indian thinkers on education

7/23/2019 Indian Thinkers on Education

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INDIAN THINKERS ON EDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF TAGORE

CONCEPT OF EDUCATIONEducation is to produc !ood t"in#rs and ac"i$rs in a%% aspcts o& %i&'(

Education to ) ra% *ust ) o& t" +"o% *an, o& t" *otions and t" snssas *uc" as o& t" int%%ct' -an in t" &u%%nss, said Ta!or, is not %i*itd ). t"indi$idua% )ut o$r&%o+s in "is co**unit.' And so in "is sc"oo%, a%on! +it" trainin! inindi$idua% initiati$ and s%&/r%ianc, 0ua% *p"asis +as %aid on co**unit. sr$ic'Nor is ducation a p%ant t"at can ) *ad to !ro+ as an 1otic $arit. in t" "ot "ous'I& it dos not stri# roots int" soi% and adapt its%& to t" natura% n$iron*nts, it "as %itt% $a%u &or t" pop% asa +"o%'

T" ai*s o& ducation accordin! to Ta!or ar2

3'E*ancipation and Pr&ction o& -anA)out t"is Ta!or sa.s, 4T" "i!"st ducation is t"at +"ic" dos not *r%. !i$us in&or*ation )ut *a#s our %i& in "ar*on. +it" a%% 1istnc'4 H ai*s at pr&ctionnot on%. o& )od. or *ind )ut a%so t"at o& sou%' It is t" &u%%st !ro+t" and &rdo* o& sou%'In ordr to ac"i$ t"at ai* in "is nda$ours " *a#s ducation as )road )asd aspossi)%'5' -ora% D$%op*ntO& t" c"i%d is t" scond ai* o& ducation accordin! to Ta!or' Ta!or attac"d&or *or si!ni&icanc to *ora% $a%us in ducation t"an &or *r rsu%ts o& scinc+"ic" producd a s.st* and p".sica% po+r'6' Unit. o& Trut"

H sa.s t"at P".sica%, int%%ctua% and spiritua% %i& ar on and + *ust !i$ t"is 7dadto t" c"i%drn' T"is +a., "ar*on. +i%% pr$ai% and +"n + do not do t"is, t"r isa )ra# )t+n t" int%%ctua%, p".sica% and spiritua% %i&'

8' Education s"ou%d d$%op intrnationa% out%oo# is anot"r ai*'

9' Education s"ou%d ) Crati$Ta!or dos not +ant to ) *r in&or*ati$ )ut dsirs t"at it s"ou%d ) crati$ a%so'H sa.s, 4T" !rat us o& ducation is not *r%. to co%%ct &acts, )ut to #no+ *an andto *a# ons%& #no+n to *an'4 O& cours, ducation is to d$%op on p".sica%%.'It s"ou%d ) uti%itarian too'

CURRICULU-2

Ta!or +as a natura%ist and a%so an ida%ist and " +ants t"in!s o& )aut. andnic $irtus to ) tau!"t in t" curricu%u*' H %a.s strss on t"os su):cts +"o *a# ac"i%d &u%% and ric" in #no+%d!' H a%so +ants t"* to apprciat trut", )aut. and!oodnss'


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Su):cts rco**ndd ). "i* to ) tau!"t ar2 Histor., !o!rap"., natur stud.,%an!ua!, and scinc' Acti$itis or &inr su):cts +i%% inc%ud *usic, art, potr., dancin!,and dra*atics'H +as $r. particu%ar a)out -usic and Dra*a' -usic is ssnc o& %i& anddra*a r%ass t" c"i%drn7s tnsions and an1itis'

Sri Aurobindo/ SHREE AUROBINDO

Education is Yo!a, a procss o& %i)ration not on%. &ro* t" +or%d%. )onda!s o& painsand su&&rin!s )ut a%so &ro* t" *nta% )onda!s o& i!noranc and $i%s' T"atducation *a#s *an &r &ro* t" )onda!s and )arrirs'(

Auro)indo a%so )%i$d t"at t"r is ;ra"*a in $r.)od., t"r is innat po+r insidt" *an and ducation +ou%d na)% *an to disco$r t" sa*'

