Indonesian REDD+ After Paris:Quo vadisDaniel Murdiyarso

Indonesian REDD+ After Paris:Quo vadisIndonesian REDD+ After Paris:Quo vadis

Outline

• At the beginning…• The core idea of REDD+• Fast tracking REDD+• The barriers for a national

approach and sub nationalimplementation?

• What lessons did we learn?• In a nutshell

• At the beginning…• The core idea of REDD+• Fast tracking REDD+• The barriers for a national

approach and sub nationalimplementation?

• What lessons did we learn?• In a nutshell

Thursday, May 27, 2010

Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says he will introduce a two-year moratorium on deforestation, a large source of income for his countrywhich also contributes heavily to global warming."We will ... conduct a moratorium for two years where we stop theconversion of peat land and of forest," Mr Yudhoyono said at a joint pressconference with Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg a day before aninternational deforestation conference starts in Oslo.The decision was part of a deal reached with Norway, which has agreed tocontribute up to $US1 billion to help preserve the Indonesian forests.Together with Brazil, Indonesia boasts one of the world's largest rain forests,which function as global "lungs" that transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.The country however also accounts for a large portion of the world'sdeforestation, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.Palm oil producers have especially caught the attention of environmentalprotection groups.……..AFP

Thursday, May 27, 2010

Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says he will introduce a two-year moratorium on deforestation, a large source of income for his countrywhich also contributes heavily to global warming."We will ... conduct a moratorium for two years where we stop theconversion of peat land and of forest," Mr Yudhoyono said at a joint pressconference with Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg a day before aninternational deforestation conference starts in Oslo.The decision was part of a deal reached with Norway, which has agreed tocontribute up to $US1 billion to help preserve the Indonesian forests.Together with Brazil, Indonesia boasts one of the world's largest rain forests,which function as global "lungs" that transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.The country however also accounts for a large portion of the world'sdeforestation, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.Palm oil producers have especially caught the attention of environmentalprotection groups.……..AFP

Mr Yudhoyono acknowledged it was difficult to find the right balancebetween the socioeconomic interests of his people and the fight againstclimate change.Norway will begin support for Indonesia's efforts by enabling the countryto set up a control mechanism to help fight deforestation, and as of 2014the Scandinavian country will offer aid contingent on Jakarta's progress."If there is no reduced deforestation, we will not pay. If there is reduceddeforestation, we will pay," Mr Stoltenberg told the press conference.According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange, or IPCC, deforestation is responsible for 17 per cent of globalgreenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's modes oftransport combined.The Norwegian aid to Indonesia will come out of the three billion kroner($555 million) that the country puts aside every year to fightdeforestation around the world.Norway, which owes its prosperity to its vast oil and gas reserves, hasalready signed similar agreements with Brazil and Guyana.-AFP-

Mr Yudhoyono acknowledged it was difficult to find the right balancebetween the socioeconomic interests of his people and the fight againstclimate change.Norway will begin support for Indonesia's efforts by enabling the countryto set up a control mechanism to help fight deforestation, and as of 2014the Scandinavian country will offer aid contingent on Jakarta's progress."If there is no reduced deforestation, we will not pay. If there is reduceddeforestation, we will pay," Mr Stoltenberg told the press conference.According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange, or IPCC, deforestation is responsible for 17 per cent of globalgreenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's modes oftransport combined.The Norwegian aid to Indonesia will come out of the three billion kroner($555 million) that the country puts aside every year to fightdeforestation around the world.Norway, which owes its prosperity to its vast oil and gas reserves, hasalready signed similar agreements with Brazil and Guyana.-AFP-

Necessary tools needed

• National Strategy• MRV system• (Forest)Reference Emission Level• Safeguards (SES and SIS)• Financial mechanism

Are they publically accessed? Enabling instrument/PAM? National Designated Authority?

• National Strategy• MRV system• (Forest)Reference Emission Level• Safeguards (SES and SIS)• Financial mechanism

Are they publically accessed? Enabling instrument/PAM? National Designated Authority?

The core idea of REDD+

• Carbon value of forests• Performance-based• Co-benefits• Sustainable

Development Goals

• Carbon value of forests• Performance-based• Co-benefits• Sustainable

Development Goals

Fast tracking REDD+ in Indonesia

TRANSFORMATIONALREFORMS SPECIFIC POLICIES

Tenure reform

Governance

PES(payments for environmental services)

Community-based natural resourcemanagement (CBNRM)

• May or may not directly lead to REDD+

But has positive effects on equity andpoverty reduction, necessary for thelong-term success of REDD+ efforts

Governance

Decentralisation Agricultural policies

Woodfuel policies

Land use restrictions

Sustainable forest management

Community-based natural resourcemanagement (CBNRM)

simpler, technically and politically

Potential barriers

• Institutional/ Governance– Sectoral “bandwidth”– Authority and mandate

• Legal/ Regulatory framework– Rules of the game– Disharmony across sectors and regional

• Technical– MRV system– Capacity to reduce uncertainties,

including EF and AD

• Institutional/ Governance– Sectoral “bandwidth”– Authority and mandate

• Legal/ Regulatory framework– Rules of the game– Disharmony across sectors and regional

