industrial training at ipca
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Conducted by Mrs AnaghaConducted from 25th May to 24th JuneShadabjahan Ashraf Qureshi
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A sincere thanks to Mrs Anagha,Mrs Hema and our beo!ed "rinci"a
maam #r Anubha khae for "ro!iding such a g$$d o""urtunity %
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&abs
'esearch and Anaytica ab
(re"aration of tabets
Shifting
)ranuation
#rying
&ubrication
Com"ression
#issoution by H(&C
*! by assay
+ts a""ication
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or more than -$ years, +"ca has been "artnering heathcare gobay ino!er ..$ countries and in markets as di!erse as Africa, Asia, Austraia,/uro"e and the *S%
+"ca is a fuy0integrated +ndian "harmaceutica com"any manufacturingo!er 15$ formuations and $ A(+s for !arious thera"eutic segments%
3e are one of the ords argest manufacturers and su""iers of o!er ado6en A(+s% 7hese are "roduced right from the basic stage atmanufacturing faciities endorsed by the ords most discerning drugreguatory authorities ike *S0#A, *80MH'A, /#QM0/uro"e, 3H90)ene!a and many more%
+"ca is a thera"y eader in +ndia for anti0maarias ith a market0share ofo!er14: ith a fast e;"anding "resence in the internationa market as e%3e aso ead in #MA'#s <#isease Modifying Anti0'heumatic #rugs=treatment for rheumatoid arthritis% 3e ha!e eading brands in 5thera"eutic areas, ith 4 of our branded formuations being rankedamong the 7o"01$$ +ndian brands by 9')0+MS%
9ur internationa cient roster incudes goba "harmaceutica giants ikeAstra>eneca, )a;oSmith8ine, Merck, 'oche and Sano? A!entis@ most ofhom e ha!e been "artnering o!er the years%
At +"ca, uaity assurance is an attitude of seeking sustainabebetterment in e!ery as"ect of our ork% 7he resuts sho in our?nancias as e as ork ethic% Bet income for the ?nancia year ended1.st March 2$.4 as
's% 1,25-%25 Crores <*S 51 Mn=% Bet "ro?t as 's% 4DD%1D Crores<*S DE Mn=%
3hats more, +"ca as aarded as Among the .$$ Fest Com"anies to3ork in +ndia 2$.$ in a study conducted by )reat (ace to 3orkG 0 +ndiain joint coaboration ith 7he /conomic 7imes%
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' and # research and de!eo"ment ab%
A#&0anaytica and de!eo"ment ab%
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.% Shifting2% )ranuation1% #rying4% &ubrication5% com"ression
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+s the "rocess of "assing the drugs through sie!e% Iarious ty"es ofsie!es are uesd for the same%sie!e -$ is most commony used%
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'%M%) <'a"id mi;ing granuator=0
#ry "oders are ?rst oaded into the 'M) by !acuum or gra!ity
<tota containment=%
'M)s are e;tremey uick and eKcient mi;ers of dry "oders% #ry
mi;ing is the ?rst ste" of the "rocess%
After the "roducts are mi;ed by means of the bottom dri!e rotating
im"eer, a binder is introduced into the "roduct%
7he binder can be added in dry form or s"rayed in as "art of abinding soution%
S"raying occurs though one or more s"ray no66es and is uicky
dis"ersed into the "roduct by the mi;ing action of the main mi;ing
too <im"eer= and the cho""er bade%
7he cho""er bade, hich is "ositioned in the highest circumferentia
area of the "roduct aids in de0um"ing%
7he end "oint of the granuation is detected by ammeter% )ranues
are then easiy and automaticay discharged from a "ort in the
bos side% 7he et granues are generay mied as they come out
of the granuator%
OPERATION
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uidised bed dryer0
uidi6ed bed drying is the o"tima method for controed, gente and
e!en drying of et soids% 7he intensi!e heatLmass e;change of the
uidi6ed bed "roduct makes this method "articuary eNecti!e and time0
sa!ing% 7he technoogy is aso suitabe for "ost0drying of s"ray
granuated or e;truded "roducts ith !ery o residua moisture%
uidi6ed bed drying can be used in the entire "oder "rocessing
industry% +n the "harmaceutica industry, this inno!ati!e method has
re"aced the time0consuming tray drying ong agoO 7he drying "rocess
ith uidi6ed bed drying reduces the drying time in the drying o!en by