Sinc )ot" *attr and spirit ar ncssar. &or t" +%&ar o& *an#ind, ducation s"ou%d"%p in )rin!in! a)out a )a%ancd d$%opd in )ot"'

3' S%&/ra%i


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T" Spiritua% ducation ai*s at 0ua%itis %i# &ait" in God, in t"trans*i!ration o& sou%, %o$ in $r. %i$in! and non/%i$in! )odis and ot"r di$in $a%us'Sri Auro)indo d$%opd an ducation s.st* +"ic" is popu%ar%. #no+n as int!ra%ducation' Int!ra% Education ai*s at )rin!in! a)out c"an! not *r%. in t" socit.)ut

pri*ari%. in t" "u*an )"a$iour or natur its%&' T"r&or it s#s to "%p t" indi$idua%as&o%%o+s23' To d$%op an int!rat prsona%it. o& )ot" t" pupi% @ t" tac"r'5' To ra%i


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T" ?das ar t" o%dst scripturs in t" +or%d' T" Indian p"i%osop"ica% s.st*s arc%assi&id accordin! as t". accpt t" aut"orit. o& t" ?das or not' T" s.st*s o&Indian p"i%osop". ar c%assi&id into t+o !roups2

=3> T" Ort"odo1 S.st*s

=5> T" Unort"odo1 S.st*s

T" ort"odo1 s.st*s ar2 ?ais"s"i#a, N.a.a, Sa*#".a, Yo!a, Pur$a/-i*a*sa, andUttar/-i*a*sa'

T" unort"odo1 s.st*s ar2 C"ar$a#is*, ainis* and ;udd"is*'

Sa*#".a

Sa*#".a is on o& t" *ost pro*innt and on o& t" o%dst o& Indian p"i%osop"is' An*innt, !rat sa! Kapi%a +as t" &oundr o& t" Sa*#".a Sc"oo%'

;asd on t" Upanis"ads, t+o sc"oo%s o& p"i%osop". d$%opd in India2 =3> T"ra%istic ='!' Sa*#".a> =5> T" ida%istic ='!'?danta>' T" Sa*#".a p"i%osop".co*)ins t" )asic doctrins o& Sa*#".a and Yo!a' Ho+$r it s"ou%d ) r**)rdt"at t" Sa*#".a rprsnts t" t"or. and Yo!a rprsnts t" app%ication or t"practica% aspcts'

T" +ord Sa*#".a is )asd upon t" Sans#rit +ord sa*#".a +"ic" *ans Bnu*)r'T" sc"oo% spci&is t" nu*)r and natur o& t" u%ti*at constitunts o& t" uni$rs

and t"r). i*parts #no+%d! o& ra%it.' In &act, t" tr* Sa*#".a a%so *ans pr&ct#no+%d!' Hnc it is a s.st* o& pr&ct #no+%d!'

Yo!a

Patan:a%i +as t" proponnt o& t" Yo!a s.st*' Yo!a is c%os%. associatd +it"Sa*#".a' Yo!a is %ar!%. )asd on t" Sa*#".a p"i%osop".' T". ar t+o sids o& t"sa* coin' Sa*#".a is t" t"or., Yo!a is t" practic' It s"ou%d ) notd, "o+$r,t"at Sa*#".a is )asica%%. an at"istic s.st*, )ut Yo!a is t"istic'

?ais"s"i#a

Kanada, a %arnd sa!, &oundd t"is s.st*' T"is s.st* is )%i$d to ) as o%d asainis* and ;udd"is*' Kanada prsntd "is dtai%d ato*ic t"or. in ?ais"s"i#a/Sutra' ;asica%%., ?ais"s"i#a is a p%ura%istic ra%is*' It 1p%ains t" natur o& t" +or%d+it" s$n cat!oris2


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Dra$.a =su)stanc>, !una =0ua%it.>, #ar*a=action>, sa*an.a=uni$rsa%>, $is"s"a=particu%ar>, a*a$a.a=in"rnc> and a)"a$a =non/1istnc>'

