indian political system - 1
TRANSCRIPT
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AnIntroduction
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ISINDIAANA
TION?
NAT
ION:alarge
bodyofpeo
pleunitedby
common
descent,history
,culture,orlanguage,inha
bitinga
particularstate
orterritory(OxfordDictio
nary)
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InIndia
wehave..
N
o.ofreligio
ns
D
iversephysicalfeatures
-Drydeserts,Evergre
enforests,F
ertile
p
lains
N
o.oflangua
ges(200)a
nddialects(1400)
N
ouniformcivilcode
D
iversityofclothingandattire
D
iversityinfo
odhabits
N
umeroustrib
alcultures
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Emerg
enceofa
Nation
-Fre
edomStruggle
Revoltof1857
PhaseofMod
erates
Gandhijisentry
Extremistforces
SecondWorld
War
Partition
In
dependence
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Alegaldocumentfor
governance
..
THEC
ONSTITUTION
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ConstitutionofIndia
-TheMaking
Ca
binetMissionPlan
Co
nstituentAssemblyconstitutedinNo
v,
19
46
DraftingComm
ittee(Chairman:B
R
Am
bedkar)
2y
ears,11mo
nths,18days
CA
MEINTOEFFE
CT:2
6thJan,1950
BritishIndia+
PrincelyStates
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ISTHECONSTITUENT
ASSEMBL
Y
TRULYRE
PRESENT
ATIVE??
(BritishIndia:296seats
PrincelyStates:93
seats)
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Features
oftheC
onstitutio
n
Longestwritten
Constitution
intheworld
395Articles(450),2
2Parts(24),8
Schedules
(12)
FundamentalRights
Dir
ectivePrinciplesofStatePolicy
FederalSystem
withUnitar
yBias
Parliamentary
formofGovernment
SynthesisofPa
rliamentary
Sovereignty
&
Jud
icialSuprem
acy
UniversalAdultFranchise
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Largelyaborrowed
Constitution!!!
BritishConstitution
Parliamentary
Government,L
egislativeProcedure,
Bicameralism
US
Constitution
FundamentalR
ights,IndependentJudiciary
Iris
hConstitution
MethodofelectionofPreside
nt,DPSPs
SouthAfricanCon
stitution
Procedurefor
Amendmentof
Constitution
Ca
nada,USSR,Japan,Australia
,Franceetc.
AN
INTELLIGEN
TACTOFPOLITICALENGINEER
ING
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Na
tureofIndia
So
vereign
So
cialist
Se
cular
De
mocratic
Re
public
Lib
erty(ofthought,expres
sion,belief,faith)
Eq
uality(noprivilegestoa
nysection)
Fraternity
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Fund
amentalR
ights
1.R
ighttoEqua
lity
2.R
ighttoFree
dom
3.R
ightAgainstExploitation
4.R
ighttoFree
domofReligion
5.C
ulturaland
EducationalR
ights
6.R
ighttoConstitutionalRe
medies
FRsarejusticia
ble!!
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Dir
ectivePr
incipleso
fStateP
olicy
idealsthatthe
Stateshouldkeepinmindw
hile
formulating
policiesandenacting
law
s
FewExamples:
-P
rovidefreelegalaidtopoor
-S
ecuretherighttowork
-O
rganizevillage
panchayats
-P
rohibitconsumptionofintoxicatingdrinks
-U
niformcivilcode
-P
rotectandimproveenvironment
-T
opromotemonu
ments,p
lacesofhistoricimporta
nce
DPSPs
areNOTjus
ticiable!!
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Fund
amental
Duties
A
ddedtothe
Constitution
in1976
InspiredbyU
SSR
M
ostlyfound
insocialisticnations
FewExamples:
-Respectnationalflagand
nationalan
them
-U
pholdandp
rotectthein
tegrityofIndia
-Safeguardpublicproperty
-Promoteharm
onyandbrotherhood
RIGHTSNEEDTO
BEBALAN
CEDWITHDU
TIES
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O
rgansofUnionG
overnme
nt
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Legislature
Parliamentco
nsistsofPresident&2H
ouses:
LokSabha
RajyaSabha
Powers&Fun
ctionsofParliament
Makeslaws(forwhole
ofIndia)
Executiveisresponsible
toParliament
FinancialPowers
Constituent
Powers
JudicialPowers
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Legislature(co
ntd.)
