indian political system-2
TRANSCRIPT
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Indian Political System - 2
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ARE WE A
SUCCESSFULDEMOCRACY ? ?
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First Past The Post System
Candidate A: 30%
Candidate B: 30%
Candidate C: 40%
(Rejected by 60%)FPTP used in
- Elections to Lok Sabha
- Elections to Legislative Assemblies of states
56.97%Voter turn-out (2009 General
Elections)
Is it ELECTION or REJECTION ? ?
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Representative Government!!!
MINISTER MINISTRYAs % of Actual
Votes Polled
As % of Total
Eligible Voters
P. Chidambaram Finance 43.13 30.61
Veerappa MoilyPetroleum & Natural
Gas39.90 27.17
Kapil Sibal Communication & IT 59.67 32.95
Sushilkumar
ShindeHome Affairs 52.15 24.31
Manmohan Singh PRIME MINISTER NA NA
A.K.Antony Defence NA NAGhulam Nabi
Azad
Health & Family
WelfareNA NA
Anand Sharma Textiles NA NA
Should voting be made compulsory ??
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Itz a Family Affair !!
Family members in 2009 Elections
Sonia GandhiRahul Gandhi
Sharad PawarSupriya Sule
Sisir AdhikarySubendhu Adhikari Ajit SinghJayant Choudhary
Farooq AbdullahSachin Pilot
M K AzhagiriDayanidhi Maran
Mulayam Singh YadavAkhilesh Yadav
ADMINISTRATION: A hereditary skill
? ?
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Youth in Parliament
(2009 General Elections)
76 yr old Manmohan VS 81 yr old Advani Total no. of MPs below 40 yrs: 81
50 of the 81 come from political families
9 (from the remaining 31) are from studentpolitics
22 out of the 25 young MPs from Congress
have relatives in politics
Every young Minister in UPA is a dynast
A common man entering politics:
POSSIBLE ? ?
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Criminalization of Politics
15th
Lok Sabha Elections (2009)Total Members: 552
One MP represents 1.8 million
people
- -
TYPE OF CHARGES No. of MPs facing
Criminal charges 162Charges of murder 14
Attempt to murder 20
Cheating (Sec 420) 11
Abduction charges 13
TOTAL About 200
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UNParliamentary Behavior
Attendance of members
MPLADS (Local Area Development
Scheme) Behavior in the House
Horse-trading (Defection)
Parliamentary privileges
Cash for Query
R t Hik i S l i f
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Recent Hike in Salaries of
MPs 300% increase in salary
(Rs 16000 to Rs 50000)
100% increase in Constituency Expenses
(Rs 20000 to Rs 40000)
Advance for purchase of vehicle hiked
(Rs 1 lakh to Rs 4 lakh)
Pension (Rs 8000 to Rs 40000)
Addnl Cost for Govt: Rs 103.76 cr peryear
Probably the only group in India
which
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No. of Political Parties in India
(2009 General Elections)
7 - National Parties
34 - State Parties
322 - Registered (Unrecognized Parties)TOTAL: 363 + Independents
How about a single-party system like
China?
US or UK ??
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Age of Coalitions
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Coalitions in India: The
Beginning4 failed Coalitions
Coalition politics is about getting the
arithmetic right
Party in Power Duration and Fall
BJP (Vajpayee)May, 1996 13 days; Lack of numbers
United FrontJune, 1996(HD Deve Gowda) 10 months(Congress withdrawal)
United FrontApril, 1997
(I K Gujral)
11 months
(Congress withdrawal)
NDAMarch, 1998
(Vajpayee)
13 months
(AIADMK withdrawal)
C liti T d
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Coalitions: Towards
Stablization ? NDA & UPA-I completed full 5-yr terms
UPA-II entering 5thyear
Members of UPA (Congress : 204/304 seatsonly)
(271 seats required for majority !!)
India has only 6 national parties:
NCP (national) Rashtriya Lok Dal (UP)DMK (Tamilnadu) Sikkim Democratic Front
Indian Union Muslim League
(Kerala)
All India United Democratic
Front (Assam)
J&K National Conference Samajwadi Party (UP)
Kerala Congress RJD (Bihar)
VCK (Tamilnadu) BSP (national)
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ADVANTAGE:
Regional Parties
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Electoral Reforms
Abolish FPTP (Include a 2ndRound) State funding of elections ??
Candidates participating from multiple
constituencies
Declarations in election affidavits
Increase security-deposits (Now Rs.