?ais"s"i#a contnds t"at $r. &&ct is a &rs" cration or a n+ )!innin!' T"us t"iss.st* r&uts t" t"or. o& pr/1istnc o& t" &&ct in t" caus' Kanada dos not

discuss *uc" on God' ;ut t" %atr co**ntators r&r to God as t" Supr* Sou%,pr&ct and trna%' T"is s.st* accpts t"at God =Is"$ara > is t" &&icint caus o& t"+or%d' T" trna% ato*s ar t" *atria% caus o& t" +or%d'

?ais"s"i#a rco!ni is accptd as ato*ic )ut indi$isi)% and trna% su)stanc' T"*ind "%ps to sta)%is" t" contact o& t" s%& to t" 1trna% +or%d o):cts'

T" sou% d$%ops attac"*nt to t" )od. o+in! to i!noranc' T" sou% idnti&is its%&

+it" t" )od. and *ind' T" sou% is trappd in t" )onda! o& #ar*a, as acons0unc o& actions rsu%td &ro* count%ss dsirs and passions' It can ) &r&ro* t" )onda! on%. i& it )co*s &r &ro* actions' Li)ration &o%%o+s t" cssationo& t" actions'

N.a.a

N.a.a is an ort"odo1 sc"oo% o& p"i%osop".' It +as &oundd ). a !rat sa! ca%%dGauta*a, not to ) con&usd +it" t" Lord ;udd"a'

N.a.a accpts t" )asic p"i%osop". o& ?ais"s"i#a s.st*' It can ) said t"at t"?ais"s"i#a s.st* is t"or., N.a.a is t" practic'

N.a.a rco!ni


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accidnta% on' Accordin! to N.a.a, sa%$ation is t" stat o& a)so%ut &rdo*' It is&rdo* &ro* a%% pains and p%asurs' T"n t"r is &rdo* &ro* t" c.c% o& t" )irt"and dat" a%so'

Pur$a -i*a*sa

T" Sans#rit +ord 7*i*a*sa *ans a Br$rd t"ou!"t' T" +ord is ori!inatd &ro*t" root B*an +"ic" r&rs to Bt"in#in! or Bin$sti!atin!' T" +ord 7*i*a*sa7 su!!sts4pro)in! and ac0uirin! #no+%d!4 or 4critica% r$i+ and in$sti!ation o& t" ?das4'Pur$a/-i*a*sa is a%so #no+n as Kar*a -i*a*sa sinc it da%s +it" t" Kar*icactions o& ritua%s and sacri&ics' Uttar/-i*a*sa is a%so #no+n as ;ra"*an -i*a*sasinc it is concrnd +it" t" #no+%d! o& Ra%it.'

It ndorss t" ra%it. o& t" +or%d as +%% as t"at o& t" indi$idua% sou%s' T" sou% isaccptd as an trna% and in&init su)stanc' Consciousnss is an accidnta% attri)uto& t" sou%' T" sou% is distinct &ro* t" )od., t" snss and t" *ind' T"ou!"

Ku*ari%a ;"atta and Pra)"a#ara di&&r on issus %i# t" s%&, t" sou% and it attri)ut'T" ar%ir *i*a*sa#as do not !i$ *uc" i*portanc to t" ditis' Hnc t". do notndors God as t" crator o& t" uni$rs' ;ut %atr *i*a*sa#as s"o+ a )nt to+ardst"is*'

T"is s.st* "as a pro&ound &ait" in t" ?das' T" s.st* supports t" %a+ o& #ar*a'It )%i$s in t" Unsn Po+r or Bapur$a' Apart &ro* accptin! t" "a$n and t""%%, t" s.st* supports t" t"or. o& %i)ration'

Uttar -i*a*sa

Uttar -i*a*sa is t" ?danta, on o& t" *ost si!ni&icant o& a%% Indian p"i%osop"is' Asco*pard to ot"r s.st*s, its ad$nt and !ro+t" is rcnt'