a""ro;imatey tenty times% +n addition, uidi6ed bed drying "ro!ides
controed and uniform drying conditions com"ared to the une!en
drying in trays%
uidised bed dryer0
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9ctagona mi;erctagona Fender, due to its octagona sha"e is designed to
"rocess arger !oume of materia% +t occu"ies ess s"ace com"ared to other
simiar benders ike I and #oube Cone%
(oer consum"tion is aso ess% 7he bending takes "ace at o s"eed during
o"eration% +t is e baanced e!en in higher ca"acities% +t is !ery usefu for
"harmaceutica industries herein gente bending of dry granues of "oder is
to be done% +t is a so s"eed bender and has remo!abe ty"e baPes mounted
on a rectanguar she% 7he
im"ortant feature of the machine is easy to ash in "ace% 9ctagona bender is
su""ied ith a bin charging system or can be designed for !acuum charging%
#ust free charging system is aso incor"orated, hich is a com"etey cosed
system for charging and discharging of "oders or granues%
7he "oer consum"tion is com"arati!ey oer than other simiar ty"e of
benders% 7he machine basicay consists of she eded ith conica 9ctagona
sha"e ends and su""orted ith sturdy su""orts on both side%
7he right hand side shaft is connected to a standard gearbo; by means of chain
and s"rockets, hich in turn is cou"ed to an eectric motor% 7he hoe dri!e
assemby is co!ered ith S%S% side "ane% 7he inside "ortion of 9cta body is
mirror "oished and the outside surface of 9cta body@ frame guards are matt
"oished% 7he materia to be mi;ed is charged in machine either manuay from
to" or bin charging system or !acuum charging system and then the "ort is
ocked "ositi!ey% 7hen bender is started to "reset bending time% At the end of
"rocess, machine is sto""ed and the "roduct is transferred to "rocess
containers by o"ening the buttery !aue%
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to .$$ by "ressing the C9*Bheck ceaniness of
the eui"ment%
-%.%2 Sitch 9B the instrument, drum i
initiai6e itsef to the oading "osition, the
dis"ay i no sho S7A'7%
-%.%1 3eigh and record the eight of the
tabets%
A% or the tabets ha!ing indi!idua eight u" to
$%-5$ g take 2$ tabets%
F% or the tabets ha!ing indi!idua eight
abo!e $%-5$ g take .$ tabets%
-%.%4 Adjust the counts 7 key fooed by R.,
R$, R$ keys% <Count range . to EEEEE=%
-%.%5 (ress /B7/' to con?rm the reading%
-%.%- 7o see and con?rm the number of counts
"ress C9*B7 key%
-%.%D 9n con?rming the number of counts "ress
'*BLHA&7 key to start, the dis"ay shos the
ea"sed count%
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-%.% B97/O 7est can be "erformed by adjusting R7+M/ simiary as RC9*B7%
-%.%E 3hen test is o!er drum rotates in re!erse direction discharging the tabets
in the tray%
-%.%.$ 7he test o!er is indicated by an audibe bee" and dis"ay shos /B#
-%.%.. 7he drum initiai6es itsef to oading "osition and dis"ay shos S7A'7
indicating the instrument is ready for the ne;t run%
-%.%.2 'emo!e the tabets from the tray%
-%.%.1 #e0 dust and eigh the tabets and note don the eight of the tabets%
Cacuate the "ercentage oss in the eight by using the formua
(ercentage &oss T+nitia 3t ina 3tL+nitia 3t U .$$
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7he a""aratus consists of a basket0rack
assemby, a .$$$ m&, o0form beaker, .10.-$
mm in height and ha!ing an inside diameter ofED0..5 mm for the immersion uid, a
thermostatic arrangement for heating the uid
beteen 15 VC and 1E VC, and a de!ice for
raising and oering the basket in the immersion
uid at a constant freuency rate beteen 2E
and 12 cyces "er minute, through a distance of
not ess than 51 mm and not more than 5D mm%
7he !oume of the uid in the !esse is such that
at the highest "oint of the u"ard stroke the ire
mesh remains at east .5 mm beo the surface
of the uid and descends to not ess than 25 mm
from the bottom of the !esse on the donard
stroke% At no time shoud the to" of the basket0
rack assemby become submerged% 7he time
reuired for the u"ard stroke is eua to the
time reuired for the donard stroke and the
change in stroke direction is a smooth transition,
rather than an abru"t re!ersa of motion% 7he
basket0rack assemby mo!es !erticay aong its
a;is% 7here is no a""reciabe hori6onta motion or
