industrial revolution
TRANSCRIPT
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RISE OF INDUSTRIALISM
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Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society
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Traditional or Pre-Industrial SocietyFARMING IN THE MIDDLE AGES-Villages feed themselves (subsistence farming)-1 of 3 fields left fallow (empty) to regain fertility-Animals grazed in common pastures
DISADVANTAGES-Inefficient land use-Farmers didn’t experiment with new farming methodsFORCES FOR CHANGE-Population was growing, more food needed-French Blockade of Britain meant no corn, more food needed.
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The Agricultural Revolution
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The Agricultural RevolutionENCLOSURE MOVEMENT-Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming methods-Villages lost common lands, political power; peasants became poorer
CROP ROTATION-Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop, were replenished by planting different crops-Fields not left inefficiently fallow
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The Agricultural Revolution con’tOTHER DISCOVERIES-Seed drill planted seeds efficiently-New crops, corn and potatoes
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
-More food available-Population increased
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The Agricultural Revolution con’t
Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
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Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
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Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism con’t
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MERCANTILISM AND RISING DEMAND
-Nations should maintain/increase its wealth by exporting more goods than it was importing-Import raw materials and export finished goods
MERCHANTS ROLE IN COTTAGE INDUSTRY-Merchant supplied raw materials (wool/cotton) to be carded and spun-Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth-Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs (profit + larger investment = higher profit)
Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
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Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism con’tCAPITALISM-Economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit-Cottage industry -an example of early capitalism
EFFECTS OF THE COTTAGE INDUSTRY-Big profits for new class of merchants-Alternative source of income for peasants
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The Textile Industry and
Factory System
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Textile and Factory SystemTEXTILE INDUSTRY-Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles-Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning-Power loom sped up weaving-Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton
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Textile and Factory System con’t Water frame
Spinning mule
Spinning jenny
Power loom
Cotton gin
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Textile and Factory System con’t
EFFECTS OF TEXTILE FACTORIES IN BRITAIN
-Britain’s textile industry increased enormously-Majority of villagers forced to leave homes to find work in urban factories
RISE OF THE FACTORY-New machines, too big for homes, put in factories-Factories near power sources; coal, iron, water-Prices of mass-produced textiles much cheaper than hand made garments
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Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial
Revolution
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Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial RevolutionTHE NEED FOR ENERGY-Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills-Steam engine evolved in response to the need for powerHOW THE STEAM ENGINE WORKS-Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power
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Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial RevolutionEFFECTS OF THE STEAM ENGINE-Steam power, used where ever coal existed, increased textile production-Improved mining, increased metals, in turn fueled other industries
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Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution
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Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution con’t
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Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution con’t
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Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial RevolutionTHE NEED FOR IRON-Iron was needed for farming tools, factory machinery, railways-Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbonTHE NEED FOR COAL-Carbon necessary for smelting iron-Steam engines powered by coal
EFFECTS OF IRON AND COAL-Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined-Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy
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Transportation
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Transportation con’t
Stephenson’s Rocket
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Transportation con’t
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TransportationTHE NEED FOR BETTER TRANSPORATION-Increased production increased need to transport goods quicker and cheaper-Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roadsINVENTIONS-Stone led to asphalt roads-Canals-Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in 1829
EFFECTS OF RAILROADS-Railroads expanded rapidly throughout Britain-Cheaper transportation increased production and profits-Railways fueled other industries: coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products
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Sailboat Steamboat
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Horse and Carriage
Steam Train
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Gas LampsElectric Lighting
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Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution GEOGRAPHY-Climate is good for textile production-Plenty of natural resources-iron and coal-Separation from European continent kept them out of warsGOVERNMENT-Internal trade encouraged-Population was allowed to move around-Helped build canals and roads
SOCIAL FACTORS-British society less rigid than other European countries
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Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution COLONIAL EMPIRE-Colonies supplied raw materials for manufactured goods-Provided market for finished goods
ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIALIZING FIRST-No other countries competing for manufactured goods-Monopoly on technology
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Marx
Owen
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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~As more jobs became available the middle class grew. (bankers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, etc)
~Large houses~Leisure time~Fine clothes
THE MIDDLE CLASS
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~People became wage earners, dependant of others instead of themselves.
~Clocks replace seasons as people’s work cycle.
~Factories were full of rules, farms were not.
~Life became difficult and monotonous~12 people in one room apartment~Illness, death or unemployment meant starvation.
CHANGES IN SOCIETY
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~Workers lived in very small houses on cramped streets
~Shared toilet facilities-open sewers~Disease spread through contaminated water supply~Chest diseases from the mines, cholera, typhoid &
smallpox extremely common~The greatest killer in the cities was tuberculosis
~By the late 19th century, 70 to 90% of the urban populations of Europe and North America had TB
~40% of working-class deaths in cities were from TB
HOUSING
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Dr. John Snow’sCholera map - 1854
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~Children as young as six years old worked hard hours for little or no pay
~Children sometimes worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break
~Children were paid only a fraction of what an adult would get
CHILD LABOR
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In England and Scotland in 1788, 60% workers in cotton mills were children
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~Many women & girls worked in manual labor-mines~Other jobs considered “women’s work” paid less
~Textile mills~Servants
~Middle Class women~Belonged at home~Had servants to do work and raise the children~Many never married~Improved education opened some professions like
teaching and nursing
WOMEN’S ISSUES:A GREAT STEP SIDEWAYS
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~Life expectancy of children increased dramatically. ~75% children born in London died before the
age of five in 1730s, but only 32% in 1820s~Population of England by 1901was 30.5 million~Massive urbanization and the rise of new great
cities~In 1717 Manchester - a market town of
10,000, by 1911 – a city of 2.3 million
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
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Roberts
PICTOWORDSCreate a pictoword- symbolic
representations of words or phrases that demonstrate the meaning of INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
Use at least 4 colors in your pictoword.
EXAMPLE:
ESCALATION
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Create a pictoword- symbolic representations of words or phrases that demonstrate the meaning of INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.Use at least 4 colors.