T" ?danta p"i%osop". is &ocusd on t" a!at=t" uni$rs>, t" i$a=indi$idua% sou%>and t" ;ra"*an =t" Supr* ;in!>' ;ra"*an is t" rpositor. o& a%% #no+%d! andpo+r' i$as ar trappd in t" a!at' Attac"d to t" p".sica% +or%d and dri$n ).passions and dsirs, t". r*ain c"aind to cas%ss actions =#ar*a>' As a rsu%t,t". su):ct t"*s%$s to count%ss )irt"s in $arious &or*s' T"ir trans*i!ration &ro*t"is )irt" =%i&> to t" n1t dpnds on t" #ar*a =t" 0ua%it. o& action>' -o#s"a or *u#ti=%i)ration> is t" !oa% o& %i&'

T" ;asic Concpts o& Ad$aita ?danta

T" Ad$aita ?danta &ocuss on t" &o%%o+in! )asic concpts2

;ra"*an, at*an, $id.a =#no+%d!>, a$id.a =i!noranc>, *a.a, #ar*a and *o#s"a'

=3> ;ra"*an is t" U%ti*at, Supr* Ra%it.' ;ra"*an is trna%' ;ra"*an is).ond +ords' It is ).ond na*s and &or*s' ;ra"*an can not ) prci$d nor cou%d


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it ) dscri)d ). +ords' It is ).ond snss and int%%ct' It is ind&ina)%' Ho+$r, i&at a%% it "as to ) dscri)d ;ra"*an can ) considrd as Pur Consciousnss'

In ?danta p"i%osop"., t" s$aroop o& ;ra"*an is r&rrd to as Sac"c"idananda';ra"*an is Sac"c"idananda i'' Sat/C"itta/Ananda=Pur E1istnc/Pur

Consciousnss/Pur ;%iss>' ;ra"*an is trna%, i**uta)%, in1prssi)% andunt"in#a)% pur/1istnc, )ut it is not t" caus or t" crator o& t" uni$rs'

=5> At*an is t" in*ost S%& or Spirit o& *an )ut di&&rnt &ro* t" B*pirica% !o'At*an is t" &unda*nta%, u%ti*at, trna%, i**uta)% pur consciousnss' T"us, itappars t"at ;ra"*an is t" u%ti*at ra%it. )"ind a%% +or%d/o):cts and At*an is purspirit in a%% )in!s' Tru%. spa#in!, )ot" ;ra"*an and At*an ar not di&&rnt ra%itis'T". ar idntica%' For practica% purposs, t". ar r&rrd to sparat%., +"ic" t".ar not' T". ar t" trna%, a%%/pr$adin! ra%itis undr%.in! a%% 1istnc' T". art+o di&&rnt B%a)%s &or on and t" sa* ra%it. )"ind a%% t" o):cts, a%% *attr, a%%)in!s o& t" uni$rs'

=6> -a.a is t" uni0u po+r =s"a#ti> o& ;ra"*an' -a.a is tri!unat*i#a it "as t"r!unas or attri)uts' ;ut S"udd"a ;ra"*an is nir!una and is &r &ro* attri)uts'S"udd"a Nir!una ;ra"*an a%on is t" Supr* Ra%it.' "n Nir!una ;ra"*anco*s to ac0uisc -a.a and ac#no+%d!s t" !unas o& *a.a, it is #no+n as Sa!una;ra"*an' Sa!una ;ra"*an is God, t" crator, sustainr and dstro.r o& t" +or%d'Sa!una ;ra"*an is Is"$ara or a Bprsona% !od' -an +ors"ips !ods in di&&rnt &or*sand na*s'

=8> ;ra"*an *ani&sts its%& in t" +or%d +it" t" "%p o& -a.a' T" +or%d and t"

+or%d o):cts co* into 1istnc du to t" po+r o& *a.a' -a.a and its cration istr*d i%%usor.' It dos not *an t"at t" +or%d is not ra%' Unra%it. and i%%usion ardi&&rnt' An i%%usion *a. not ) an unra%it. &or an i%%usion is !roundd in ra%it.' Ra%it.is t"at +"ic" 1ists on its o+n' -a.a is dpndnt on ;ra"*an' -a.a "as cratd t"+or%d o& apparancs' So t" +or%d is i%%usion' ;ut t"is dos not *an at a%% t"at t"+or%d is non/1istnt' T" Ad$aita?danta, +it" t" "%p o& t" &a*ous ropsna#(i%%ustration, *aintains t"at Bit is nit"r u%ti*at%. ra%, nor +"o%%. unra%, i%%usor. andnon 1istnt'

