indian political structure group 1

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A political system is a system of politics andgovernment. It is usually compared to the legal system,

economic system, cultural system, and other social

systems. It is different from them, and can be generally

defined on a spectrum from left, e.g. communism, to the

right, e.g. fascism. However, this is a very simplified

view of a much more complex system of categories

involving the views: who should have authority, how

religious questions should be handled, and what the

government's influence on its people and economyshould be.


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-A political system is a complete set ofinstitutions, interest groups (such as politicalparties, trade unions, lobby groups), therelationships between those institutions and the

political norms and rules that govern theirfunctions (constitution, election law).

-A political system is a concept which is

theoretically regarded as a way the governmentmakes a policy and also makes them moreorganized in their administration.

DEFINITION


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INTRODUCTION


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Indiawith a population of around a billion and an electorate ofover 700 millionis the world's largest democracy and, for all itsfaults and flaws, this democratic system stands in marked

contrast to the democratic failures of Pakistan and Bangladeshwhich were part of India until 1947.Unlike the American political system and the British politicalsystem which essentially have existed in their current form forcenturies, the Indian political system is a much more recent

construct dating from India's independence from Britain in 1947.The constitution of India has been one of the most amendednational documents in the world with more than 80 changes.Many of these amendments resulting from disputes involving the

Parliament and the Supreme Court.India's lower house, the Lok Sabha, is modelled on the BritishHouse of Commons, but its federal system of governmentborrows from the experience of the United States, Canada and

Australia.


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Federal system

India,a union of states,is a

sovereign,secular,democratic republic with aparliamentary system of government. The indianpolity is governed in terms of constitution which

was adopted by the constituent assembly on 26thnovember 1949 and came into force on 26th jan1950.


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The President is the constitutional head of Executive of theUnion. Real executive power vests in a Council of Ministers withthe Prime Minister as head. Article 74(1) of the Constitution

provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers headed bythe Prime Minister to aid and advise the President who shall, inexercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice.The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to theLokSabha, the House of the People

In the states, the Governor, as the representative of thePresident, is the head of Executive, but real executive power

rests with the Chief Minister who heads the Council ofMinisters. The Council of Ministers of a state is collectivelyresponsible to the elected legislative assembly of the state.


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The Constitution governs the sharing of legislative powerbetween Parliament and the State Legislatures, and provides forthe vesting of residual powers in Parliament. The power to

amend the Constitution also vests in Parliament.

The Union Executive consists of the President, the VicePresident and Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at

the head to aid and advise the President.

President

The President is elected by members of an electoral collegeconsisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament andLegislative Assemblies of the states, with suitable weightage given toeach vote. His term of office is five years.


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Among other powers, the President can proclaim an

emergency in the country if he is satisfied that the securityof the country or of any part of its territory is threatenedwhether by war or external agression or armed rebellion.When there is a failure of the constitutional machinery in a

state, he can assume to himself all or any of the functionsof the government of that state .

PresidentThe President is elected by members of an electoralcollege consisting of elected members of both Houses of

Parliament and Legislative Assemblies of the states, withsuitable weightage given to each vote. His term of officeis five years.


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The vice president is elected in the same way as president andholds office for five years .the vice president is the ex-officio

chairman of the rajya sabha.

Council of MinistersThe Council of Ministers comprises Cabinet Ministers, Minister

of States (independent charge or otherwise) and DeputyMinisters. Prime Minister communicates all decisions of theCouncil of Ministers relating to administration of affairs of theUnion and proposals for legislation to the President. Generally,

each department has an officer designated as secretary to theGovernment of India to advise Ministers on policy matters andgeneral administration. The Cabinet Secretariat has animportant coordinating role in decision making at highest level

and operates under direction of Prime Minister.

Vice President


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Rajya SabhaThe RajyaSabha consists of 245 members. Of these, 233represent states and union territories and 12 members arenominated by the President. Elections to the RajyaSabhaare indirect; members are elected by the elected membersof Legislative Assemblies of the concerned states. The

RajyaSabha is not subject to dissolution, one third of itsmembers retire every second year.

Lok Sabha

The LokSabha is composed of representatives of the people chosenby direct election on the basis of universal adult suffrage. As of today,the LokSabha consists of 545 members with 2 members nominatedby the President to represent the Anglo-Indian Community. Unlessdissolved under unusual circumstances, the term of the LokSabha is

five years.


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State Governments

The system of government in states closely resembles

that of the Union. There are 25 states and seven Unionterritories in the country.

Union Territories are administered by the Presidentthrough an Administrator appointed by him. Till 1February 1992, the Union Territory of Delhi wasgoverned by the Central government through an

dministrator appointed by the President of India.Through a Constitutional amendment in Parliament,

the Union Territory of Delhi is now called theNational Capital Territory of Delhi from 1 February1992. General elections to the Legislative assembly ofthe National Capital Territory were held in November

1993.


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CONCLUSION


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Politics in India is much rougher and much

more corrupt that in the democracies ofEurope and North America.Political assassination is not uncommon: the

revered Mahatma Gandhi in 1948, the PrimeMinister Indira Gandhi in 1984, and the PrimeMinister Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 were all killedby assassins.

Communal, caste and regional tensionscontinue to haunt Indian politics, sometimesthreatening its long-standing democratic andsecular ethos.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

-http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=indian+p

olitical+system&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF-

8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wi

-www.wikianswers.com-Introduction of the constitution of India by Durga Das Basu

indian political structure group 1

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