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Hardness is
carried out by
just "acing the
tabet in centre
and the run
button is "ressed
hen there is a
cick sound the
a""aratus shos
the harndness in
B%
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Schematic re"resentation ofan H(&C unit% <.= So!ent
reser!oirs, <2= So!ent
degasser, <1= )radient !a!e,
<4= Mi;ing !esse for dei!ery
of the mobie "hase, <5= High0
"ressure "um", <-= Sitching
!a!e in Winject "ositionW, <-=
Sitching !a!e in Woad
"ositionW, <D= Sam"e injection
oo", <= (re0coumn <guard
coumn=, <E= Anaytica
coumn, <.$= #etector <i%e% +',
*I=, <..= #ata acuisition,
<.2= 3aste or fraction
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H(&C has been used for medica <e%g% detecting !itamin # e!es in
bood serum=, ega <e%g% detecting "erformance enhancement
drugs in urine=, research <e%g% se"arating the com"onents of a
com"e; bioogica sam"e, or of simiar synthetic chemicas fromeach other=, and manufacturing <e%g% during the "roduction
"rocess of "harmaceutica and bioogica "roducts= "ur"oses%X.Y
Chromatogra"hy can be described as a mass transfer "rocess
in!o!ingadsor"tion% H(&C reies on "um"s to "ass a "ressuri6ed
iuid and a sam"e mi;ture through a coumn ?ed ith a sorbent,
eading to the se"aration of the sam"e com"onents% 7he acti!e
com"onent of the coumn, the sorbent, is ty"icay a granuar
materia made of soid "artices <e%g% siica, "oymers, etc%=, 25$
micrometers in si6e% 7he com"onents of the sam"e mi;ture are
se"arated from each other due to their diNerent degrees of
interaction ith the sorbent "artices% 7he "ressuri6ed iuid is
ty"icay a mi;ture of so!ents <e%g% ater, acetonitrie andLor
methano= and is referred to as a Wmobie "haseW% +ts com"osition
and tem"erature "ay a major roe in the se"aration "rocess by
inuencing the interactions taking "ace beteen sam"e
com"onents and sorbent% 7hese interactions are "hysica in
nature, such as hydro"hobic <dis"ersi!e=, di"oedi"oe and ionic,
most often a combination%
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(rinci"e of utra!ioet0!isibe absor"tion
Moecues containing Z0eectrons or non0bonding eectrons <n0eectrons=
can absorb the energy in the form of utra!ioet or !isibe ight to e;cite
these eectrons to higher anti0bonding moecuar orbitas%X2Y
7he moreeasiy e;cited the eectrons <i%e% oer energy ga" beteen the H9M9
and the &*M9=, the onger the a!eength of ight it can absorb%
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*ILIis s"ectrosco"y is routiney used in anaytica chemistry for the
uantitati!e determination of diNerent anaytes, such as transition meta
ions, highy conjugated organic com"ounds, and bioogica
macromoecues% S"ectrosco"ic anaysis is commony carried out in
soutions but soids and gases may aso be studied%
Soutions of transition meta ions can be coored <i%e%, absorb !isibe
ight= because d eectrons ithin the meta atoms can be e;cited from
one eectronic state to another% 7he coour of meta ion soutions is
strongy aNected by the "resence of other s"ecies, such as certain
anions or igands% or instance, the coour of a diute soution of co""er
sufate is a !ery ight bue@ adding ammoniaintensi?es the coour and
changes the a!eength of ma;imum absor"tion <[ma;=%
9rganic com"ounds, es"eciay those ith a high degree of conjugation,
aso absorb ight in the *I or !isibe regions of the eectromagnetic
s"ectrum% 7he so!ents for these determinations are often ater for
ater0soube com"ounds, orethano for organic0soube com"ounds%
<9rganic so!ents may ha!e signi?cant *I absor"tion@ not a so!entsare suitabe for use in *I s"ectrosco"y% /thano absorbs !ery eaky at
most a!eengths%= So!ent "oarity and "H can aNect the absor"tion
s"ectrum of an organic com"ound% 7yrosine, for e;am"e, increases in
absor"tion ma;ima and moar e;tinction coeKcient hen "H increases
from - to .1 or hen so!ent "oarity decreases%
3hie charge transfer com"e;es aso gi!e rise to coours, the coours
are often too intense to be used for uantitati!e measurement%
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7hrough this training got the "ractica knoedge of the "harmaceutica
industry%
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