indian wars. apache and navajo wars (1861- 1886) apache – az, nm, and co territories navajo – nm...
TRANSCRIPT
Indian Wars
Apache and Navajo Wars (1861-1886)
• Apache – AZ, NM, and CO territories
• Navajo – NM and CO territories
• Geronimo
• Col. Christopher
“Kit” Carson
• Carson kills or relocates many Apache to reservations in 1862.
• Clashes drag on until Geronimo surrenders in 1886.
• Navajo surrender in 1863, but Carson attacks before and kills hundreds, destroys homeland.
• Navajo move to NM reservation in 1865.
Sand Creek Massacre (1864)
• Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho – Central
Plains
• Black Kettle
• Col. John Chivington
• Cheyenne massacres prompt Chivington to kill up to 500 surrendered Cheyenne and Arapaho led by Black Kettle.
Red River War (1874-1875)
• Comanche and Southern branches of Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Arapaho – Southern Plains
• Comanche War parties
• Gen. William T. Sherman
• Lt. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan
• Southern Plains Indians relocated to OK Indian Territory in 1867.
• Comanche warriors raced to TX to kill hunters who had destroyed their food supply.
• Sherman and Sheridan defeat warriors and open land for ranching.
Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)
• Sioux of the Northern Plains – Dakota, WY, and MT territories (Black Hills Region)
• Sitting Bull
• Crazy Horse
• Lt. Col. George A. Custer
• US Govt. tries to buy gold-rich Black Hills from Sioux.
• Talks fail and Custer’s 7th Calvary sent to round up the Sioux.
• Troops meet up with large number of Sioux.
• Custer and 200 men killed in “Custer’s Last Stand.”
Nez Perce War (1877)
• Nez Perce –
ID, WA, and OR
Territories
• Chief Joseph
• Gen. Nelson Miles
• Gen. Oliver O.
Howard
• Nez Perce makes stand to hold land and not move to ID reservation.
• Chief Joseph leads families, warriors of tribe (apprx. 700 people) for 1800 miles.
• Surrendered after some battles and moved to reservation in WA Territory.
Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)
• Sioux Reservation in South Dakota (Pine Ridge Reservation)
• Sitting Bull• US 7th Calvary
• Ghost Dance raises fears of Sioux uprisings.
• Sitting Bull killed in an attempted arrest.
• His followers surrender and camp at Wounded Knee.
• Shots are fired; some 200 – 300 Sioux die (women and children included).