate (ED) onMarch 6, 2018. In this regard, theAppointments Committee of the Cabinet(ACC) headed by Prime Minister NarendraModi issued an order.

The order said the officer will be based inDelhi and his appointment will be for fiveyears from the date he takes the charge atthe agency. He is a 1991-batch IndianRevenue Service (IRS) officer. Hisappointment has been termed for fiveyears from the date he takes charge.

The ED is the central investigative agency,working under the Union finance ministry,that enforces the Prevention of MoneyLaundering Act (PMLA) and the ForeignExchange Management Act (FEMA) in thecountry.

Neiphiu RioNationalist Democratic Progressive Party(NDPP) leader Neiphiu Rio was appointedas the new Chief Minister of Nagaland onMarch 6, 2018. He was appointed byNagaland Governor P. B. Acharya underclause (1) of Article 164 of theConstitution of India.

In the News...

Rio, who had won unopposedfrom the Northern Angami-IIAssembly constituency onFebruary 12, staked claim toform government with thesupport of 34 legislators onMarch 4, a day after theresults were announced.

The chief minister, along with10 other ministers, wereadministered the oath of officeby Governor P B Acharya onMarch 8 at Khouchiezie,Kohima, Nagaland. Acharyahad asked the newly-electedchief minister to prove hismajority on the floor of theHouse by March 16.

Conrad SangmaNational People’s Party chiefConrad Sangma took oath onMarch 6, 2018 as ChiefMinister of Meghalaya in aceremony presided over byGovernor Ganga Prasad inShillong. Alongwith him,eleven ministers were alsosworn in at the ceremony.

He had met Governor Prasadon Mar 5 andstaked claim toform the newgovernmentwith thesupport of 34MLAs in the60-memberassembly.

Sangmaclaimed thesupport of 19 NPP MLAs of theNPP, six United DemocraticParty (UDP) MLAs, four fromPeople’s Democratic Front(PDF) and two each of the HillState People’s DemocraticParty (HSPDP) and the BJP andan Independent MLAs’support. It has a combinedstrength of 34 MLAs in theAssembly against Congressparty that had won 21 seats onits own.

Conrad Sangma succeedsMukul Sangma of the Congressthat was at the helm in thestate for 10 years. Sangma iscurrently a Lok Sabha MP fromTura constituency. Now withoathtaking, he became the12th chief minister ofMeghalaya.

APPOINTMENT

National

Indian agriculture is plagued by several problems some of them are naturaland some other are man made.

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF

INDIAN FARMERS

Agriculture is one of the mostimportant pillars of the Indianeconomy. More than half of the Indianpopulation is dependent onagriculture for its subsistence. Sincethe beginning years of economicdevelopment, it has been one of themain drivers of growth of the economyas it supplies was a major source ofraw materials to most of themanufacturers.

Current ScenarioThe farmers are demanding waivers onfarm loans and higher prices for theircrops. For decades now, farming inIndia has been doomed by drought,small plot sizes, a depleting watertable, declining productivity and lackof modernisation.

Last year in Maharashtra and MadhyaPradesh, the farmers are on the streetsbecause a bumper harvest fuelled by arobust monsoon has led to a crop glut.

Prices of onions, grapes, soya-bean,fenugreek and red chilli, for example,have deepened.

In most places, the governments havebeen less than swift in paying thefarmer more for the crops-thegovernment sets prices for farming in

India and procures crops from farmersto incentivise production and ensureincome support. The stark observationmade in the Economic Survey of

2015-16 that “Indian agriculture, is ina way, a victim of its own past

success–especially the greenrevolution”, shows the dark reality ofthe agriculture sector at present andthe havoc that has been wreaked bythe green revolution.

The green revolution, which is oftencharacterised by the introduction of

high-yielding variety of seeds andfertilizers, undoubtedly increased theproductivity of land considerably. Butthe growth in the productivity hasbeen stagnant in recent years,resulting in a significant decline in theincome of farmers.