=9> A$id.a =i!noranc> "as its sat in t" "u*an int%%ct' A$id.a *ans not on%.a)snc o& #no+%d!, )ut a%so rronous #no+%d!' A *an trappd in A$id.a dos

not #no+ +"at is ra% and t"in#s t"at t" apparancs ar ra%' An indi$idua% idnti&is"i*s%& +it" *pirica% s%&' H 0uats "is 1istnc +it" t" p".sica% )od.' Undr t"in&%unc o& -a.a and A$id.a, " dissociats "i*s%& &ro* t" U%ti*at Ra%it.' "nt" *an ac0uirs #no+%d!, t" dua%it. o& t" s%& and ;ra"*an disappars' Hra%i


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=> -o#s"a is &rdo* &ro* )onda! o& i!noranc' -an su&&rs in t" !rip o&incssant dsirs and i!noranc' Upon ra%i =5> In&rnc =anu*ana> =6> Tsti*on.=s"a)da> =8>Co*parison =upa*ana> =9> Postu%ation =art"apatti> => Non/co!nition =anupa%a)d"i>

C"ar$a#is*

C"ar$a#is* is on o& t" unort"odo1 s.st*s o& Indian p"i%osop".'

C"ar$a#is* is *atria%is*' It is )%i$d to "a$ st**d in t" post/Upanis"adic ra,)ut )&or t" ris o& ;udd"is*' A sa!, C"ar$a#a, is )%i$d to ) t" &oundr o& t"isIndian s.st* o& *atria%is*'

Li# ot"r sc"oo%s o& p"i%osop"., C"ar$a#is* 1p%ors t" sourcs and $a%idit. o& *ans#no+%d! o& ra%it.' T" C"ar$a#a *atria%ists $a%idat BPrat.a#sa =prcption> as t"so% sourc and critrion o& #no+%d!' For t" *atria%ist, t" sns prcption=prat.a#sa> is t" on%. accpta)% sourc and "nc t". ru% out Bin&rnc andBtsti*on. as t" sourc and critrion o& #no+%d!' T" *atria%ists *p"asi


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ainis*

T"ou!" it is +id%. )%i$d t"at ?ard"a*ana -a"a$ira =J 9 ;'C' 95 ;'C'J>&oundd ainis*, t" ain tradition *aintains t"at " +as t" 58t" Tirt"an#ara o&ainis*' Ris"a)"ad$a +as t" &irst Tirt"an#ara' Pars"$anat"a +as t" 56rd

Tirt"an#ara'

T" t+o *ain scts o& ainis* ar2 =3> Di!a*)ara =5> S"+ta*)ara'

T" Di!a*)aras )%i$ t"at a *on# *ust !i$ up a%% proprt. inc%udin! c%ot"s andt"n on%. t". !t *o#s"a' T". a%so dn. t" ri!"t o& +o*n to *o#s"a'

ainis* is )ot" a p"i%osop". and a r%i!ion' It is a "trodo1 p"i%osop". in t" snst"at it dos not up"o%d t" aut"orit. o& t" ?das' It is at"ist and dos not accpt t"1istnc o& God' ainis* r:cts t" concpt o& a Supr* ;in! or t" ;ra"*an ast" crator o& t" +or%d' T" Tirt"an#aras ar t" %i)ratd sou%s' T" &o%%o+rs o&&r

pra.rs to t" Tirt"an#aras'

ainis* )%i$s t"at t" uni$rs is trna% and )ound%ss =in&init>'

