Industrial Revolution and Society(1780s – 1830s)

Chapter 12, Sections 1 and 4

Factors of Industrial Revolution• First Industrial Revolution

lasted from 1780s – 1830s• 5 primary reasons for

Industrial Revolution (APCAS)– Agricultural practices change– Population growth– Capital, or a ready supply of

money available– Availability of natural

resources– Supply of markets

Industries Change• Cotton Industry

– During 1700s, done almost exclusively at home (cottage industry)

– New inventions like the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and water powered loom speed process

• Coal and Iron Industry– Coal was in higher demand to

fuel steam engines– Higher quality iron created

through process called puddling• The Factory

– Work brought from home to more efficient factories

– Growth in labor produces more capital for the population

New Technology Spreads Revolution

• Railroads made moving supplies long distances easier and more efficient

• 1804 – 1st steam powered locomotive in Britain– Pulled 10 tons and 70 people at 5

mph• 1830 – The Rocket is introduced

– Pulls 40 tons at 16 mph– William Huskisson – first person

killed by train• By 1850s, trains are running up to

50 mph across 6,000 miles of track in Britain

Industrialization in the United States• 1800 – 6 out of 7 workers were

farmers, no cities over 100,000 people

• 1860 – 50% of workers were farmers, 9 cities over 100,000 people

• Key to industrial growth was transportation– Canals and waterways branching

off Mississippi use steamboats– 30,000 miles of railroad track by

1860• Labor came from farms and

small towns– Sometimes entire families were

targeted

Societal Impact of Industrial Revolution• Population growth

– Result of new crop production methods, fewer wars, less disease

– 1750 – 140 million, 1850 – 266 million

• New Classes– Industrial middle class

• Fueled by industrial capitalism• Replaced bourgeoisie

– Industrial working class• Replaced lower classes• Long work days, rough conditions, little

break

• Early Socialism– Socialism is a system in which society,

usually in the form of government, owns and controls some means of production

– Wanted equality of all people in all aspects of life

– Hoped to replace competition of industry with cooperation of industry

Romanticism and Realism• Romanticism

– Reversal of Enlightenment thinking

– Emphasized feelings, emotions, and imagination as a source of knowledge

– Sought knowledge in nature, uniqueness of individual

• Realism– Belief that the world should

be viewed realistically– Demonstrated this in both art

and literature

New Age of Science• Medicine

– Louis Pasteur develops methods of using germs to cure disease

• Origin of man– 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes

Origin of Species• Argued Organic Evolution, or that

each plant and animal species had derived from a common ancestor

• Natural selection – some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others

• Relationship with religion– Time period is one of

secularization, or moving away from the church

Exit Slip

• What were the 5 causes of the first Industrial Revolution?

• How were the cotton, coal, and iron industries changed following the Industrial Revolution?

• What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on social classes?