There have also been negativeenvironmental effects in the form ofdepleting water table, emission ofgreenhouse gases, and thecontamination of surface and groundwater. Needless to say, the agriculturesector is in a state of distress, which isseverely affecting peasants andmarginal farmers, and urgent policyinterventions are required to protecttheir interests.

Problem Faced by FarmersThe government has responded to theproblem by constituting a panel,which recommended ways to doublethe income of farmers by 2022. While

this may be an over-ambitious target,if we want to boost stagnatedagricultural growth a shift has to bemade, as finance minister Arun Jaitleysaid in parliament, from food securityof the nation to income security of thefarmers. However, there are manyhurdles that have to be crossed if wewant to achieve this objective such as

InstabilityAgriculture in India is largely dependson monsoon. As a result, production of

food-grains fluctuates year after year.A year of massive output of cereals isoften followed by a year of acuteshortage. This sort of instabilitiescreates a state of fear among farmersas well as market place.

Cropping PatternThe crops that are grown in India aredivided into two broad catego− ries :

food crops and non-food crops. While

the former comprise food-grains,sugarcane and other beverages, thelatter includes different kinds of fibersand oilseeds. There has occurred a fallin agricultural production mainly due

to fall in the output of non-food crops.Moreover Rabi pro− duction hasbecome as important as Kharifpro− duction in the late 1990s. In

1999-2000, for example, the total grainproduction of 209 million tonnes, Rabiaccounted for 104 million tonnes. Thisindicates a structural change inagricultural production.

Land OwnershipAlthough the ownership of agriculturalland in India is fairly widelydistributed, there is some degree ofconcentration of land holding.Inequality in land distribution is alsodue to the fact that there are frequentchanges in land ownership in India. Itis believed that large parcels of landin India are owned by a relativelysmall section of the rich farmers,

landlords and money-lenders, whilethe vast majority of farmers own verylittle amount of land, or no land at all.

Moreover, most holdings are smalland uneconomic. So the advantages of

large-scale farming cannot be derivedand cost per unit with ‘uneco− nomic’holdings is high, output per hectare ishec− tare is low.


1. By which of the following regulation

British East India Company’s trade

monopoly in India was abolished?a. Charter Act of 1793

b. Charter Act of 1813

c. Charter Act of 1833

d. Charter Act of 1853

e. None of the above

3 (b) The East Indian Company Act 1813,also known as the Charter Act of 1813, wasan Act of the Parliament of the UK whichrenewed the Charter issued to the BritishEast India Company and continued theCompnay’s rule in India. However, thecompany’s trade (commercial) monopolywas ended except for the tea trade and thetrade with China by this Act.

2. The following were the Officers in

the ‘Ashta Pradhan’ of Shivaji :

1. Mazumdar 2. Dabir

3. Waknis 4. Surnis

Select the correct answer :

a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3, 4

c. 1, 2, 4 d. 1, 3, 4

e. 1, 2, 3, 4

3 (a) The eight prominent officials ofMarathas were known as Ashta Pradhan.They were as follows : Peshwa (PrimeMinister), Amatya or Mazumdar (FinanceMinister), Waquia-navis (Like a HomeMinister), Sumant or Dabir (Dealing with theOutsiders), Sacheev (The OfficialCorrespondence), Panditrao (The OfficialReligions Officer), Sar-i-nabuat (Armyaffairs), Nyayadhish (Judiciary).

3. Which of the following pair

(building of Mughal period and place)

is not correctly matched?a. Shershah’s Tomb — Sasaram

b. Humayun’s Tomb — Delhi

c. Jahangiri Mahal — Burhanpur

d. Buland Darwaja — Fatehpur Sikri

e. Bibi Ka Maqbara — Aurangabad

3 (c) The Jahangiri Mahal is a residentialpalace built by Akbar within the Agra FortComplex. The palace was inspired by theMan-mandir in Gwalior, built 75 years earlierby the Raja Mansingh Tomar. Themulti-storied palace is faced with finelycarved Redstone. The name of the buildingis connected to the Hauj-i-Jahangiri, a largebowl or tub, found in front of its entrance.Burhanpur is located in South-West ofMadhya Pradesh. It is a historical town onthe North bank of Tapti river.