T" ains c%assi&. a%% t" t"in!s into t+o !roups2 B:i$a and Ba:i$a' i$a is +"at is #no+nas t" sou% or t" Bat*an or t" Bpurus"a in ot"r s.st*s' i$a can ) considrd asBt" co*posit unit o& )od. and sou%' T" sou% *ani&sts its%& in a *atria% )od.' Itsssntia% c"aractr is consciousnss' T" :i$as or t" sou%s ar innu*ra)% and ardi$idd into *an. !rads or cat!oris dpndin! on t" sns/or!ans t". possss'T" :i$a is not pr*annt' Its *a!nitud #ps on c"an!in! &ro* )od. to )od.' T"sou% o& an %p"ant is )i!!r t"an t"at o& an insct'

"i% t" Hindu p"i%osop"is *aintain t"at t" #ar*a is i**atria%, ainis* ad$ancst" *atria% &or* o& #ar*a' Accordin! to ainis*, #ar*a is 4paud!o%i#4 it is constitutdo& su)t% partic%s o& *attr'

;udd"is*

Gauta*a ;udd"a =96 ;'C' 86 ;'C'> +as t" &oundr o& ;udd"is*'

;udd"is* !i$s i*portanc to t" i*pr*annc o& 1istnc and t" su&&rin!sassociatd +it" it' A%% 1istnc, ani*at or ani*at, )in! in a stat o& &%u1, undr!os

c"an!s incssant%.' Not"in! is pr*annt' E1istnc is t" sourc o& a%% su&&rin!' Li&is su&&rin!' T" i*pr*annc its%& is t" !ratst du#"a' I!noranc %ads tosu&&rin!s and )onda!' Kar*a is )orn out o& i!noranc'

Kar*ic i*prssions ar carrid &ro* t"is )irt" to t" n1t )irt"' T"is *ans t"at t"prsnt conditions o& %i& ar t" rsu%ts o& t" past #ar*a' E$r. t"ou!"t, +ord or actiono& t" past 1istnc "as a )arin! on t" prsnt 1istnc'


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T" *ost Bstri#in! &atur o& ;udd"is* is t" doctrin o& non/s%& =Anatta>' In a !%arin!and s"arp contrast to t" *a:or p"i%osop"is, t" ;udd"is* dos not accpt t"pr*annt ntit. suc" as Bsou% or t" Bat*an' It *aintains t"at t"r is no pr*anntand ndurin! ntit. in *an' T"r is no distinct ntit. as t" s%& or t" sou%' ;udd"is*ad$ancs t" t"or. o& Nir$ana' Nir$ana is a stat o& tota% &rdo* and no su&&rin!s'

it" pr&ct #no+%d!, pr&ct pac and pr&ct +isdo*, *an is &r &ro* a%%)onda! in a stat o& Nir$ana'

Lord ;udd"a "as prsntd &our No)% Trut"s2

=3> E1istnc is in$aria)%. associatd +it" su&&rin!' =5> E$r. su&&rin! =du#"a> "as acaus' =6> Su&&rin! can ) %i*inatd i& t" caus is %i*inatd' =8> T"r is a pat" toNir$ana +"ic" puts an nd to a%% su&&rin!s'

T" i!"t/&o%d pat" to Nir$ana su!!std ). t" ;udd"a is2 =3> Ri!"t $i+s =5> Ri!"trso%$ =6> Ri!"t spc" =8> Ri!"t conduct =9> Ri!"t %i$%i"ood => Ri!"t &&ort =>

Ri!"t *ind&u%nss => Ri!"t concntration'

;udd"is* is di$idd into t+o scts2 -a"a.ana and Hina.ana' -a"a.ana %itratur is+rittn in Sans#rit and Hina.ana %itratur is +rittn in Pa%i'

Ort"odo1 =Hindu> Sc"oo%sSa*#".a

Accordin! to t" princip%s o& San#".a p"i%osop".

an action =Kar.a> is a%rad. in"rnt in a caus, so it is a truis* to r*ar# t"at t"

d$%op*nt o& *an is a%rad. in"rnt in "i* =*an>' Hnc t" +or# o& ducation is to)rin! out t" d$%op*nt o& *an to t" &u%%st 1tnt'

San#".a accpts t" Pra#riti =i'', t" *attr> and Purus" =i'' t" spirit> as t"&unda*nta% %*nts, )ut it "as $r. c%ar%. pointd out t" )asic di&&rncs )t+nt" t+o' Accordin! to San#".a p"i%osop". tru ducation is t"at +"ic" ac0uaints on+it" t" di&&rncs )t+n Pra#riti and Purus" =*attr and spirit>'

Yo!aSri Auro)indo said Education is Yo!a, a procss o& %i)ration not on%. &ro* t" +or%d%.

