INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Introduction•The Industrial Revolution Era was began from year 1750 to 1850.•Changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology sectors.•Began in the United Kingdom, then spread to the whole Europe. •The first major turning point in industrial field were began from The Industrial Revolution.•The transition from an agricultural-Based economy to towards machine-based manufacturing make peoples from countryside came to big cities for looking a job.•The First Industrial Revolution, which began in around 1750 that merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when the technological and economic progress

What changes took place in Europe during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

methods of manufacturing the way people made a living the products available to them It began in England because of strategic place

and potential for the transport development, inter-regional flows of business and integration of a national economy.

Introduction of the new technology

introduced many inventions, especially in the textile industry.

mills became the premises to the manufacturer for the organization of human labor in factories

Cottonopolis, the name given to the vast collection of cotton mills, factories and administration offices

Agricultural Revolution began by the invention of machinery that played a big part in driving forward the British to add prosperity in country.

played a part in freeing up labor from the land to work in the new industrial mills of the 18th century

increased food production with ever fewer laborers for commercial purposes.

Jethro Tull's was invented

Cont…

Cont… Later inventions such as the power loom and

Richard Trevithick's high pressure steam engines were also important in the growing industrialization of Britain.

First change in Europe during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century is the introduction of the new technology to improve the productivity of goods to more efficiently and effectively.

Until the 18th century, the manufacturing of cloth was done by hand making and low productivity.

In 1733, the introduction of the “fly shuttle” by John Kay of Blackburn, enabled one weaver to do the work previously carried out by two men

Cont…

In 1767, James Hargreaves of Oswald twistle, Lancashire introduced the spinning jenny, which increased the amount of cotton yarn that could be spun.

In 1769, Richard Arkwright introduced the water frame, which produced stronger warp yarn.

Cont… 1779, Samuel Crompton combined the jenny and

the water frame into one machine called the mule with using water power.

It produces more productivity of goods but in the factory, also needed a quarter of million handloom weavers to work to operate it.

In 1763, James Watt invented the steam engine the steam engine was became the king of the

industries to produce more goods.

Cont… minerals industries also had a machine to

help in mining iron and coal. 1695, Thomas Savery introduced a steam

pump. Thomas Newcomen created engine steam

pumps in 1720s but it tended to overheat and rather cumbersome because of their large beam.

After that James Watt partnered with Matthew Boulton to introduce better steam pump.

It help a lot in mining minerals.

Cont…

Replacement of organic fuels based on wood to the fossil fuel based on coal was a major change in the metal industries.

Improvements in machine tools allowed better working of iron and steel and boosted the industrial growth of Britain.

Cont…

Gas lighting was introduced later by William Murdoch.

This invention allowed the night life to flourish in cities and towns as interiors and streets could be lighted on a larger scale than before.

Cont…

Nicholas Louis Robert invented the Fourdriner.

The Fourdriner effects the printing of books and others became more cheaper than before.

Cont…

New method of producing glass known as the cylinder process was developed in Europe during the early 19th century.

Improved the quality of glass.

The use of new mineral sources of energy

The use of new mineral sources of energy in the country has change.

The large scale of chemicals production was important.

In 1824 Joseph Aspdin patented a chemical process for making portland cement which was important advance in the building trade.

After 1860, scientist focus on chemical innovation was in dyestuffs, and Germany tok world leadrship, building a strong chemical industry.

The new method of transportation

At the beginning of industrial revolution, as industries expanded in the country, the transportation must be upgrade.

Canal was the first technology to allow bulk materials to be easily transported across the country.

By 1820s, a national network was in existence to the movements of goods

The original British road system was poorly maintain. Stage coaches carried the rich from the goods. Wagon ways for moving coal in the mining area starting in 17th

century 1825, steam-hauled public railways began with the Stockton and

Darlington railway and the liverpool and manchester railway in 1830.

Railways is very important in Britain country because it helped Britain’s trade enormously, providing a quick and easy way of transport and an easy way to transport mail and news.

A concentration of workers in factories

Industrialization led to the creation of the factory. In sixteenth century, businessmen began employing

families in the countryside to spin and weave. The first factory was John Lombe’s water-powered

silk milk at Derby, operational by 1721. The factory system was largely responsible for the

rise of the modern city. Poor children and woman were emigrated from rural

area towards urban area to become labor. Some of the good industrialist themselves tried to

improve factory and living condition for their workers.

The changes of political system

New political system had introduced out during the Industrial Revolution.

The dissent and insubordination of the English workingmen reached its peak in the mid 19th century

The Charter called for several changes to the Parliamentary system.

Chartism rapidly gained a lot of support among the poorer classes in Northern England.

In July 1839, position to parliament was rejected, and most of the movement’s leaders were arrested.

In 1840, O’Conner attempted to revive Chartism, but people had generally lost interest.

The pollution during the Industrial Revolution

The steam was made by burning coal to heat water because the burning coal produces a lot of dirty, black smoke.

Transport of train also produced a lot of ashes and dust.

The pollution began make the people easily inject by disease.

Improvement of education

the knowledge of innovation was spread by several means. European countries and America engaged in study-touring

some nations, like Sweden and France. Besides that, in other countries, notably Britain and America,

this practice was carried out by individual manufacturers. There were publications describing technology that can use

to improve the quality and quantity in producing the goods. In the last decade of the 18th century, the periodical

publications about manufacturing and technology began to appear and many regularly included notice of the latest patents.

people can learn more rational knowledge that use in life after the Renaissance happened.

conclusion

The Industrial Revolution is the biggest effect to the environment to all countries.

It happens because of the agrarians sector of the country became bigger and enough to the need to local people so the country sells the remaining to the other countries.

It come a new revolution and it as known as Industrial Revolution.

In this revolution, some of the people try to invent something that can helps in the productivity in the industries.

this revolution makes our life change a lot of our environment whether in culture, education, politics and others.