10,000)
Exit polls and Opinion polls
Accounting by political parties
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Anti-Defection Law
10thSchedule (1985)
Introduced by Rajiv Gandhi
government
Grounds for Disqualification
- Voluntarily gives up his party
membership
- Violates party Whip
Defection of 2/3rdis treated as
MERGER
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Bureaucracy and CorruptionAsian countries bureaucracy ratings
COUNTRY RATING
India 9.21
Indonesia 8.37
China 7.11
South Korea 5.87
Japan 5.77
Hongkong 3.53
Singapore 2.25
Higher the rating, worse is theperformance !!
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Reasons for high levels of
Corruption
Value system
Minister (NOT the bureaucrat) is
accountable to Parliament Means become ends
Salaries not on par with peers in
Corporates Corrupt political masters (Vote-banks)
Power corrupts and absolute power
corrupts absolutely
Ch k B ti
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Checks on Bureaucratic
Corruption
Evaluation after 15 years
Result Framework Document
Citizens Charter Documentation of advice to
Ministers
File Notings included under RTI Appointing authority is President
ARE THESE ENOUGH ? ?
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Judiciary - Problems
3.5 Crore cases pending in Indiancourts
Unaffordable for the poor
Lengthy proceedings
Lack of efficient judicial personnel
Outdated CrPC and CPC
Corruption in judiciary
Technical nature of cases
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Judiciary - Reforms Fast Track Courts
Regional Benches of SC/HCs
Tribunals for specific matters
No. of judges to be raised
Rural courts for cheap & speedy justice
Indian Judicial Service to be created
Age old CrPC and IPC to be revised
Appointment of SC judges
Declaration by judges
Alternative modes of conflict resolution
P d f
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Procedure for
formation of new states
Article 3 of the ConstitutionProcedure:
- Prior approval of President
- Referring to state Legislative Assembly
- Bill introduced in Parliament
- Simple majority (in both Houses)
- Political Will and Parliament Bill. Thats
it!!
STATES HAVE NO SAY AT ALL !!
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ARE SMALLER STATES
BETTER ?
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Small States vs Larger States
Factors IN FAVOR OF smaller statesEconomic backwardness of sub-regions
Better governance (Administrative convenience)
Better channeling of funds
Similarity in developmental needs of sub-regions
Better democratic participation
Better use of resources
Responsive to local needs
S ll S L
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Small States vs Larger
StatesFactors AGAINST smaller states
Threat to national unity and integrity
Bigger states ensure cohesion and stability (!!!)
Lesser access to human resources
Natural resources
Easy prey for multinational companies
Politically less preferred in the age of coalitions
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How have smaller states
performed?REGION 1994 to 2001 2001 to 2009
UP 3.9 % 5.8 %
Uttarakhand 3.1 % 9.0 %
UP + Uttarakhand 3.8 % 6.1 %
MP 5.1 % 4.7 %
Chattisgarh 1.6 % 7.9 %
MP + Chattisgarh 4.1 % 5.6 %
Bihar 4.8 % 8.5 %
Jharkhand 4.6 % 8.7 %
Bihar + Jharkhand 4.8 % 8.6 %
Does SIZEreally matter?
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It is less about SIZEand
more about
GOVERNANCE
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Centres control over States
Grants in Aid (Finance Commission)
Appointment of Governor
National Development Council National Budget
President Rule
Bills reserved for President
Centres directives to states
P liti dil ti M t
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Politics diluting Monetary
Policy
RBIFormulates Monetary Policy
Objective:
- Regulate money-supply in the economy- To keep inflation under control
How can POLITICS affectMONETARY POLICY?
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Economy in Action
Aggregate
DemandIncreased
capitalinvestmen
t
Increasedproductio
nMore
employment
Increasedsalaries
Increasedspending
Government disrupts the cycle !!!
Governmentdisbursescash viaschemes
andsubsidies
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Section 66A of IT Act
Any person who sends by means of a computer
resource or a communication device any
information that is grossly offensive or has
menacingcharacter; or any information which he
knows to be false, but for the purpose of causing
annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction,insult, injury, criminal intimidation, enmity, hatred,
or ill-will, persistently makes by making use of
such computer resource or a communication
device, any electronic mail or electronic mailmessage for the purpose of causing annoyance
or inconvenienceor to deceive or to mislead the
addressee or recipient about the origin of such
messages shall be punishable with imprisonment
for a term which may extend to three years and
Sec 66A vs Fundamental
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Sec 66A vs Fundamental
Rights Introduced in 2009
Offence under Section 66A is cognisable, non-bailable, and the police have power to arrest
without a warrant
Imprisonment (up to three years) is an automatic
resultbecause the courts do NOT have the powerof choosing imprisonment or fine
Article 19(1)(a): guarantees freedom of speech &
expression to all citizens
Article 19(2): state can impose reasonablerestrictions on this right in the interest of public
order
a hidden tool to restrict free speech in a
democratic country
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