)onda!s o& pains and su&&rin!s )ut a%so &ro* t" *nta% )onda!s o& i!noranc and$i%s' T"at is 4Sa $idd.a .a ?i*u#ta.a4 ducation t"at *a#s *an &r &ro*t")onda!s and )arrirs'

Auro)indo a%so )%i$d t"at t"r is ;ra"*a in $r.)od., t"r is innat po+r insidt" *an and ducation +ou%d na)% *an to disco$r t" sa*'


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Sinc )ot" *attr and spirit ar ncssar. &or t" +%&ar o& *an#ind, ducation s"ou%d"%p in )rin!in! a)out a )a%ancd d$%opd in )ot"'

N.a.aIt "o%ds t"at "u*an su&&rin! rsu%ts &ro* *ista#sd&cts producd ). acti$it. undr+ron! #no+%d! =notions and i!noranc>'M -o#s"a =%i)ration>, it stats, is !aindt"rou!" ri!"t #no+%d!' T"is pr*is %d N.a.a to concrn its%& +it" pist*o%o!.,t"at is t" r%ia)% *ans to !ain corrct #no+%d! and to r*o$ +ron! notions' Fa%s#no+%d! is not *r%. i!noranc to Nai.a.i#as, it inc%uds d%usion' Corrct#no+%d! is disco$rin! and o$rco*in! on7s d%usions, and undrstandin! trunatur o& sou%, s%& and ra%it.'

?ais"s"i#aT" )asis o& t" sc"oo%7s p"i%osop". is t"at a%% o):cts in t" p".sica% uni$rs arrduci)% to a &init nu*)r o& ato*s, and ;ra"*an is r!ardd as t" &unda*nta%&orc t"at causs consciousnss in t"s ato*s'

Pur$a -i*a*sa?das?danta

PHILOSOPHY OF ?EDAST" ?das, Upanis"ads, Puranas and pics ar t" sourcs to #no+ t" ancint Indian

p"i%osop". and ducation' it" a $i+ to undrstand t" p"i%osop". o& ?das, it is $r.ncssar. to undrstand t" *anin! o& t" +ord ?daB' ?da is dri$d &ro* t" rooto& Sans#rit +ord ?idB' ?id *ans to2To #no+ God, sou%, natur @ *indQTo ) on +it" GodQTo o)tain sa%$ationQTo considr $arious r%ations"ipsQTo &% onnss +it" GodQTo t%% !%oris o& GodQTo d+%% into t" *.stris o& uni$rsQ

Education *ust ai* at s%&/ &u%&i%%*nt and pro$id &rdo* &ro* *atria% dsirs andattac"*nt'

Education *ust pro$id #no+%d! &or crati$it. and pursuit o& cu%tur and ci$i%i


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Education +as &or indi$idua% +"ic" +as its c"i& concrn' Education s"ou%d t"r&orai* at o$ra%% d$%op*nt o& an indi$idua%'

Education s"ou%d *a# *an on +it" natur'

;udd"ist p"i%osop".

Education is t" #. to radicat i!noranc as it is t" root caus o& su&&rin!s'Education s"ou%d ) pro$idd in pac&u% surroundin!s and +it" or!ani


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that the philosophy should lead a man from darness and ignoranceto light and no!ledge. (") There is a general agreement among thesystems that the truth and reality should #e veri$a#le. They should#e su#stantiated !ith reasoning and e%perience. An e%perience may#e sensory, conceptual or intuitional. (&) 't is accepted #y all theschools that mans suering results from his ignorance. *an cancon+uer ignorance and attain total freedom (moksha) in this #odilye%istence. () There is a general agreement on mans essentialspirituality.

indian thinkers on education

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