4. Which of the following is not correct

pair of crop and its leading producing

State?a. Rice : West Bengal

b. Wheat : Uttar Pradesh

c. Cotton : Gujarat

d. Rapes and Mustard : Rajasthan


3 (e) All are correctly matched with theirleading producing State. Two majorproducer States are as follows : Rice-WestBengal and Uttar Pradesh; Wheat-UttarPradesh and Punjab; Cotton-Maharashtraand Gujarat; Rapes and Mustard : Rajasthanand Madhya Pradesh.

5. Which one of the following river

valleys is most important in respect of

coal reserves of the Gondwana period?a. The Son river valley

b. Mahanadi river valley

c. Damodar river valley

d. Godavari river valley


3 (c) The Damodar river valley is the mostimportant in respect of coal reserves of theGondawana period which belongs to theCarboniferous period (570 million years to245 million years back).

6. In the scheme of the physiographic

division of India by SP Chatterjee in

which sub-division of the Peninsular

Plateau the Mahanadi Basin is

included?a. The Northern Deccan Plateau

b. The Southern Deccan Plateau

c. The Eastern Plateau

d. The Eastern Ghats


3 (c) The Eastern Plateau include theBhaghelkhand, the Chhotanagpur, theMahanadi basin and the Dandakaranya.Thus the sub-division of peninsular plateauthe Mahanadi basin is included.

7. Which year is known as

‘Demographic Divide’ in India?a. 1901 b. 1921 c. 1951

d. 1971 e. None of these

3 (b) The year 1921 is taken as thedemographic divide for the reason thatbefore this year, the population was notstable. The growth rate of population wasgenerally low before 1921. But after thisyear, there has been considerable andcontinuous increase in the population viz

11.1% (1921-31), 14% (1931-1941) and13.5% (1941-51).

8. Why the rights are called

Fundamental Rights because

1. It is written in the Constitution.

2. It is democratic.

3. It is public welfare

81COMPETITION FOCUSINMay 2018

Chhattisgarh Public Service Commission (CG PSC)

STATE SERVICES

The question paper of this exam comprised of 100 objective type multiple choice questions

with maximum marks of 200. The exam duration of 120 minutes.

February 18, 2018

(Pre.) EXAM 2017GENERAL STUDIES (Paper-I)

June 3, 2018

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

CIVIL SERVICESPre. Exam 2018

GENERAL STUDIES (Paper-1)In this exam, conducted by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), total 100 multiple choice

questions will be asked. The time allotted to answer the questions is 120 minutes.

1. The Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)is composed of which of the followinggases?

1. Butane 2. Methane

3. Propane 4. EthaneSelect the correct answer using the codes

given below.a. 1 and 2 b. 2, 3 and 4

c. 1 and 3 d. 1, 3 and 4

2. With reference to the DistrictMental Health Programme (DMHP),consider the following statements.

1. It is based on Bellary modeldeveloped by National Institute ofMental Health and Neuro Sciences(NIMHANS).

2. In the 12th plan it has beenentended to all the districts of thecountry.

3. It is a community basedprogramme.

Which of the statements given above are

correct?a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3

c. 1 and 3 d. All of these

3. Which of the following are trueabout conservation of elephants inIndia?

1. Project Elephant was launched in1993 by Government of India.

2. The project aims at reducingman-animal conflict.

3. The project also provides formigration corridors.

4. India has joined E-a group forprotection of elephants.


correct?a. 2, 3 and 4 b. 2 and 3

c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 1, 3 and 4

4. Consider the following statements.

1. Terrace farming are made on thesteep slopes, so that flat surfacesare available to grow crops. Theycan reduce surface run-off and soilerosion.

2. In intercropping, different cropsare grown in alternate rows andare sown at different times toprotect the soil from rain wash.

3. Contour barrier is ploughingparallel to the contours of a hillslope to form a natural barrier forwater to flow down the slope.