LOKSABHAHouseofthe
People
M
aximumStrength:552
(530fromstates;20fromUTs;2
nominated)
N
ormaltermof5years
Presidentcan
dissolvebefore5years
M
embersare
directlyelectedbypeo
ple
U
niversalAdultFranchise
(above18yrs)
C
onstituenciesreadjusted
aftereachCensus
(Banonreadjustmenttill2026;CurrentBasis:2
001
census)
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15thLoksabha
T
otalStrengt
h:5
40
H
alf-wayMa
rk:271
U
PA(273)-TMC(19)=254
O
utsidesupp
ortforUPA:50=BSP(21)+
S
P(22)+RJD(4)+JDS
(3)
C
URRENTSTRENGTH=3
04
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Legislature(co
ntd.)
RAJ
YASABHAHouseofStates
M
aximumStrength:250
(238fromstates;12nominatedbyPresident)
Elected:Byelectedmemb
ersofstate
le
gislativeassemblies
N
ominated:P
eoplewiths
pecialknow
ledge
in
art,literatu
re,science&
socialservice
It
isaperman
entbody
O
ne-thirdofitsmembers
retireevery
2yrs
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Legislature(contd.)
Law
-MakingPro
cedure:
-Introduction(o
ftheBill)
-G
eneralDiscu
ssion
-CommitteeStage
-Voting
-M
ajorityofmemberspres
entandvoting
-Similarprocedureinthesecondhouse
-Presidentsassent
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Executive
M
ainfunction:Toexecute
laws
C
onstitutesCouncilofMin
withPMas
head
In
cludesthee
ntiregovern
mentmachin
ery
Presidentisth
eConstitutio
nalHeadofthe
Executive
PMistheRea
lHeadofth
eExecutive
Presidentshallactinacc
ordancewiththe
a
dvicerenderedbyCoun
cilofMinisters
headedbyth
ePrimeMin
ister
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Executive(co
ntd.)
PresidentofIndia
Qualifications:
-C
itizenofIndia
-A
bove35yrsofage
-ShouldholdN
Oofficeof
profit
-Shouldbequalifiedforelectionasa
m
emberofLo
kSabha
-Exemptionsto
officeofp
rofit
(SittingPresident/V
ice-President,Governor,M
inister)
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Executive(con
td.)
Pow
ersofPresident
-Ex
ecutivePow
ers
-Le
gislativePowers
-Ju
dicialPowers
-FinancialPowers
-M
ilitaryPowe
rs
-Em
ergencyPo
wers
ISTHEPRESIDENTREALLYPOWERFU
L?
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Judiciary
In
terpretsand
validateslaws
SupremeCou
rt:Atthetop
ofaninteg
rated
systemofjudiciary
SupremeCou
rt
HighC
ourts
District
C
ourts
Low
erCourts
JudgesofSC
appointedbyPresident
N
o.ofjudges
ofSC:31(30+1)
In
dependenceofjudiciary
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SecondTierofGovernment
STA
TEGOVERNMENTS
-LegislativeAssem
bly(&L.Cou
ncil)
-Somestateshavebicameralle
gislatures
(
AP,Bihar,J
&K,Kar
nataka,UP,Maharastra)
-GovernorPresident
-ChiefMinister
PrimeMinister
Role
ofGovernor
-NomineeofCen
tralGovernm
ent
-Notelected
-Noprocedureforimpeachme
nt
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ThirdTierofGo
vernment
LO
CALGOVERNMENT
Introducedbythe73rdand74thConstitutional
AmendmentActs
of1992
3-
TierPanchayatsystemforrur
alareas
-Villagelevel
-Intermediate
level
-Districtlevel
3
typesofMunicipalitiesforurb
anareas
NagarPanchaya
t,MunicipalCo
uncilandMun
icipal
Corporation
DOESTHETHIRD-TIERREALLYEXIST?
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OrgansoftheGo
vernmen
t
ISTHEREAN
OVERLAP??
LEGISLAT
URE
E
XECUTIVE
JUDICIARY
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