• Technical– MRV system– Capacity to reduce uncertainties,

including EF and AD

• Ketapang/FFI/Kalbar• Kapuas Hulu /FORCLIME/Kalbar• Kapuas Hulu/FFI/Kalbar• Sentarum/FFI/Kalbar• Lamandau/YAYORIN-RARE/Kalteng• Rimba Raya/RRC-Infinite Earth/Kalteng• Katingan/RMU-Starling Resources/Kalteng• Sebangau/WWF/Kalteng• KFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Kalteng• Heart of Borneo/WWF/Kalteng• Kutai Barat/WWF/Kaltim• Kutai-Malinau/Global Green/Kaltim• RHOI/BOS/Kaltim• Malinau/GER/Kaltim• Malinau/FORCLIME/Kaltim• Berau Forest Carbon/TNC/Kaltim• Berau/FORCLIME/Kaltim

• Mamuju/Inhutani/SulBar• TN Lore Lindu/UNREDD-MoFo/Sulteng• SM Nantu/YANI/Gorontalo• Poigar/ONF/Sulut

PotentialREDD+ projects

• Lombok/KOICA-MoFo/NTB• TN Meru Betiri/ITTO-MoFo/Jatim

• Merang/GiZ/Sumsel• Berbak/ZSL/Jambi• SFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Jambi• Kampar Ring/APRIL/Riau• Tesso Nilo/WWF/Riau• Siberut/Global Green/Sumbar• Leuser/YLI/Aceh• Ulu Masen/Aceh Green/Aceh

Biak-Rumfor/Emerald Planet Mamberamo/New Forest

Merauke-Mappi-Asmat/WWF Jayapura/WWF

• TEBE Project/YTM-AusAID/NTB

National Parks

B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas

G. Palung KutaiLore Lindu

B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas

Baluran

Lore Lindu

National Parks and REDD demonstration sites

B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas

G. Palung Kutai

Kalimantan• FORCLIME• AusAID

Sulawesi• UN-REDD

Lore LinduB. Tigapuluh

B. Duabelas

Baluran

Sumatra• AusAID• GTZ

Java/Lombok• ITTO• KOICA

Lore Lindu

As of April 2010

National Parks and voluntary REDD sites

B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas

G. Palung Kutai

Kalimantan• FFI/PHKA• BOS• GER/Inhutani• WWF

Sulawesi• Green Synergy• Inhutani Papua

• WWF• New Forest• Emerald PlanetLore Lindu

B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas

Baluran

Sumatra• Govt Aceh/FFI• WWF• APRIL• RSPB/• Burung• ZSL

Papua• WWF• New Forest• Emerald PlanetLore Lindu

As of April 2010

(Forest) Reference Emission Level

BasePeriod

Or

Historicalbaseline

Crediting period = 35 years?

Fore

stC

-sto

cks Base

Period

Or

Historicalbaseline

With REDD

Without REDD(BAU)

Fore

stC

-sto

cks

With REDD+

5 or 10years?

BasePeriod

Or

Historicalbaseline

With REDD

Without REDD(BAU)

C-e

mis

sion

GtC

O2-

eq

With REDD+

(Forest) Reference Emission Level

BasePeriod

Or

Historicalbaseline

C-e

mis

sion

GtC

O2-

eq

With REDD+

5 or 10years?

Crediting period = 35 years?

HF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HD

Cluster of forest cover and deforestation rate

HF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HD

LF/LDLF/LDLF/LDLF/LDLF/LDLF/LD

Forest transition - nationalForestcover Papua

Kalimantan

Java

Time

Sumatra

Forest/plantations/ agric.mosaics

Undisturbedforests

Forest/agric.mosaics

Forestfrontiers

Java

TREND-D for a quota system

Existing forest

ExpectedDeforestation

Fore

st a

rea

orC-

stoc

ks

Province A Province B Province C

Forested district

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ExpectedDeforestation

Agreed nationalreference level

Fore

st a

rea

orC-

stoc

ks

Approaches for accounting & crediting

National approach• Creates country ownership• Addresses domestic leakage• Susceptible to governance failures• Less likely to mobilize private

investment

Sub-national• Allow early action and wide participation• Susceptible to domestic leakage• Cannot address wider driving forces of

deforestation and forest degradation

Nested approach• Allows early start with sub-national

activities and gradually move to anational approach

• Challenges to harmonize two levels

National approach• Creates country ownership• Addresses domestic leakage• Susceptible to governance failures• Less likely to mobilize private

investment

Sub-national• Allow early action and wide participation• Susceptible to domestic leakage• Cannot address wider driving forces of

deforestation and forest degradation

Nested approach• Allows early start with sub-national

activities and gradually move to anational approach

• Challenges to harmonize two levels

Lessons learned fromthe reforestation fund study

• Build capacity for financialmanagement and revenue admin

• Strengthen corruption and frauderadication initiatives

• Support financial monitoring,reporting, and verification

• Adjust policies to remove misalignedand perverse incentives

• Promote equitable distribution ofbenefits and mitigate negativeimpacts on smallholders

• Build capacity for financialmanagement and revenue admin

• Strengthen corruption and frauderadication initiatives

• Support financial monitoring,reporting, and verification

• Adjust policies to remove misalignedand perverse incentives

• Promote equitable distribution ofbenefits and mitigate negativeimpacts on smallholders

In the Paris Agreement

In a nutshell• REDD+ must be new ... but build on lessons

learned• REDD+ must be transformational ... but shows a

world where change is incremental• REDD+ requires targeted interventions …strong

broad sectoral coordination is needed• REDD+ Strategy is ready ... but projects are

challenging• REDD+ can synergize adaptation... but no silver

bullets

• REDD+ must be new ... but build on lessonslearned

• REDD+ must be transformational ... but shows aworld where change is incremental

• REDD+ requires targeted interventions …strongbroad sectoral coordination is needed

• REDD+ Strategy is ready ... but projects arechallenging

• REDD+ can synergize adaptation... but no silverbullets

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