4. Shelter belts are the rows of treesthat planted to check the windmovement to protect soil cover inthe coastal and dry regions.


correct?a. 1 and 3 b. 1, 2 and 3

c. 2 and 4 d. 1, 2 and 4

5. Consider the following statementsabout Deendayal Upadhyaya GramJyoti Yojana (DDUGJY):

1. Union government launchedDDUGJY in July, 2015 with an aimto provide 24 7´ uninterruptedelectricity supply to each ruralhousehold across the country by2022.

2. The scheme draws its inspirationfrom the similar pioneeringscheme implemented by thegovernment of Gujarat.

3. The Rajiv Gandhi GrameenVidyutikaran Yojana (RJGGVY) isa separate scheme for ruralelectrification.

Which of the above statement(s) is/arecorrect?a. 1 and 2 b. Only 3

c. 1 and 3 d. All of these

6. With reference to NationalInvestment and Manufacturing Zones(NIMZs), consider the followingstatements:

1. NIMZ aims to enhance the share of

manufacturing in the GDP to 25%

and to create 100 million jobs over

a decade or so.

2. These industrial townships are

proposed to be self-governing and

autonomous bodies under

Article-243 (Q-c) of the

Constitution.

3. Article-243 (Q-c) of the

Constitution deals with

Panchayats and their Constitution.

4. These will be green field integrated

Industrial townships with State of

the art infrastructure.


correct?a. 1, 2 and 4 b. 1, 3 and 4

c. 2, 3 and 4 d. All of these

7. With reference to the response ofthe British against indigo revolt,consider the following statements:

1. It was ruthlessy suppressed with

violent force.

2. The British’s response was

restrained because of the support

extended to the revolt by the

intelligentsia and missionaries.

3. The government appointed a

commission to inquire into the

problem of indigo cultivation.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are

correct?a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 3

c. Only 3 d. Only 2


In this exam, conducted by Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC), total 150 questions of

will be asked. The time allotted to answer the questions is 120 minutes.General Studies

Combined Competitive (Pre.) Exam 2018

To be announced

63rd BPSC

1. ‘Me-Dam-Me-Phi’ festival is afestival of which the communities inNorth-Eastern India?a. Tai-Ahom b. Deori Tribe

c. Garo d. Khasi

e. None of the these/More than one ofthese

2. Who among the following was theTamil poet in Sangam age from SriLanka?a. Gajabahu

b. Eelattu Poothanthevanar

c. Ilambodhiyar

d. Tetradaran

e. None of the above/More than one ofthe above

3. In the early period of Indian history,Tondi was a flourishing seaport ofa. Cheras b. Cholas

c. Pandyas d. Andhras

e. None of these/More than one of these

4. Which of the following IndianStates/UT has the maximumpercentage of mangrove cover in thecountry?a. Gujarat

b. West Bengal

c. Andaman and Nicobar

d. Odisha


5. Barak valley in Assam is famous forwhich among the following?

a. Petroleum production

b. Tea cultivation

c. Bamboo industry

d. Cottage industries


6. The four largest planets of the SolarSystem in decreasing size are

a. Jupiter, Mercury, Saturn and Uranus

b. Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune

c. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

d. Jupiter, Mercury, Saturn and Neptune


7. The number of satellites of theplanet is Mercury is a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 16


8. Identify the fixed cost from thefollowing

a. Labour cost

b. Electricity bill

c. Salary of watchman

d. Cost of machines


9. Which of the following is a variablecost in the short run?

a. Rent of the factory

b. Wages paid to the factory labour

c. Interest payments on borrowedfinancial capital

d. Payment for factory equipment


10. The efficient scale of production isthe quantity of output that minimises

a. average fixed cost

b. average total cost

c. average variable cost

d. marginal cost


11. The 3rd edition of Raisina Dialogue2018 was held in which city?a. New Delhi b. Pune

c. Gandhinagar d. Jaipur


12. Which Indian architect has been

conferred France’s top cultural award

“Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et

Lettres”?a. B V Doshi

b. Aishwarya Tipnis

c. Ebrahim Alkazi

d. Sheila Sri Prakash


13. Which commodity exchange has

launched India’s first agri-commodity

options contract in guar seeds?

