industrial ptoduction of vitamin b12

8/8/2019 Industrial Ptoduction of Vitamin b12

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Vitamin B12 is known as cobalamin. It hasthe largest and most complex chemicalstructure of all vitamins. It consists of a

coring ring with cobalt at its core, hencethe name : cobalt vitamin water soluble vitamin with a key role in

the normal functioning of the brainand nervous system, and for the

formation of blood.


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1. CNS function

2. Blood formation

3. DNA synthesis and regulation4. Fatty acid synthesis

5. Energy production

Most B12 functions can be performed by folate(another B vitamin). This is because B12regenerates folate.


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Vitamin B12 is also a coenzyme in a reaction involved in methionineMetabolism.

H4folate is converted to N5-methyl-H4folate in a number of different reactions asit accepts methyl groups. The methyl group can only be removed and theH4folate regenerated by the above reaction.(See folic acid)


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Vitamin B12 is found in foodsthat come from animals,including fish and shellfish,meat (especially liver), poultry,eggs, milk, and milk products.

Eggs are often mentioned asa good B12 source.

Vitamin B12 is provided as asupplement in many processed

foods, and is also available invitamin pill form, includingmulti-vitamins


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Of all living organism only few species ofbacteria are capable of producing vit B12naturally

The Species from the following genera areknown to synthesizeB12: Aerobacter,Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes,Azotobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Protaminobacter, Proteus,Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Salmonella, Serratia, Streptomyces, Streptococcus and Xanthomonas.


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Industrial production of B12 isthrough fermentation of selected

microorganisms :Streptomyces griseus, abacterium once thought to be a yeast, wasthe commercial source of vitamin B12 formany years

The species Pseudomonasdenitrificans and Propionibacteriumshermanii are more commonly used today.


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Preparation of inocolum

Pure agar slant culture of S.O.

Inoculation & growth

100 -250 ml ofinoculation media

Mechanicalshaker foraeration ofmedium

Inoculation

medium

Larger inoculationmedium / larger tank

Repeated several timesfor obtaining requiredamount of inoculation

culture


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Yeast extract 1.0

Beef extract 1.0

N Z amine A 2.0

Glucose 10.0

Agar 150

SDW 1 litre pH 7.3


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Consist : carbohydrate + protienaceousmaterial+ salt of cobalt+ other salts Others : soya bean milk + yeast + casein high a/m of cobalt is added for maximum

yield of cobaltamine Cyanide added for conversion of

cobaltamine to Vit B12

Cobalt is not required for growth ofmicro organism Production media is sterilized before

being utilized


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Distiller solute 4%

Dextrose 0.5 1%

Calcium carbonate 0.5%

Cobalt chloride 1.5 10 ppm

pH 7.0

Temperature 28c inproduction

tank


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pH: during rapid conversion of sugar ( 2 -4 days). Mycelium lyses and pH increases.

Maintaince of pH upto 5.0 is done byadding H2SO4 and reducing agent i.e.sodium sulphite.

Aeration & agitation:I. Proper rate maintained for proper

growth rate

II. Aeration rate increases leading toexcessive foaming

III.Optimum rate of aeration : 0.5 VVm


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Antifoaming agents:

I. Foam forming at beginning & at end of

fermentationII. E.g. soya bean oil, lard oil, silicon oil

Yield : 1- 2 mg/ lt in fermented growth


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mycelium

Cobalamin associated with mycelium

Boil ; pH 5

Liberation ofcobalamin from

mycelium

Filtration toget

crystallinevit B12

Broth

cobalamin

cyanide

cynocobalamin


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Adsorption / passing

through adsorbingagents packed incolumn

aq. Solution of

organic bases

Elution ofcynocobalamin

Extraction byadding Zn salt

Raise pH

Precipitation of

zinc hydroxide

Eliminationof impurities

Chromatography +crystallization

Pure VitaminB12


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industrial ptoduction of vitamin b12

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