a. National Commodity and Derivatives

Exchange (NCDEX)

b. Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX)

c. Universal Commodity Exchange

(UCX)

d. National Multi-Commodity Exchange

(NMCE)

e. None of the above/More than one of

the above

14. Mahatma Gandhi’s remark, “A

post-dated cheque on a crumbling

bank” is regarding the proposals of

a. Simon Commission

b. Cripps Mission

c. Cabinet Mission

d. Wavel Plan


15. Who was the founder-editor of the

famous newspaper ‘Kesari’ during the

national struggle? a. Mahatma Gandhi

b. Jawaharlal Nehru

c. Lokmanya Tilak

d. Muhammad Iqbal



KnowYour State

Small is beautiful can be anappropriate description of this tinystate that attracts travelers withscenery, ancient places, knowledgehouses, monuments, museums, rollinghills, splendid gardens, temples andthe wilderness. More than half of thisland remains covered by evergreenand moist deciduous forests peculiarlyinterspersed with bamboo and canegrowths.

Historical AspectThe history of Tripura is a story whichdates back to the time of theMahabharata. At the centre of theKingdom of Tripura, encompassed thewhole of Eastern Bengal stretchingfrom the Bay of Bengal in the South tothe Brahmaputra River in the Northand West and Burma in the East. Theearliest trace of Tripura can be foundin the Ashokan pillar inscriptions.Around the 7th Century the TripuriKings with the title of 'pha' which

means father, ruled from theKailashahar region in North Tripura.

In the 14th Century the history ofTripura witnessed a change with theshifting of the capital fromKailashahar to Udaipur. It was aroundthe same time that the Tripura kingsadopted the title of Manikya and theManikya dynasty which had a Indo-Mongolian origin ruled Tripura foraround 3000 years.

The Royal history of Tripura ended inthe year 1947 when monarchy in thestate was completely terminated. BirBikram Kishore Manikya was the lastruling Manikya king of Tripura and itwas after his death that Tripura wasacceded to the Union of India. In theyear 1949 Tripura became a UnionTerritory of India and remained sountil 1972 when it was made aconstituent state of the Indian Nation.

GeographyTripura is one of the seven states inthe north eastern part of India locatedbetween 22 degree 24 degree northlatitude and between 90 degree and92 degree east latitude. It is boundedon the north, west, south andsouth-east by Bangladesh whereas inthe east it has a common boundarywith Assam and Mizoram. Tripura’sphysical feature differs from the northto south. It is a land of high hills,hillocks, and interspersed with rivervalleys.

On its north, it has four valleys thathave been separated by hills withheights of about 1,000 meters. On itssouth, it has open forested land spreadover a wide range of area. The climateof the state is hot in summers andcold in winters with the temperaturesranging from 35°C to 10°C. Tripurareceives an average rainfall of 2,100

mm. Due to the sufficient andwell-distributed rainfall; the state hasan ideal composition of land mass andwater that houses a large variety offlora and fauna here. A wide variety ofplant and orchid species are found inthe forests of Tripura. Sal (Shorearobusta) is an important product of theforests here.

Tripura has 4 districts-Dhalai, NorthTripura, South Tripura and WestTripura

The biodiversity is perhaps richenough for a tiny state, but furtherimproved by the conservationendeavors in protected areas coveringfour wildlife sanctuaries and twonational parks. More than 90mammals can be found in the stateincluding species such as elephant,bear, binturong. porcupine, barkingdeer, leopard, clouded leopard andother species of small cats andprimates. Tripura has the highestprimate diversity in the countryhosting seven out of the fifteenprimates found in India. More than400 plant species are found in thestate. The avifauna consists of morethan 300 bird species. Gumti Lake isan Important Bird Area wherethousands of migratory waterfowlreside during the winters.

ClimateTripura has an overall tropical savannaclimate though small variations canoccur in the hills. The state falls in thedirect path of the southwest monsoonswhich has shaped the climate. Thereare four seasons; winter lasts fromDecember to February, summer orpre-monsoon from March to April,monsoon from May to September, andpost-monsoon from October toNovember. Through April to October,

india & world scenario · economy. more than half of the indian population is dependent on...

Documents